英语语法第一轮复习---数词.doc

Unit 4 数词知识要点：1掌握基数词、序数词、分数词、倍数、百分数、年月日、钟点、年龄、序号的基本用法。2掌握不定数量词、约数词的表达方法。（一）基数词：表示数目的词为基数词，它的构成如下表：范 围特 点实 例112无规律 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve1319以teen为结尾 thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen2090以ty结尾 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety2199十位与个位之间要加连字符 “-” twenty-five, sixty-five, ninety-nine101999百位与十位之间通常用and three hundred and twenty-five（美语中常将and省略）千以上 6275six thousand two hundred and seventy-five；1200twelve hundred（二）序数词：表示顺序的数词为序数词，它的构成如下表：范 围特 点实 例119各基数词尾加th其中七个例外：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, 其余，如：four forth, six sixth, nineteen nineteenth20,3090把y变i后加eth twentieth, fortieth, ninetieth21以后多位数最后一个数用序数词，其余用基数词 21st twenty-first, 110th one hundred and tenth（三）、分数的表达方式（1）分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母用复数。如：one-third三分之一，three-sevenths七分之三。（2）分子与分母之间加in, 分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如：one in ten 十分之一，five in eight八分之五。（3）分子与分母之间加out of , 分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如：one out of ten十分之一，five out of eight八分之五。（四）、百分数和小数的的表示法（1）表示百分数直接将数词放在单词percent前面即可，如：twenty percent百分之二十。（2）分数和百分数后面不能直接接名词或代词，而用以下形式：分数/百分数 of + 冠词 / 限定词 + 名词 / 代词 ，其谓语动词与of后的名词在人称和数上保持一致，如：Two-thirds of the money was spent on food.About seventy percent of the earth surface is covered by water.（3）小数的表示法，小数点前的总值发同其他数词一样，小数点用point,小数点后面的数读成个位数，如：9.65表示为nine point six five。218.39表示为two hundred and eighteen point three nine。（五）数词的用法：1.英语中年月日、点钟、序数词、分数词、算式列表示例英语表示法2001630June 30,2001 30June,2001 30thJune, 20017：25seven twenty-five twenty-five past even12:54twelve fifty four six to one9:15nine fifteen a quarter past nine2:30two thirty half past two21:50twenty-one fifty 9:50p.m.第21twenty-first第123one hundred and twenty-thirda half two and two-fifths 20%20 per cent 20 percent第七路公共汽车Bus Number Seven第201房间Room 201人民路153号153 Renmin Road 4+8 =12 Four plus eight is twelve11-7=4Eleven minus seven is four.65=30Six times five is thirty.205=4twenty divided by five is four.ABA is more than B.ABA is less than B.ABA is approximately (近似地, 大约)equals to B.ABA is not equal to B.2.约数表示法列表含义英语表达例句大于某数more than He has lived here for more than twenty years.overshe is over fifty.or moreThere re thirty people or more in the meeting-room.小于某数less thanI have less than (not more than )fifty dollars.underChildren under seven are not allowed to enter.belowHe would not sell it for below a hundred fifty dollars.or lessThe coat might cost him sixty dollars or less.大约（某数）nearlyShe is nearly fifty now.almostIts almost three oclock.up to Up to ten men can sleep in this tent.or He spent four or five days writing the article.or so The distance is twenty miles or so.aboutI visited that village about three years ago.someTheir team has some four or five players.more or lessThe container can hold more or less twenty pounds of water.around/roundLets make it round/around eight oclock.3.不定数量词“多”的表示法列表被修饰名词的数英语表达汉译修饰可数名词dozens of 几十、许多scores of 许多many, a good(great) many, many a (饰单数可数名词)许多、大量hundreds of 数以百计thousands of ,thousands upon thousands of 成千上万millions of 数百万billions of 亿万修饰不可数名词much , a great (good)deal of ,a large amount of ,large amounts of 许多、大量修饰可数名词或不可数名词a lot of /lots of ,plenty of, a large quantity of , large quantities of 许多、大量4、序号表示法（1）单纯的序号，可在基数词前加number,简写为No.。如：No.1第一号（2）事物名词的序号表达法有什所不同：对于一些小序号可有序数词也可用基数词表达，形式分别为：the +序数词 + 名词；名词 + 基数词。如：第一次世界大战可以表示为the First World War或World War One。对于一些大序号我们通常只用一种表达法，即名词 + 数词。如：501号房间表示为Room 501, 538路公共汽车表示为Bus 538。可用a / the + number + 基数词 + 名词。如：a No.5 bus一辆五路公共汽车，the No.8 bus那辆8路公共汽车。5、倍数的表达方式 一般情况下我们用以下三种倍数表达方式：（1）倍数用在as + 形容词 / 副词（原级）+ as结构之前。如：They have three times as many cows as we do.（2）倍数放在形容词或副词的比较级之前.This rope is four times longer thanthat one. （3）倍数用在表示度量名词前，其基本结构为：倍数 + the + size / length / weight + of + 表示比较对象的名词如：This room is three times the size of that one.You cant imagine that rats eat 40 to 50 times their weight.注意：用ten、dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million等数词的复数后加of短语来表示几十、几百、上千、成千上万等大约数概念。The little boy buys dozens of pencils every term.dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million作数词表示确切数量时，不用复数。如：three score, five dozen, seven million等。例题：1. _ people in the world are sending information by E-mail every day.A.Several million B.Many millions C.Several millions D.Many million 2. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _absent for different reasons.A.were ; was B.was ; was C.was ; were D.were ; were 3. Shortly after the accident, two _ police were sent to the sport to keep order .(NMET 92)A.dozens of B.dozens C.dozen D.dozen of 数 词 练 习1. Two _died of cold last winter.A. hundreds old people B. hundred old people C. hundreds old peoples D. hundred old peoples2. He was only in_ at the time.A. his 20s B. the 20sC. his twenties D. the twenties3. The two great men wrote those letters in_ .A. 1870s B. 1879s C. the 1870s D. the 18704. I wonder if I can ask him_ time. A. four B. fourth C. the fourth D. a fourth5. He came out_ in the track events. A. first B. one C. the first D. the one6. It was in 1939 that _broke out. A. World War Second B. the World War Second C. Second World War D. World War II7. Youll have to spend _writing your report here. A. one day or two days B. one day or twoC. a day or two D. two days or one8. He cut the cake_ . A. in halves B. in half C. into halves D. into half9. The earth is nearly_ the moon. A. 50 time the size of B. 50 times the size of C. 50 times as size as D. 50 times as that of10. Either you or the headmaster _the prizes for these gifted students at the meeting. A. is handing in B. are to hand out C. are handing in D. is to hand out11. _of the population here are peasants. A. 20 percents B. 20 percentC. the 20 percent D. the 20 percents12. Its about_ , the thickness of a human hair. A. two-fifteenth B. two-fifteenths C. two fifteen D. two fifteens13. The price of such material was reduced_ . A. by 18 percent B. to 18 percent C. at 18 percent D. for 18 percent14. South of the equator, 81 percent of the surface of the earth_ water. A. is B. are C. was D. were15. They sold _boxes of such sweets last week. A. four dozen B. four dozens C. four dozens of D. four dozen of16. It took me _ days to finish drawing a beautiful horse. A. a half dozen B. half a dozen C. haft dozens D. half dozen17._people were sent there to help fight against the flood. A. Three scores of B. Three score of C. Three score D. Three scores18. Dont leave you work,_ . A. done half B. half done C. a half done D. done a half19. Nobody can do two things well _ . A. at one time B. at once C. one time D. once20. He has_ books in his study. A. several thousands B. some thousands of C. some thousands D. some thousand of21. On National day_ people take part in all kinds of celebration. A. hundreds of millions ofB. millions of hundred of C. hundreds millions ofD. millions hundreds of22. He has lived at_ for 30 years. A. No. 101 Heping StreetB. 101 Heping StreetC. Heping Street 101 D. Heping street No. 10123. You can find him in_ . A. Room 201B.201 RoomC. the Room 20D. the 201 Room24. Its_ walk from here to my school. A. two - hoursB. two hoursC. two - hourD. a two - hour25. It was in_ when he was already in _ that he went to Yanan. A. the 1940s, the 40sB. the 1940s, his fortiesC. 1940s, his forties D. the 1940s, his 40s26. He went to the market and bought _eggs and some meat. A. three dozen ofB. three dozenC. three dozens D. three dozens of27.Shortly after the accident two _police were sent to the spot to keep order. A. dozen ofB. dozens C. dozen D. dozens of 28.Mr Smith _me to buy several _eggs for the dinner. A. asked, dozen B. suggested, dozens of C. had, dozen D. persuaded, dozens of 29._of the land in that district _covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths , is D. Two fifths, are 30.Two _died of cold last winter. A. hundreds old people B. hundred old peopleC. hundred old peoplesD. hundred old peoples 31.It is not rare in _that people in _fifties are going to university for further education.A.90s,theB. the 90s, / C.90s, their D. the 90s, their 32.-Have you seen many sheep in the distance ? -Yes, _.A. thousand of themB. two thousands of them C. two thousand of them D. two thousand them精典名题导解1.解析：答案为A。本题考查的是million表示确切数量的用法。million前需用数表确切数量，而不用many这类词，但可说many millions of（上百万的），故本题中用Several million。2.解析：答案为C。本题考查的是the number of + 名词与a number of + 名词作主语时谓语的单复数问题。the number of是“的数目”，作主语时谓语动词用单数，而a number of 后接可数名词的复数形式，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式，故此题最佳选项为C。3.解析：答案为C。此题考查的是数词dozen表示确切数量时的用法，dozen表示确切数量时用其单数形式，当dozens的复数后接of时则表示不确切数量，本题答案为C。数 词 练 习 题 答 案1B 2. C 表示几十的数字的复数与所有格代词一起来用以表示人的年龄，本句为二十多岁。3C 定冠词the和数的复数形式在一起表示年代。4D 序数词前面加不定冠词表示又一次(已经四次了)5A 这里first有人说起副词作用，可以看成表语，也可以看做一种取得第一名的习惯用法。6D 序数词和名词共同构成的专有名词还可以是thc Second World War的形式。7C 只有C项为正确的表达方式，或者也可以写成one or two days再如：one hour and a half或one and a half hours8B in half表示分成一样大小的两半。也可以说cutin two9B 再如twice the height(depth，width，weight，etc)of10D eitheror连接主语用就近原则。be to hand out the prizes意为要颁发奖品。11答案为B。百分比作修饰语，前面不加冠词且不能加复数。12答案为B。分数做定语，分子用基数词，分母为序数词，当分子大于1时，分母用复数，本题中，其它表达方式均不正确。13答案为A。表增加或减少的数量的百分比，用by+百分数表示。14答案为A。不可数的名词的百分比用单数；可数名词的百分比则用复数。C项时态不对，另如：90 percent of the population here are peasents这个句子中population的意思是people15答案为A。dozen与数词或many，several等词连用时复数一般不加s，故B、C两项不选。此外，dozen与数词连用做定语，一般也不加of当然也有例外：Place them in dozens on the tabledozens表数量很多。Two dozen of these are wanteddozen后面有of因为有限定词these，the等。Dozens of people were heredozens of也表示很多。16答案为B。半打的表达方式一定要用hall a dozen。17答案为B。score做定语修饰名词用a(three)score of，而不用复数形式；常用scores of为其复数形式，意为大量，但有：three score and ten，a score or more18答案为B。hall起副词作用，修饰过去分词done，因为这个过去分词表状态，故half应在done前。再如：well done，well known，不用a half修饰done，故不选C、B两项。19B意为同时，不是立刻。20B2lA 如：tens of thousands of(小数在前，大数在后)thousands and thousands of(两数一样大)。22B 居住的门牌号用介词at+号数+街道名。23A24答案为D。walk作为名词，常与不定冠词连用。注意：在表数量的合成词中，名词部分为单数，如：a two-year-old boy 25答案为B。在20世纪40年代，必须有定冠词the此外，年代后要加s或s。他已经40多岁了要用in his forties。26答案为B。dozen与数词或多或少several, many连用时，复数不加s。dozens of表示数量很多，在修饰有these，the等词限定的名词时，可用dozen of的形式。如：three dozen of these eggs. 27.C 28.A 29.C 30.B 31.D 32.C本卷第6页（共6页）_ _山东世纪金榜书业有限公司