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八年级英语上册知识点总结教案.docx

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八年级英语上册知识点总结教案   【知识梳理】   I.重点短语   .giveaconcert   2.falldown   3.goon   4.attheendof   5.goback   6.inahurry   7.writedown   eout   9.alltheyearround   0.lateron   1.attimes   2.ringsb.up   3.HappyNewyear!   4.haveaparty   5.holdon   6.hearfrom   7.beready   8.atthemoment   9.takeout   20.thesameas   21.turnover   22.get-together   23.puton   24.takeaseat   25.waitfor   26.getlost   27.justthen   28.firstofall   29.gowrong   30.makeanoise   31.geton   32.getoff   33.standinline   34.attheheadof   35.laughat   36.throwabout   37.infact   38.atmidnight   39.enjoyoneself   40.haveaheadache   41.haveacough   42.fallasleep   43.againandagain   44.lookover   45.takeexercise   II.重要句型   .begoodforsth.   2.Ithink…   3.Ihope…   4.Ilove…   5.Idon’tlike…   6.I’msure…   7.forgettodosth.   8.takeamessageforsb.   9.givesb.themessage   0.helpyourselftosth.   1.befamousforsth.   2.onone’swayto…   3.makeone’swayto…   4.quarrelwithsb.   5.agreewithsb.   6.stopsb.fromdoingsth.   III.交际用语   .what’stheweatherliketoday?   2.It’scold,butquitesuuny.   3.Howcolditistoday!   4.yes,butit’llbewarmerlateron.   5.Shallwemakeasnowman?   eon!   7.HappyNewyear!   8.mayIspeaktoAnn,please??   9.Holdon,please.   0.Thanksalotforinvitingmetoyourparty.   1.ok.ButI’mafraidImaybealittlelate.   2.canItakeamessageforyou?   3.That’sok.Itdoesn’tmatter.   4.I’mverysorry,butIcan’tcome.   5.I’msorrytohearthat.   6.Happybirthday!   7.wouldyoulike...?wouldyouliketo...?   8.Doyouthink...?yes,Ithinkso./No,Idon'tthinkso.   9.Doyouagree?yes,Iagree./No,don'treallyagree.Ireallycan'tagree.   20.Thereareafew/alotof.../onit.   21.Sodowe.   22.I'mhappyyoulikeit.   23.whichisthewayto...,please?   24.Turnright/leftatthe...crossing.   25.Goonuntilyoureach...   26.HowcanIgetto...?Godown/up/alongthisroad.   27.what'sthematter?   28.It'lltakeyouhalfanhourto...   29.we'dbettercatchabus.   30.Itmaybein...Ah,soitis   31.youmustbemorecareful!   32.youmustn'tcrosstheroadnow.   33.Ifyouwanttocrossastreet,youmustwaitforthegreenlight.   34.Pleasestandinline.   35.youmustwaitforyourturn.   36.Ifyoudon'tgosoon,you'llbelate.   37.Idon'tfeelverywell.   38.myheadhurts.   39.youmustn'teatanythinguntilyouseethedoctor.   40.what'sthetrouble?   41.what'sthematterwith…?   42.Shedidn'tfeellikeeatinganything.   43.Nothingserious.   44.Have/getapainin…   45.Noproblem.   46.Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.   IV.重要语法   .一般过去时;   2.反意疑问句的用法;   3.一般将来时;   4.感叹句;   5.简单句的五种基本句型;   6.情态动词can,may和must,haveto的用法;   7.时间状语从句和条件状语从句。   【名师讲解】   .above/over/on   这三个介词都表示“在……之上”,但含义不同。on指在某物的表面上,和某物接触;above指在某物的上方,不和某物接触,但也不一定在某物的正上方;over指在某物的正上方,不和某物接触。试比较:   Thereisabookonthedesk.课桌上有一本书。   Iraisemyrighthandabovemyhead.我把右手高举过头。   Thereisastonebridgeovertheriver.河面上有座石桥。   2.forgettodosth./forgetdoingsth.   forgettodosth.意思是“忘记做某事”,实际上还没做;forgetdoingsth,意思是“忘记做过某事”,实际上已经做过了。试比较:   Iforgottotellhimthenews.我忘记告诉他这条消息了。   Iforgottellinghimthenews.我已经把这条消息告诉他了,我却忘了。   类似的词还有:remember,regret等。   4.besuretodosth./besureof/aboutsb.orsth.   besuretodosth.可以用来表示说话人给对方提出要求,意思是“务必”,也可以用来表示说话人做出的推断,意思是“一定”,“肯定”。例如:   Besuretolockthedoorwhenyouleave.你离开时务必把门锁好。   It’sagoodfilm.youaresuretoenjoyit.这是一部好电影,你肯定会喜欢的。   besureof/aboutsb.orsth.   可用来表示“某人对某事有把握”。例如:   I’msureofhissuccess.我相信他会成功。   Ithinkitwasthreeyearsago,butI’mnotsureaboutit.我想那是三年前的事情,但我没有把握。   5.hearfrom/hearof   hear意思是“听到”,从哪里听到要用from来表示。例如:   I’veheardfromXiaowuthatwe’llstartoutmilitarytrainingtomorrow.   我听小吴说,我们明天开始军训。   ListentothetapeandwriteoutwhatyouhearfromHanmei.   听录音,并写出你从韩梅那里听到的内容。   hearfrom还有一个意思是“收到某人的来信”(=receivealetterfromsb.)。例如:   IheardfrommypenfriendintheU.S.A.lastmonth.   上个月我受到了美国笔友的来信。   Iheardfromherlastweek.我上周接到了她的来信。   hearof和和hearfrom含义不同。hearof意思是“听说”,“得知”(某事或某人的存在),常用在疑问句和否定句里。例如:   whoishe?I’veneverheardofhim.他是谁?我从来没有听说过他。   Ineverheardofsuchathing!这样的事我从来没有听说过。   6.It’sapleasure./withpleasure.   It’sapleasure这句话常用作别人向你表示致谢时的答语,意思是“那是我乐意做的”。例如:   ---Thankyouforhelpingme.谢谢你地帮助。   ---It’sapleasure.那是我乐意做的。   ---Thanksalot.Bye.非常感谢。再见。   ---It’sapleasure.那是我乐意做的。再见。   类似的话还有“Notatall.”“youarewelcome.”“That’sallright.”   withpleasure也用作客气的答语,主要用在别人要你做某事,而你又非常愿意去做的场合。例如:   ---willyoupleasepassmethenewspaper,please?   请你把报纸递给我好吗?   ---withpleasure.   当然可以。   7.seem/look   二者都可以作“看起来”讲,但seem暗示凭借一些迹象作出的有根据的判断,这种判断往往接近事实;look着重强调由视觉得出的印象。两者都可跟+形容词和asif从句。如:   Heseems/looksveryhappytoday.他今天看起来很高兴。   Itlooksasifititisgoingtorain.好像要下雨了。   但下列情况中只用seem不用look:   )后跟不定式todo时。如:   Heseemstoknowtheanswer.他似乎知道答案。   2)在Itseemsthat...结构中。如:   Itseemsthatheishappiernowthanyesterday.他像比昨天高兴些了。   8.bereadytodo/bereadyfor/getreadytodo/getreadyfor   bereadytodo和bereadyfor…表示“已作好…的准备”,强调状态   getreadytodo和getreadyfor…表示“为…做准备”,强调行为。如:   I'mreadytodoanythingyouwantmetodo.我愿意/随时准备做一切做你要我做的事。   I'mreadyforanyquestionsyoumayask.我愿意/随时准备回答你可能问的问题。   He'sgettingreadytoleaveforTokyo.他正准备动身去东京。   Let'sgetreadyforthehardmoment.我们为这一艰难时刻作好准备吧。   bereadytodo通常可理解“乐于做某事”,即思想上总是有做某事的准备。benotreadytodo表示   “不轻易做某事”。如:   He'susuallynotreadytolistentoothers.他通常不轻易听从别人。   9.attable/atthetable   attable在吃饭,atthetable在桌子旁边。例如:   TheGreensareattable.格林一家人在吃饭。   mr.Blackissittingatthetableandreadingabook.布莱克先生坐在桌旁读书。   0.reach,arrive/getto   三者都有"到达"之意。reach是及物动词,后直接加名词,get和arrive是不及物动词,不能直接加名词,须借助于介词。getto后加名词地点,若跟副词地点时,to去掉;arriveat+小地方,arrivein+大地方。如:   Lucygottothezoobefore8o'clock.露西8点前到了动物园。   whendidyourparentsarriveinShanghai?你父母何时到上海的?   ItwaslatewhenIgothome.我到家时天色已晚。   1.sick/ill   二者都是形容词。当“生病的,患病“之意时,ill只作表语,不作定语;而sick既可作表语也可作定语。sick有"呕吐,恶心"的意思,只能作表语,而ill无此意。如:   LiLeiwasilllastweek.李磊上周生病了。   He'sasickman.(作定语)他是病人。不能说成:He'sanillman.   mygrandfatherwassickforamonthlastyear.(作表语)我祖父去年病了一个   月。   2.intime/ontime   intime是"及时"的意思,ontime是"准时,按时"。如:   Ididn'tgettothebusstopintime.我没有及时赶上汽车。   we'llfinishourjobontime.我们要按时完成任务。   3.maybe/maybe   Itmaybeinyourinsidepocket.=maybeitisinyourinsidepocket.也许在你里边的口袋里。第一句中maybe是情态动词+be动词构成的谓语部分,意思是"也许是","可能是";第二句中的maybe是副词,意思是"可能",常位于句首,不能位于句中,相当于另一副词perhaps。再如:   maybeyouputitinthatbag.也许你放在了那只包里。(不能说youmaybeputit   inthatbag.)   Itmaybeahat.那可能是顶帽子。(不能说Itmaybeahat.或Itmaybeisahat.)   4.noise/voice/sound   noise指嘈杂声,噪音大的吵杂声。voice是指说话的声音,嗓音,嗓子。sound是指耳朵能够听到的声音、闹声等。它是表示声音之意的最普通的字。有时还用作科学上的声音。例如:   Don'tmakesomuchnoise!别那么大声喧哗!   Ididn'trecognizejohn'svoiceonthetelephone.在电话里我听不出约翰的声   音。   Hespokeinalowvoice.他低声说话。   weheardastrangesound.我们听到了一种奇怪的声音。   Soundtravelsfast,butlighttravelsfaster.声音传得快,但是光传得更快。   【考点扫描】   中考考点在本单元主要集中在:   .一般过去时;   2.反意疑问句的用法;   3.一般将来时;   4.感叹句;   5.简单句的五种基本句型;   6.情态动词can,may和must,haveto的用法;   7.时间状语从句和条件状语从句;   8.本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型;   9.本单元学过的日常交际用语。   考试形式可以是单项填空、完型天空、短文填空和完成句子。   【中考范例】   .   ---Doyouknowifwewillgotothecinematomorrow?   ---Ithinkwe’llgoifwe________toomuchhomework.   A.willhave   B.had   c.won’thave   D.don’thave   【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是条件状语从句的时态。在条件和时间状语从句里通常用一般现在是表示将来的动作。   2.   youhavebeentoTibet,_________?Iwastoldthatthesnow-coveredmountainswereverybeautiful.   A.haveyou   B.haven’tyou   c.don’tyou   【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是反意疑问句的构成。反意疑问句的前一部分是肯定句,后一部分就应该是否定的疑问部分,而且要和前一部分保持时态上的一致。   3.   ---jacky,lookatthatjapanesesumoist.   ---wow,______________!   A.Howafatman   B.whatafatman   c.Howfatman   D.whatfatman   【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是感叹句的构成。这个感叹句省略了主谓部分,只保留了感叹部分。如果以what开头,就应该是whatafatman!如果是How开头,就应该是Howfat!   4.   ---Thanksforyourhelp.   ---__________________   A.Itdoesn’tmatter   B.Don’tthankme   c.you’rewelcome   D.That’sright   【解析】答案:c。该题考查的是日常交际用语。回答别人的道谢通常用“That’sallright.”或”you’rewelcome.”   【满分演练】   一.选择填空   .Don’tforget_________yourbookheretomorrow.   A.totake   B.tobring   c.taking   D.bringing   2.mrsBrownwenttothecinema,______she?   A.didn’t   B.doesn’t   c.wasn’t   D.isn’t   3.Itwashalfpastfour.Everything_______ready.   A.is   B.was   c.are   D.were   4.---HappyNewyear!   ---____________.   A.Thesametoyou   B.I’mgladtohearthat   c.I’mveryhappy   D.Thankyou.It’sverykindofyou.   5.Igotuplateyesterday.There_________notimetohavebreakfast.   A.has   B.had   c.was   D.is   6.Thankyoufor______metoyourparty.   A.invite   B.inviting   c.toinvite   D.invited   7.---I’msorryItookyourpenbymistakeyesterday.   ---______________.   A.Allright   B.That’sright   c.Right   D.That’sallright   8.---Thankyouforshowingmetheway!   ---________________.   A.Thesametoyou   B.Itdoesn’tmatter   c.It’sapleasure   D.That’sright   9.---couldIuseyourcomputerforamoment?   ---_____________.   A.Sure   B.Really   c.Right   D.Itdoesn’tmatter   0.---Ijustlostmybike.   ---________________.   A.Iwishyoutobuyanewone   B.you’dbetterbuyanewone   c.I’msorrytohearthat   D.It’salwaysnicetorideanewone   二.选择能代替句中划线部分的词语或短语   .what’sthematterwithyourmother?   A.problem   B.question   c.message   D.wrong   2.---Thankyouverymuch.   ---It’sapleasure.   A.I’mveryglad.   B.That’sright.   c.Itdoesn’tmatter   D.Notatall   3.whatishedoingatthemoment?   A.now   B.amomentago   c.late   Dlateron   4.Didyouhaveagoodtimeattheparty?   A.staylong   B.singanddance   c.enjoyyourselfD.eatenough   5.---mayIspeaktojohn,please?   ---certainly.   A.Sure.   B.Ithinkso.   c.I’dloveto   D.That’sallright.   6.---couldIspeaktojim,please?   ---Sorry,heisn’tin.   A.isathome   B.isnotatwork   c.isout   D.isfree   7.Thereisnothingbutanoldtableintheroom.   A.many   B.some   c.any   D.only   8.what’stheweatherlike?   A.when   B.where   c.why   D.How   9.Pleaseletmelookatyourphoto.   A.givemeB.passmec.bringmeD.showme   0.Pleaseaskhimtoringmeupwhenhecomesback.   A.see   B.help   c.call   D.thank   三.完形填空   whenI__1__inLondonlastyear,ithadoneofthethickestfogsinyears.youcould__2____seeyourhandin__3___ofyourface.wheneveningfell,itbecameeven__4___.Alltraffic__5___toastop.Idecidedtowalk.   Afewminutes__6___,Icouldn’tfindmy__7___.ThenIsawayoungmanandaskedhimtohelpme.Heagreed.AsIwasfollowinghim__8__thestreets,hetoldme,“IknowthispartofLondonquitewell.Andthethickfog___9__tome.yousee,I’m__10___.”   .A.is   B.was   c.am   D.   are   2.A.easily   B.hard   c.hardly   D.even   3.A.front   B.thefront   c.back   D.theback   4.A.bad   B.worse   c.good   D.better   5.A.began   B.started   c.went   Dcame   6.A.late   B.later   c.early   D.earlier   7.A.road   B.way   c.street   D.home   8.A.along   B.in   c.throughD.by   9.A.isnotgood   B.doesgood   c.isnothing   D.hassomething   0.A.strong   B.week   c.blind   D.clever   四.阅读理解      johnwasaveryfamouspianist.whenhewasasmallboy,heonceplayedatapartyatthehomeofarichman.Hewasonlyeightyearsold.Buthehadplayedforseveralyears.AtthepartyheplayedafamouspiecebyBeethoven.Heplayedwonderfully.   Thefamouspiecehasinitseveralverylongrests.Ineachoftheserestshetookhishandsfromthepianoandwaited.Tohimthiswasveryexciting.Butitseemedthatthemotheroftherichmanthoughtdifferently.Finallyduringoneoftheserestsshecameovertohim.Shetouchedhimontheheadwithasmileandsaid,“myboy,why   don’tyouplayuswhatyouknowwell?”   根据短文内容判断正误:正确的答“A”,错误的答“B”。   .johnonceplayedthepianoatapartywhenhewasonlyalittleboy.   2.johnbegantoplaythepianoattheageofeight.   3.Ineachoftherestsjohntookhishandsfromthepianobecausehefelttired.   4.Therichman’smotherdidnotthinkjohnplayedthepiecewell.   5.Infactthemotheroftherichmanknewthepiecewell.      oneday,wehadanEnglishclass.Theteachersawaboyreadingapicturebookandsaid,“Tom,whatdoyouusuallydoafterlunch?”Tomnervouslygotupfromhisseat,buthedidnotknowwhattoanswer.Hethoughtforsometimeandthensaid,“waitforsupper.”   Theteacherwasdispleasedandjustatthatmoment,hesawanotherboyasleep.Theteacherwasgettingalittleangrynow,buthewastryingnottoshowit.Thenheasked,“Andyou,joke?”   Asjokewasasleep,ofcourse,hecouldnothearwhattheteacherhadsaid.Hisdeskmatewokehimup.jokestoodupquicklyandansweredinaloudvoice,“SodoI”.   .Thisstoryhappened____________.   A.intheteacher’soffice   B.afterlunch   c.inclass   D.ahome   2.Tom’sanswermadetheteacher__________.   A.angry   B.displeased   c.surprising   D.laughing   3.Theteacheraskedjoke________.   A.whathewantedtodoafterclass   B.whathedidinclass   c.thesamequestionasheaskedTom   D.tohelpTom   4.joke’sanswermeantthat_______.   A.heknewwhattodoandwhatnottodoafterlunch   B.hedidthesamethingasTomdid   c.hereadapicture-book   D.hedidmanythingsafterlunch   5.Fromtheabovestorywecanseethat________.   A.jokedidnotknowwhatquestiontheteacherhadasked   B.Tomdidwellinhislessons   c.jokewasgoodathislessons   D.Tomandjokeworkedhardattheirlessons      mrsBlack,thewifeofarichbusinessman,invitedsomeofherfriendstohave   lunch.Shewantedtotryanewwayofcookingafish,andshewasverypleasedwith   herselfwhenthedishwasready.Asthedishwasveryhot,sheputitneartheopen   windowtocoolforafewminutes.But,fiveminuteslater,whenshecamebackforit,   shewasshockedtofindtheneighbour’scatatthedish.Shewasintimetostop   thecar.Thatafternoonwassuccessfulandeveryoneenjoyedthedishverymuch.   Theytalkedandlaughedtillfouro’clock.   Attheendoftheafternoon,whenshewasaloneagain,mrsBlackfelttiredand   happy.Shewasinachairjustnearthewindow.Shelookedoutofthewindowand   shockedtoseetheneighbour’scatdeadinhergarden.why,thefishdishmustbebad!   whatwouldhappentoherfriends?Sheatoncetelephonedthefamilydoctorfor   advice.Thedoctortoldhertotelephoneeachofthevisitorstomeethimatthe   hospitalassoonashecould.Finallythedangerwasover.onceagainmrsBlackwas   aloneinherchairinthesitting-room,stilltiredbutnolongerhappy.justthenthe   telephonerang.Itwasherneighbour.“oh,mrsBlack,”herneighbourcried,“mycat   isdead.Shewaskilledbysomeoneinacarandputitinyourgarden.”   .mrsBlackinvited_______tolunch.   A.mrBlack’sfriends   B.herneighbour   c.herparents      D.someofherfriends   2.whywasmrsBlacknothappyaftershehadagoodparty?   A.Shewassadaboutthedeadcat.   B.Shefoundherfishdishwasbad.   c.Sheneverthoughtthatshewouldhavesomuchtrouble.   D.Shefelttiredaftershehadabusyday.   3.mrsBlack________________________.   A.stoppedthecatbeforeitbegantoeatthefish   B.wastoolatetostopthecatintime   c.stoppedthecatbeforeitatethefishup   D.stoppedthecatbutitwastoolate   4.whywasmrsBlacksoshockedtoseethecatdeadinhergarden?   A.Shelikedthecatverymuch.   B.Sheworriedaboutherfriends.   c.Shewassurethatherfishwasbad.   D.Shedidn’tknowhowthecatdied.   5.Finally________________.   A.mrsBlackfoundthatallherfriendswereallright   B.avisitortoldherthatthecatwaskilledbysomeoneinacar   c.mrsBlackfelthappyasallherfriendsweresafe   D.mrsBlackmetallherfriendsatthehospital   五.根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子   .收音机里说今天晚些时候雨会停的。   Theradiosaystherain________________today.   2.我不喜欢冬天,因为天气太冷了。   Idon’tlikewinter,_____it’s_________.   3.西安位于中国的西北部。   Xi’anis______the______ofchina.   4.多好吃的面包啊!   __________   breaditis!   5.明天白天温度将保持在零度以上。   Thetemp
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