收藏 分销(赏)

专升本英语--语法讲义2.doc

上传人:二*** 文档编号:4656508 上传时间:2024-10-08 格式:DOC 页数:8 大小:33KB
下载 相关 举报
专升本英语--语法讲义2.doc_第1页
第1页 / 共8页
亲,该文档总共8页,到这儿已超出免费预览范围,如果喜欢就下载吧!
资源描述

1、语法:句子的种类(一)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。1) 陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度快。(说明事实)The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。(说明看法)2) 疑问句(Interrogative Sentences):提出问题。有以下四种:a.一般疑问句(General Questions):Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗?b.特殊疑问句(W Questions; H

2、Questions):Where do you live?你住那儿?How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事?c.选择疑问句(Alternative Questions):Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡?d.反意疑问句(Tag-Questions):He doesnt know her, does he?他不认识她,对不对?3) 祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如:Sit down, please.请坐。Dont be nervous!别紧张!4) 感叹句(Exclamatory Se

3、ntences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如:What good news it is!多好的消息啊!(二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类:1) 简单句(Simple Sentences):只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句,例如:She is fond of collecting stamps.她喜欢集邮。(主)(谓)2) 并列句(Compound Sentences):包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接,例如:The food was good, but he had little appetite.(主)(谓)(主)(谓)食物很精美,但他

4、却没什么胃口。3) 复合句(Complex Sentences):包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导,例如:The film had begun when we got to the cinema.主句从句我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了。(三)基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns):英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:1)主 + 动(SV)例如:I work.我工作。2)主 + 动 + 表(SVP)例如:John is busy.约翰忙。3)主 + 动 + 宾(SVO)例如:She studies

5、English.她学英语。4)主 + 动 + 宾 + 补(SVOC)例如:Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。5)主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾(SVOiOd)例如:My mother made me a new dress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。语法:被动形式表示主动意义be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get marriesHe is graduated from a famous uni

6、versity. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意: 表示同某人结婚,用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。He married a rich girl.He got married to a rich girl.数词语法讲解(一)数词概述英语的数词可以分为基数词和序数词两大类。基数词表示数目的多少,如:three,thirty,forty-nine等。而序数词表示的则是这些数目的顺序,如:third,thirtieth,forty- ninth等。数词与不定代词很相似,其用法相当于名词与形容词。中考对数词的考查主要是数词的“复数形式”的应用、分数的构成形式以及词形变

7、化中的基数词转换为序数词。当表示确切的数目时,hundred,thousand,million等数词用单数形式;表达不具体的数目,如成百上千,成千上万等时,hundred,thousand等数词用复数形式,且在其后加介词of。英语中的分数是由“基数词+序数词”构成的。分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,分子大于“1”时,作为分母的序数词要用复数形式。基数词转换为序数词常在词形转换中考查,要特别记住某些序数词的一些特殊变化形式。如:one first, twosecond, threethird, fivefifth, eighteighth, nineninth, twelvetwelfth,

8、 twentytwentieth等等。(二)基础知识梳理1.基数词1)基数词表示数量。1319的基数词都以-teen结尾,如:thirteen,nineteen等。2090十位数的整数都以-ty结尾,如:twenty,ninety等。2)表示两位数词时,十位与个位之间要加连字符。三位以上的数词,在百位数与后两位数之间,要用and连接。如:four hundred and ninety-seven。注意,千位数与百位数之间用逗号分开,如:five thousand,three hundred and twenty。3)在表示一个具体的数目时,hundred,thousand,million都要用

9、单数形式。如:several hundred,two thousand,ten million等。在表示大概数目时,则用hundreds of,thousands of,millions of。来源:考试大的美女编辑们4)数词与其他词构成复合形容词时,其中的名词要用单数形式。如:an eight-cent-stamp, a three-month-old baby。2.序数词1)序数词表示顺序,使用时一般前面要加定冠词。基数词变序数词有一定的规律,下面的口诀可帮助你记忆:基变序有规律,123特殊记。th要从4加起,8减t,9去e。ty变成tie,ve要用f替。若要变为几十几,只变个位就可以。2

10、)有时序数词前不用定冠词,表示“再一、又一”的意思。如:Soon the Greens had a second child-a son.很快格林夫妇又有了一个孩子一个儿子。3.分数,小数和百分比1)表示分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词。当分子大于1时,分母须用复数形式。如:1/2上读作one half或a half, 1/4读作one fourth或a quarter,2/3读作two-thirds, 3 2/5读作three and two-fifths。2)读小数时,小数点前的基数词与前面所讲的基数词读法完全相同,小数点读作“point”,小数点后只需将数字一一读出。如15.07读作f

11、ifteen point zero seven。3) 百分数的读法为:先读基数词,再读百分号。如5%读作five percent。4.年份和日期1)年份的读法为每两位数读一个词。如:1950读作nineteen fifty1800读作eighteen hundred2000读作two thousand2)日期的读法有两种(1)先月后日,日子要读成序数词。如:9月29日可读作September (the) twenty-ninth(2)先日后月,在月份之前加Of。 如:9月29日也可读作the twenty-ninth of September3)年月日同时出现,年代放在最后,年代前用逗号隔开。

12、如:2005年2月1日可写成the first of February ,2005或February( the) first, 20055.时间和钟点6:00读作six (oclock)7:30读作seven thirty/half past seven9:45读作nine forty-five/a quarter to ten2:15读作two fifteen/a quarter past two6.编号的表达1)事物名词(不加冠词)+基数词。如:Lesson One,Part Three,Channel Five,Gate Nine,World War 2)定冠词+序数词+事物名词。如:t

13、he first lesson,the third part,the fifth channel,the ninth gate,the Second World War7.加减乘除的英语表达plus/and加,minus减,time/multiplied by乘,divided by除。如:1)12 +8=? How much is twelve plus/and eight?2)4011=29, Forty minus eleven is/equals twenty nine.3)36 =18, Three times six is/equals eighteen.4)567=? How m

14、uch is fifty-six divided by seven?词汇考试要点:副词及短语副词题副词题相对较少。副词主要用以修饰动词或形容词,我们自然应从被它修饰的动词或形容词入手,来确定可能的答案。1.根据由空缺处副词修饰的动词,来确定正确答案。来源:考试大2.如果空缺处的副词用以修饰后面的形容词,则该形容词的语义在确定答案时往往起着关键性作用。例1.Some people either_avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral about them.A.violentlyB.enthusiasticallyC.sincere

15、lyD.deliberately考试就上考试大题中,能修饰动词avoid的副词最有可能的是D.deliberately(故意地)。2.These areas rely on_agriculture almost,having few mineral resources and a minimum of industrial development.A.respectivelyB.extraordinarilyC.incrediblyD.exclusively本题中,四个副词“分别地”、“异乎寻常地”、“不可思议地”和“惟一地”之中,只有D修饰rely on比较合适。3.Although the

16、 national government has introduces some new laws on this subject, it is the state governments that are_responsible for pollution control.A.preciselyB.primarilyC.progressivelyD.preliminarily同样,本题中应当是“由政府主要负责污染的控制”,即答案为B. A.“精确地”、C.“渐进地”和D.“初步地”均不能修饰“负责”。短语题六级词汇题中还有为数不少的短语类试题,对于这类试题的解答,主要根据该短语的句法功能确定

17、所分属的词类,然后再根据上述四大词类的不同解题方法解答即可。例1.The terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plane in Athens,set to_when it arrived in New York.A.go offB.get offC.come offD.carry off本题选项为短词动词,在句法功能上为不及物动词,根据其逻辑主语a bomb,可知答案为 A.go off(爆炸)。2.Attempts to persuade her to stay after she felt insulted were_.A.in no way

18、B.on the contraryC.at a lossD.of no avail本例中四个选项为介词短语,根据句法功能作表语,相当于形容词,根据其对应的主语“attempts”可知答案为D.of no avail(徒劳的)。专家点拨短语中还有一类不属于上述四大实词类的连接性短语介词,对于解答这一类试题,一定要在理解空缺前后逻辑关系的基础上,才能较有把握地选定正确答案。例1.The younger persons attraction to stereos cannot be explained only liarity with technology.A.in quest ofB.by me

19、ans ofC.in terms ofD.by virtue of题中B和D为同义,均表示“通过”,D又有“由于”之意,A为“寻找”,C为“根据”。根据题意,对年轻人喜欢立体声这一现象的解释,只能“根据”他对立体声技术的熟知程度来进行,故答案为C.语法:固定搭配advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事ask sb. to do sth. 请(叫)某人做某事bear sb. to do sth. 忍受某人做某事beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事com

20、mand sb.to do sth. 命令某人做某事drive sb. to do sth. 驱使某人做某事elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事encourage sb.to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事intend sb.to do sth

21、. 打算要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事reque

22、st sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事阅读辅导:数词词组1含有one以及first的词组(1) one by one 一个个地Students

23、went out of the classroom one by one as soon as the bell rang下课铃一响,学生们一个个从教室里走出来。(2) at one 一致Their opinion is at one他们的意见一致。(3) in one 合为一体Its a book of English phonetics,grammar and usage in one这是一本英语语音、语法和习惯用语结合为一体的书。(4) one another 互相We should help one another我们应该互相帮助。(5) one to one 一比一Neither o

24、f them won,one to one他俩没一个赢,而是一比一。4含有four的成语(1) foursquare 直率的;坦白的The girl is four square这女孩很直率。(2) on all fours 爬着The baby goes on all fours这婴儿在地上爬行。(3) fourlettered words 下流话These books are full of fourlettered words这些书里脏话连篇。(4) in fours 每组四个Students are standing in a line,in fours学生们每组四人排成队(6) on

25、e too many 多余的,不需要的I found myself one too many among people我发现自己在人群中是个多余的人。(7) one in a thousand 优秀的人(或事物)My brother is a one in a thousand我的兄弟是位优秀人物。(8) taking one with another总的看来The youth,taking one with another,is a nice worker总的来说,这位年青人还是个不错的工人。(9) from the first 首先;马上;立刻I knew him from the fir

26、st从一开始我就认识他。(10) first off 首先;马上;立刻They come to our office first off他们马上就要到我们办公室来。(11) first water 极端You are a fool of the first water你真是个大傻瓜。2含有two以及second的词组(1)twoway 双向的He invented a twoway recorder他发明了两用收录机。(2) in two twos 立刻;一转眼My pen was lost in two twos我的钢笔一转眼就不见了。(3) put two and two together

27、 根据事实推断Thev came to the conclusion that he hadnt run out of their city,putting two and two together根据事实推断,他们得出这样的结论,他还没有跑出这座城市。(4) twototwo shop 当铺This is only a twototwo shop这只是一间当铺。(5) second to none 最好的;不可比拟的The jackets are second to none in the shop在这个商店里,这些上衣是上等的。(6) not for a second 决不“Are you

28、 tired after running”? “No, not for a second”“跑步以后你觉得累吗?” “不,一点也不累。”3含有three及third的词组(1) threebottle man 大酒徒His grandfather is a threebottle man他外公是个大酒徒。(2) third dimension 真实感The film seems to have a third dimension这部电影看起来有真实感。4含有four的词组(1) foursquare 直率的;坦白的The girl is four square这女孩很直率。(2) on all fours 爬着The baby goes on all fours这婴儿在地上爬行。(3) fourlettered words 下流话These books are full of fourlettered words这些书里脏话连篇。(4) in fours 每组四个Students are standing in a line,in fours学生们每组四人排成队 来源:考试大-

展开阅读全文
部分上传会员的收益排行 01、路***(¥15400+),02、曲****(¥15300+),
03、wei****016(¥13200+),04、大***流(¥12600+),
05、Fis****915(¥4200+),06、h****i(¥4100+),
07、Q**(¥3400+),08、自******点(¥2400+),
09、h*****x(¥1400+),10、c****e(¥1100+),
11、be*****ha(¥800+),12、13********8(¥800+)。
相似文档                                   自信AI助手自信AI助手
百度文库年卡

猜你喜欢                                   自信AI导航自信AI导航
搜索标签

当前位置:首页 > 考试专区 > 专升本考试

移动网页_全站_页脚广告1

关于我们      便捷服务       自信AI       AI导航        获赠5币

©2010-2024 宁波自信网络信息技术有限公司  版权所有

客服电话:4008-655-100  投诉/维权电话:4009-655-100

gongan.png浙公网安备33021202000488号   

icp.png浙ICP备2021020529号-1  |  浙B2-20240490  

关注我们 :gzh.png    weibo.png    LOFTER.png 

客服