2018年12月大学英语四级真题(第2套).doc

2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of starting a career after graduation. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.Part Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.A) A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse.B) A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the groundC) A rescue worker got trapped in the basementD) A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire2. A)He suffered a fatal injury in an accident.B) He once served in a fire department.C) He was collecting building materials.D) He moved into his neighbors old house.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) Improve the maths skills of high school teachers.B) Change British peoples negative view of mathsC) Help British people understand their paychecks.D) Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching.4. A) Children take maths courses at an earlier age.B) The public sees the value of maths in their life.C) British people know how to do elementary calculationsD) Primary school teachers understand basic maths concepts.Questions 5 and 6 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) He owns a fleet of aircraft.B) He is learning to be a pilot.C) He regards his royal duties as a burden.D) He held a part-time job for over 20 years6. A) He can demonstrate his superior piloting skills.B) He can change his focus of attention and relax.C) He can show his difference from other royalty.D) He can come into closer contact with his people.7. A) They enjoyed his companyB) They liked him in his uniform.C) They rarely recognised himD) They were surprised to see him.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) They were skilled carpenters themselves.B) It didnt need much capital to start withC) Wood supply was plentiful in Romania.D) They saw a business opportunity there.9. A) Provide quality furniture at affordable pricesB) Attract foreign investment to expand businessC) Enlarge their company by hiring more workersD) Open some more branch companies in Germany.10. A) They are from her hometown.B) They are imported from Germany.C) They all come from Romania.D) They come from all over the continent.11. A) All across Europe.B) Throughout the world.C) Mostly in BucharestD) In Romania onlyQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Go to a concert with him and his girlfriend.B) Try out a new restaurant together in townC) Go with him to choose a pearl for SusanD) Attend the opening of a local restaurant13. A) It is sponsored by local restaurantsB) It specializes in food advertisingC) It is especially popular with the youngD) It provides information on local events14. A) They design a special set of menus for themselves.B) They treat themselves to various entertainmentsC) They go to eat at different stylish restaurantsD) They participate in a variety of social event15. A) More restaurants will join Restaurant Week.B) This years Restaurant Week will start soon.C) Bigger discounts will be offered this Restaurant Week.D) More types of food will be served this Restaurant Week.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Rewarding them for eating vegetablesB) Exposing them to vegetables repeatedlyC) Improving the taste of vegetable dishes for theD) Explaining the benefits of eating vegetables to them.17. A) They were disliked most by children.B) They were considered most nutritious.C) They were least used in Belgian cookingD) They were essential to childrens health.18. A) Vegetables differ in their nutritional value.B) Childrens eating habits can be changedC) Parents watch closely what children eat.D) Childrens choices of food vary greatly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) Space exploration has serious consequencesB) India has many space exploration programs.C) There is quite a lot to learn about the moon.D) A lot of garbage has been left on the moon.20. A) It is costly to bring back.B) It is risky to destroyC) It is of no use on Earth.D) It is damaged by radiation.21. A) Record details of space exploration.B) Monitor the change of lunar weather.C) Study the effect of radiation and vacuum on its materialsD) Explore the possibility of human settlement on the moon.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It is likely to remain a means of business communication.B) It is likely to be a competitor of various messaging appsC) It will gradually be replaced by social media.D) It will have to be governed by specific rules23. A) Save the message in their file. B) Make a timely response.C) Examine the information carefully.D) See if any action needs to be taken.24. A) It is to be passed onC) It requires no reply.B) It is mostly junkD) It causes no concern.25. A) Make it as short as possibleC) Adopt an informal style of writingB) Use simple and clear languageD) Avoid using capitals for emphasis.Part Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than onceQuestions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.A few months ago, I was down with a terrible cold which ended with a persistent bad cough. No matter how many different 26 I tried, I still couldnt get rid of the cough. Not only did it 27 my teaching but also my life as a whole. Then one day after class, a student came up to me and 28 traditional Chinese medicine. From her description, Chinese medicine sounded as if it had magic power that worked wonders; I was 29 about it because I knew so little about it and have never tried it before. Eventually, my cough got so much 30 that I couldnt sleep at night, so I decided to give it a try. The Chinese doctor took my pulse and asked to see my tongue, both of which were new 31 to me because they are both non-existent in Western medicine. Then the doctor gave me a scrapping (刮) treatment known as Gua Sha. I was a little 32 at first because he used a smooth edged tool to scrape the skin on my neck and shoulders. A few minutes later, the 33 strokes started to produce a relieving effect and my body and mind began to 34 deeper into relaxation.I didnt feel any improvement in my condition in the first couple of days, but after a few more regular visits to the doctor, my cough started to 35 . then, within a matter of weeks, it was completely gone!A) deepen E) lessen I) remedies M) temporaryB) experiences F) licenses J) scared N) trembleC) hesitant G) pressured K) sensitive O) worseD) inconvenience H) recommended L) sinkSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Is it really OK to eat food thats fallen on the floor?A When you drop a piece of food on the floor, is it really OK to eat you pick it up within five seconds? An urban food myth contends that if food spends just a few seconds on the floor, dirt and germs wont have much of a chance to contaminate it. Research in my lab has focused on how food becomes contaminated, and weve done some work on this particular piece of wisdom.B While the “five-second rule” might not seem like the most pressing issue for food scientists to get to the bottom of, its still worth investigating food myths like this one because they shape our beliefs about when food is safe to eat.C So is five seconds on the floor the critical threshold（门槛）that separates a piece of eatable food from a case of food poisoning? Its a bit more complicated than that. It depends on just how many bacteria can make it from floor to food in a few seconds and just how dirty the floor is.D Wondering if food is still OK to eat after its dropped on the floor is a pretty common experience. And its probably not a new one either. A well-known, but inaccurate, story about Julia Child may have contributed to this food myth. Some viewers of her cooking show, The French Chef, insist they saw Child drop lamb on the floor and pick it up, with the advice that if they were along in the kitchen, their guests would never know.E In fact it was a potato pancake, and it fell on the stovetop, not on the floor. Child put it back in the pain, saying. “But you can always pick it up and if youre alone in the kitchen, whos going to see it?” But the misremembered story persists. Its harder to pin down the origins of the oft-quoted five-second rule, but a 2003 study reported that 70% of women and 56% of men surveyed were familiar with the five-second rule and that women were more likely than men to eat food that had dropped on the floor.F So what does science tell us about what a few moments on the floor means for the safety of your food? The earliest research report on the five-second rule is attributed to Jillian Clarke, a high school student participating in are search apprenticeship at the University of Illinois. Clarke and her colleagues inoculated floor tiles with bacteria then placed food on the tiles for varying times. They reported bacteria were transferred from the tile to gummy bears and cookies within five seconds, but didnt report the specific amount of bacteria that made it from the tile to the food.G But how much bacteria actually transfer in five seconds? In 2007, my lab at Clemson University published a studythe only peer-reviewed journal paper on this topicin the Journal of Applied Microbiology. We wanted to know if the length of time food is in contact with a contaminated surface affected the rate of transfer of bacteria to the food. To find out, we inoculated squares of tile, carpet or wood with Salmonella. Five minutes after that, we placed either bologna or bread on the surface for 5, 30 or 60 seconds, and then measured the amount of bacteria transferred to the food. We repeated this exact protocol after the bacteria had been on the surface for two, four, eight and 24 hours.H We found that the number of bacteria transferred to either kind of food didnt depend much on how long the food was in contact with the contaminated surfacewhether for a few seconds or for a whole minute. The overall amount of bacteria on the surface mattered more, and this decreased over time after the initial inoculation. It looks like whats at issue is less how long your food stays on the floor and much more how contaminated with bacteria that patch of floor happens to be.I We also found that the kind of surface made a difference as well. Carpets, for instance, seem to be slightly better places to drop your food than wood or tile. When carpet was inoculated with Salmonella, less than 1% of the bacteria were transferred. But when the food was in contact with tile or wood, 48%-70%of bacteria transferred.J Last year, a study from Aston University in the UK used nearly identical parameters（参数）to our study and found similar results testing contact times of three and 30 seconds on similar surfaces. They also reported that 87% of people asked either would eat or have eaten food dropped on the floor.K Should you eat food fallen on the floor then? From a food safety standpoint, you have millions or more bacteria on a surface, 0.1% is still enough to make you sick. Also, certain types of bacteria are extremely harmful and it takes only a small number to make you sick. For example, 10 bacteria or less of an especially deadly strain of bacteria can cause severe illness and death in people with compromised immune systems. But the chance of these bacteria being on most surfaces is very low.L And its not just dropping food on the floor that can lead to bacterial contamination. Bacteria are carried by various “media,” which can include raw food, moist surfaces where bacteria has been left, our hands or skin and from coughing or sneezing. Hands, foods and utensils can carry individual bacterial cells, colonies of cells or cells living in communities contained within a protective film that provide protection. These microscopic layers of deposits containing bacteria are known as biofilms and they are found on most surfaces and objects. Biofilm communities can harbor bacteria longer and are very difficult to clean. Bacteria in these communities also have an enhanced resistance to sanitizers and antibiotics compared to bacteria living on their own.M So the next time you consider eating dropped food, the odds are in your favor that you can eat that morsel and not get sick. But in the rare chance