高考情态动词用法归纳(2).doc

高中情态动词用法归纳
1、情态动词 + v 表示对现在或将来动作的猜测。
情态动词 + have + p.p表示对过去动作的猜测
2、情态动词的过去式与原形相比，多点礼貌，少点冒昧，语气更为委婉。
3. 情态动词在一般疑问句中的回答：
① Can you sing? Yes, I can./No, I can’t.
② May I come in? Yes, you may./No, you mustn’t.
③ Must I handin the book now? Yes, you must./No, needn’t /don’t have to.
④ Need I finish it now? Yes, you must./No, you needn’t.
1. Can
1.表示能力 The parrot can speak three languages.
2.表示允许 Can I borrow the book from the library.
3.表示可能性 Shanghai can be very cold in March.
2. Can 与 be able to
Can 表示习惯能力，而be able to表示经过那里而做成了某事。
3. can./could + have +p.p
1.在否定、疑问句中表示“对过去发生行为 的可能性猜测。
2. 在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而未做
The door was lacked. She couldn’t have been at home.
You could have been more careful.
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1. May
1.表示可能性 She may be still waiting for us.
2.表示允许 May I come in?
3.表示祝愿 May you have a happy holiday.
2. may/might + have +p.p
在否定、肯定句中表示对过去动作的推测“也许是……”
He might have spoken to her yesterday.
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1. Must
1.表示肯定的猜测,但只用于肯定句，而mustn’t 表示“禁止、不准”
2. 表示主观的必须
3.偏偏，非要做， must you interrupt me on the phone?
2. Must 、have to与have got to
Must表示主观
Have to表示客观需求
Have got to 多见于口语
3. must + have +p.p 对过去事情的肯定猜测。
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1、Shall /should
1.第一、三人称疑问句中表示“请求或征求对方意见。 Shall I get you a cup of coffee?
2、第二、三人称陈述句中:1、允诺 2、命令/警告/威胁 “该回必须”3.在法律文件中必须
3、ought to/should + have +p.p 表示本应该做而未做。
You should have been five minutes ago.
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Will/ would
1、表示意愿 I’ll try my best to overcome the difficulty.
2、表示意图 What will you do?
3、表示请示Will you halp me to put these books in order?
4、表示习惯动作,倾向She will sit for hours without saying a word.
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Dare / dared
1、情态动词用于否定、疑问句；条件从句中。
Dare you go here alone?
How dare you do such follish things?
I won’t allow you to swim in the river, even if you dare do it.
2 、做实意动词后加不定式。
I have never dared to tell him about it.
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Need /needed
1、情态动词用于否定句，疑问句。
2、实意动词用法似dare,用作不定式。
3、need + not + have +p.p 表示“本来不需要做而做了。没有责备的意思
4.need doing/to be done (want.,require) 实意动词主动表被动
The house needs cleaning/to be cleaned.
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Ought to
1、其否定式为ought not to
2、ought to + have + p.p 表示本来应该做而没有做到。有责备的含义。
You ought not to have cut away the trees around the old building.
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情态动词+have done 对过去的推测
needn’t have done 表示做了本不必要做的事情,意为“本不必要…”
Our color TV set is still good enough. You needn’t have bought a new one.
must have done 对过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
can/could have done “本可以，本可能做某事”用于肯定句中，表示对过去做出的判断。
You could have had a better mark.
can/could not have done 对过去发生行为进行推测:不可能做某事
I saw him just now so he couldn’t have gone abroad.
might/may have done,表示对过去发生的动作进行可能性推测，
He might have read about the news in the newspaper. but I was not sure
should/ought to have done表示责备或批评,意为“本应该…但”,ought to的语气更强烈
You should/ought to have told her the truth earlier.
Would have done 表推测，过去将做了
He would have passed the test, if he had worked harder in the past.
Would/could/should/might have done 可以用在虚拟语气中
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