lesson1PubTalkandtheKing'sEnglish高英.pptx

Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the Kings EnglishAims1.To learn the methods in developing an expository writing,esp.the use of examples2.To know how to make a good conversation3.To learn the differences between“pub talk”and the Kings English4.To analyse the features of spoken English5.To appreciate the language features 3Teaching procedureIntroduction to the author Warming-up discussions Analysis of the type of writing The macro-structure of the textDetailed analysis Homework4 Henry Fairlie1924-1990British-Born Writer On American Politics (NY Times)political journalist and social critic The AuthorThe AuthoraBritishjournalistforThe Spectator,whichhejoinedin1955.BeforethathehadbeenafeaturewriterforThe Observer1948-50,andapoliticaleditorialwriterforThe Times1950-54.HewasalsoaregularcontributortoThe New Republicfromthemid-1970suntilhisdeathin1990.HerelocatedtotheUnitedStatesin1965toavoidaBritishlibel(诽谤)suit,forhavingcalledhisone-timeloverAntoniaFraserawhoreontelevision.The AuthorHecoinedthetermTheEstablishmentinhiscolumninThe Spectatoron23September,1955.Fairliewrote:By the“Establishment”,I do not only mean the centres of official powerthough they are certainly part of itbut rather the whole matrix of official and social relations within which power is exercised.The exercise of power in Britain(more specifically,in England)cannot be understood unless it is recognised that it is exercised socially.权利机构，社会关系网His worksHis worksThe Life of Politics,1969.The Kennedy Promise,1973.The Spoiled Child of the Western World:The Miscarriage of the American Idea in Our Time,1976.The Parties:Republicans and Democrats in This Century,1978.The Seven Deadly Sins Today,1978.A Journey into America,1985.(WithMaryGordonandAlexanderTheroux)The Revenge of Failure:The Culture of Envy and Rage,1994.Warm-upWhatisthenatureoflanguage?Howislanguagerelatedtoculture,politics,andsociety?9Pre-reading questionsPre-reading questionsWhatdoyouknowaboutpubs?Whatdoyouthinkisagoodconversation?Whatisyourviewon“theKingsEnglish”?Whatdoesthetitlefirstimpressyou?Isthetitleofthepieceaptlychosen?Canyougiveabettertitle?Thetitleofthispieceisnotwellchosen.ItmisleadsthereadersintothinkingthatthewriterisgoingtodemonstratesomeintrinsicorlinguisticrelationshipbetweenpubtalkandtheKingsEnglish.Whereasthewriter,inreality,isjustdiscoursingonwhatmakesgoodconversation.Thewriterfeelsthatbarconversationinapubhasacharmofitsownandillustrateshispointbydescribingthecharmingconversationhehadwithsomepeopleoneeveninginapubonthetopic“theKingsEnglish”.“TheArtofGoodConversation”,would,perhaps,havebeenabettertitleforthispiece.11 History of Britain(a history of invasions)1.Natives in Britain:Celts Language:Celt2.43AD,Roman Conquest,ruled for 400yrs Language:Latin3.449,Anglos,Saxons,Jutes from the Northwest Germany conquered most part of England Language:old English124.9th century,Scandinavian conquest Language:Danish5.11th century,Norman Conquest,400yrs Language:French6.British people conquered the conquerors Language:English won its recognition 13History of English Old English(7th-11th centuries)a combination of the native Celtic language,and the language of Jutes,Anglo-Saxons from Northern Europe Middle English(11th-15th centuries)a combination of English and French after the Norman Conquest(1066)Modern English(15th century-present)20th Century English During the 19th and early 20th centuries many dictionaries and books about language were published.New words are still being added to English from other languages,including Chinese(feng shui)and Japanese(karaoke).Existing words gain new senses,and new expressions spread quickly through television and the Internet.Englishisnowaninternationallanguageandisusedasameansofcommunicationbetweenpeoplefrommanycountries.AsaresulttheinfluencesontheEnglishlanguagearewiderthaneveranditispossiblethatWorldEnglishwillmoveawayfromusingaBritishorAmericanstandardandestablishitsowninternationalidentity.What do you think is the purpose of visiting a pub or making pub friends?A British PubAlong the bank of ThamesBritish PubnYou have to be 18 years old to order a drink in a pub.Some pubs will allow people over 14 years old to go inside if they are with someone who is over 18,but they are not allowed to go to the bar or to have an alcoholic drink.British PubnOpen:nSUMMER:Mon-Sat:12-11;Sun:12-10:30;nWINTER:Mon-Sat:5-11;Sun:12-10:30British PubnMostpubshavenowaiters-youhavetogotothebartobuydrinks.Agroupofyouthswaiting45minutesbeforetheyrealizedtheywouldhavetofetchtheirown.Thismaysoundinconvenient,butthereisahiddenpurpose.British PubnPubcultureisdesignedtopromotesociabilityinasocietyknownforitsreserve.Standingatthebarforserviceallowsyoutochatwithotherswaitingtobeserved.ThebarcounterispossiblytheonlysiteintheBritishIslesinwhichfriendlyconversationwithstrangersisconsideredentirelyappropriateandreallyquitenormalbehaviour.British PubnPubs,besidesofferingdrinksandfood,serveasplacesformeetingfriendsandforentertainment.Manyhave,forinstance,televisionsets,amusementmachinesandjuke-boxesandprovidefacilitiesforplayingdarts(飞镖飞镖),billiards(台球台球),dominoesandsimilargames.nSomealsoemploymusiciansforeveningentertainment,suchaspianoplaying,folksingingandmodernjazz.juke-boxes:amachinethatautomaticallyplaysaselectedmusicalrecordingwhenacoinisinserted.English BitternBitteristraditionalBritishbeer(alsoknownasale).Itisquitestrongandleavesabittertasteinyourmouthafterdrinking.Itisusuallyservedatroomtemperature.n-Light ales(ormild brews),containfewerhops(啤酒花)andarelessalcoholic.n-Strong aleshaveahighalcoholiccontentandastrongflavour.WinenWineisanincreasinglypopulardrinkintheUK.-house wine(redorwhite).nCiderisatraditionalEnglishalcoholicdrinkmadefromapples.nWhiskyisastrongdrinkproducedinScotlandandinIreland.DrinksnIn summertime a popular drink is Pimms and lemonade.This is a traditional cocktail of either Pimms Number 1(based on gin杜杜松子酒松子酒)or Pimms Number 6(based on vodka)together with ice,citrus(柑橘属柑橘属)fruits(lemon/orange/lime)and lemonade/ginger ale(干姜水干姜水).Cheese&onion crispsnItiscommontoaskforsnackstoeatwithyourdrink.nCommonsnacks:n-crispsn-peanutsn-smokybaconandbeef Pub friendsnBarfriendsarecompanions,notintimates.Theyarefriendsbutnotintimateenoughtobecuriousabouteachothersprivatelifeandthoughts.Pub friendsType of literature n1).Typeofliterature:apieceofexpositionn2).Thepurposeofapieceofexposition:-toinformorexplain,putforth,expoundwithverifiablefactsandvalidinformationsothatthereaderwillaccepthispointofvieworexplanation.Thereisgenerallya“thesisstatement”insuchwriting.n3).Waysofdevelopingthethesisofapieceofexposition:ncomparison,contrast,analogy,identification,illustration,analysis,definition,etc.Introduction to the PassagenWhat is the thesis statement?nThe thesis is expressed in the opening sentence“Conversation is the most sociable of all human activities”.nWhat is the main idea of the passage?nGeneral discussion on what makes good conversationDetailed study of the textnThetitle:aninterestingpubtalkwhichcenteredaroundthemeaningofthephrase“theKingsEnglish”.pubtalk:conversationheldinpublichouse.KingsEnglish(orQueensEnglish):SupposedlycorrectorstandardEnglish(esp.BritishEnglish)astogrammarandpronunciation.Conversationhumanactivities:nMorethananyotherhumanactivity,conversationhelpstopromoteanagreeable,pleasantandinformalrelationshipamongpeople.sociable:friendly or agreeable;willing to talk and engage in activities with others.eg.Being a sociable person,Eva loves entertaining.The Smiths are a sociable family.a sociable party 社交聚会社交聚会Anditisanactivityonlyofhumansn-Andconversationisanactivitywhichisfoundonlyamonghumanbeings.(Animalsandbirdsarenotcapableofconversation).Howeverintricatenameofconversation:intricate:very complicated or detailed.eg.an intricate network of canals.However intricate:nomatterhowintricateCommunicate:togiveorchangeinformation,signalsormessagesinanyway.Deserve the name of:tohavetherighttobecalled;beworthyofthenameofnindulge:givewaytoonesowndesireeg.Dont indulge yourself too freely with liquors.nindulgein:allowtoenjoy;becomeinvolvedineg.Occasionally he indulged in the luxury of a good cigar.I dont indulge in idle gossip.nindulgence:n.theactionorfactsofindulgingeg.Constant indulgence in gambling brought about his ruins.nHowtounderstandthewholesentence?nNomatterhowcomplicatedthemannerinwhichanimalsmakeknowntheirintentionstoeachother,theydonotgoinforanyactivitywhichmightbecalledconversation.nPara.1.1)Whatsthemainideaofthisparagraph?2)Paraphrasethefirstsentence.Para.21)Whatisthemainideaofthisparagraph?whatmakesagoodconversation1)How do you understand “meander,leap,sparkle,and glow”?44Mixed metaphornStream:meander:flowslowlyturninghereandthere;flowplacidlyandaimlessly leap:jumpover;flowquicklyandjoyouslyonwardsnFire:sparkle:burnbrightlywithflashesoflight.glow:burnsteadilywithoutflamenmeander/sparkle -smooth/peacefulnleap/glow -exciting/heatednWhatdoesthissentencemean?nItdoesnotneedaspecialtopictostartaconversation.Anythingmaystartagoodconversation.Andoncestartednooneknowshoworwhereitwillend.Thatswhyconversationisdelightfulandcharming.2)What are some characteristics of good conversation?nstarts from anywhere at any time,goes freely(Sent.1-2)nis not for convincing others(Sent.3-4)nrequires no winners(Sent.5)nA good conversationalist lets the conversation go freely(Sent.6-8)nTheenemy“somethingtosay”:nGoodconversationisgenerallyspoiltbypeoplewhothinktheyhavealotofimportantthingstosay.nConversationisnotformakingapoint:nConversationisnotforpersuadingotherstoacceptourideaorpointofview.Inaconversationweshouldnottrytoestablishtheforceofanideaorargument.make a point n-proveeffectivelytruthofonesstatementbyargumentorinsomeotherway.立论；证明观点nThis is the first point I want to make.nIn this case he made a point.n在这一点上，他发表了自己的观点。nThereisnowinninginconversationnInaconversation,onedoesnottrytoproveoneselfrightandtheotherswrong.Wemayarguebutweneednttrytoconvinceothersthattheyarewrongandweareright.nInfact,thebestconversationalistsnInfact,apersonwhoisskilledatconversationwillnotarguetowinorforceotherstoaccepthispointofview.in a flash-in a secondnIn a flash he realized that they were presents from his patients.nEverything happened in a flash.na flash in the pan (昙花一现）昙花一现）They are ready to let it go.n-Theyarereadytogiveuptheopportunitytotelloneoftheirbestanecdotes(becausetheconversationhasmovedontoothersubjects)Upbringing-the training and education received while growing upnHis upbringing explains a lot about his attitude towards women.Thisisanexaggerationoftheauthorforhedidntgrowupinapub.Hewasonlyafrequenterofpubs.of ones own-belong strictly to oneselfnShe has a mind of her own.她颇有主见。她颇有主见。nFor reasons of his own,he refused to join the club.nHowtounderstandthewholesentence?nPerhapsitisbecauseIvespentsomuchofmytimeinEnglishpubsthatIthinkbarconversationhasaspecialcharm.nBarfriendsarenotdeeplyinvolvedineachotherslives.nPeoplewhomeeteachotherforadrinkinapubarenotintimatefriendsfortheyarenotdeeplyabsorbedineachotherslives.nThefactthatnotaconcern:nItisnotamatterofinterestorimportanceiftheirmarriagesarebreakingup,ortheirloveaffairshavebrokenortheyarejustcrossorgrouchy.nontherocks:metaphor,comparingamarriagetoashipwreckedontherocks;(tobeinaconditionofruinorcatastrophe)non the rocks-8 infml clich1.wrecked or ruinednMr.Jones business was on the rocks.=His business was losing money and almost ruined.82.with ice onlynSally ordered an orange juice on the rocks.=Sally ordered an orange juice with ice cubes.nMarriage is compared to a ship wrecked on the rocks.ontherolls在名单上在名单上ontherunadv.跑着跑着,逃跑逃跑,奔走奔走,被通辑着被通辑着onthespotadv.当场当场,在危险中在危险中,处于负责地位处于负责地位Ancient superstitions:1.getoutofbedonthewrongsidegetuponthewrongsideofthebednanidiomaticexpression.Itmeanstobecrossorinabadtemperfortheday.Themeaningisperhapsderivedfromtheexpression:Yougotoutofbedthewrongway.Itwasanancientsuperstitionthatitwasunluckytosettheleftfootonthegroundfirstgettingoutofbed.nGettingoutofbedonthewrongsidewillbringyoubadluck.Thewrongsideisusuallytheleftside.Whenonegetoutofbedonthewrongside,itusuallymeansyoureinthebadmood.nGobacktobedandgetupontherightside.2.“Steponaspider.itissuretorain”nThissuperstitionistoldtoallchildren,becausenoonewantsittorain.Spidersgenerallylivealongandhealthylife.3.Thenumber13hasoftenbeenthoughttobeabadomen.Peopleshouldneverinvite“13”gueststodinner.Itisbelievedthatonewilldiebeforetheyearisout.4.Fridaythe13thisdaytostayathomeanddonothing.Itisdoublyunlucky,whenthe13thofthemonthfallsonaFriday.Badthingswillhappen.Manypeoplerefrainfromstartingactivitiesonthe13thtomakesurenoevilwillhappentothem.nTheyarelikemusketeersandfeelings:nasimile.ThethreemusketeersinDumasnovelwereveryclosefriends.Theysupportedeachotherwiththeirfortuneandtheirlives,yettheyshowednocuriosityin,nortriedtofindoutanythingabouteachothersprivatelives.Barfriends,likewise,donotprobedeepintoeachotherslivesnordotheytrytofindouttheinmostthoughtsandfeelingsoftheirdrinkingcompanions.ndelve:metaphor,(archaic)todigwithaspade.Hereitmeanstoinvestigateforinformation;tosearchenergeticallyndelve into the book 钻研书本钻研书本ndelve into the past 调查过去的情况调查过去的情况nIf you delve into sth,you try to discover new information about it.ntherecessesof:theinnerhiddenpartsofDumasandTheThreeMusketeers AlexandreDumas(1802-1870)wasoneofthemostfamousFrenchwritersofthe19thcentury.DumasisbestknownforhistoricaladventurenovelslikeThe Three Musketeers andThe Count of Monte Cristo,bothwrittenwithinthespaceoftwoyears,1844-45,andwhichbelongtothefoundationworksofpopularculture.Hewasamongthefirst,alongwithBalzac,whofullyusedthepossibilitiesofromanfeuilleton(通俗文艺作品).nDumasiscreditedwithrevitalizingthehistoricalnovelinFrance,althoughhisabilitiesasawriterwereunderdisputefromthebeginning.Dumasworksarefast-pacedadventuretalesthatblendhistoryandfiction.DumasdelightedreadersinmanycountrieswithhishighlyromanticnovelsimmortalizingtheadventuresofthethreemusketeersandtheCountofMonteCristo.Boththesenovelshavehadenormouspopularityandhavebeentranslatedintonearlyeverylanguage.nHeisbestknownforhisadventureandactionpackedhistoricalnovelslikeThe Count of Monte Cristo,The Three Musketeers and The Man in the Iron Mask.Para.31.Whatsthemainideaofthisparagraph?2.Explainthemetaphoricalmeaningof“ontherocks”andtheidiomaticexpression“getuponthewrongsideofthebed”.4.Whydoesthewriterlikebarconversationsomuch?5.Paraphrase“Barfriendsarenotdeeplyinvolvedineachotherslives”desultory (fml)-donewithoutanyparticularplanorpurpose.nSomethingthatisdesultoryisdoneorhappeninanunplannedanddisorganizedway,andwithoutenthusiasm.nThere were some desultory attempts to defend him.nHe began to look desultorily for another apartment.n a conversation 漫谈漫谈n research 漫无边际的研究漫无边际的研究n a walk 漫步漫步commonplaceadj.-ordinary,commonnDisposable cigarette lighters are commonplace.nAir travel has now become.nn.In earlier centuries the death of children was a commonplace.alchemy-magic transformation1.theformofchemistrystudiedintheMiddleAges,whichwasespeciallyconcernedwithtryingtodiscoverwaystochangeordinarymetalsintogold.2.aliteraryuse,thepowertodosth.sowellthatitseemsmysteriousandmag