一般过去时精讲.doc

一般过去时精讲

作者：远离尘嚣 QQ：524761191
一般过去时精讲
一、一般过去时表示的意义：
1、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, in 1990, two days ago等。
如：I got up at 6:30 yesterday. 我昨天6:30起床。【动作】
She was at home last night.. 她昨天晚上在家。【状态】
2、表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often, always等表示频度的时间状语连用。
如：He always went to work by bus last year. 去年他一直乘公共汽车上班。
二、一般过去时的构成：
㈠ 含有be动词的一般过去时的主结构：
主语+was/were+表语

【常用的四种结构】
1、肯定句：主语+was/were+表语。
例如：His father was very busy last week. 他父亲上周很忙。
They were at home last night.. 他们昨天晚上在家。
2、否定句：主语+was/were+not+表语。
例如：His father was not very busy last week. 他父亲上周不是很忙。
They were not at home last night.. 他们昨天晚上不在家。
3、一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+表语。
例如：Was his father very busy last week. 他父亲上周很忙。
Were they at home last night.. 他们昨天晚上在家吗？
4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其它?
例如：How was his father last week? 他父亲上周怎么样？
Where were they last night? 他们昨天晚上在哪？
【注意】
①主语为第一人称单数或第三人称单数时，用was,其它人称一律用were.
②变成否定句时，只需在was/were后直接加not就行了。
③变成一般疑问句时，只需把was/were提到主语前面即可。
④变成特殊疑问句时，一般是特殊疑问词后加一般疑问句，如果特殊疑问词是who，不用改变原句的语序。
如：His father was very busy last week.（画线提问）
→How was his father last week? （先选特殊疑问词how,然后把剩下的部分变成一般疑问句语序，即把His father was last week变成was his father last week）
His father was very busy last week.（画线提问）
→Who was very busy week?（只需用特殊疑问词who替换掉原句中的主语his father即可，不必考虑其它方面。）
㈡含有实义动词（行为动词）的一般过去时的主结构：
主语+动词的过去时+其它

【常用的四种结构】
1、肯定句：主语+动词的过去时+其它。
例如：He played basketball yesterday.他昨天打篮球。
I got up at 6:30 yesterday. 我昨天6:30起床。
2、否定句：主语+did+not+动词原形+其它。【did not缩写为didn’t】
例如：He didn’t play basketball yesterday.他昨天没打篮球。
I didn’t get up at 6:30 yesterday. 我昨天6:30没起床。
3、一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？
例如：Did he play basketball yesterday ?他昨天打篮球了吗？
Did you get up at 6:30 yesterday ?你昨天6:30起床是吗？
4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?
例如：What did he play yesterday ?他昨天玩的是什么？
What time did you get up yesterday ?你昨天几点起床？
【注意】
①谓语动词为实义动词时，不受主语限制，用对动词的过去时形式就可以。
②不论主语是什么人称，在变成否定句时，只需在主语与谓语动词之间加上didn’t,并把后面的谓语动词由过去时形式变成动词原形。
③在变成一般疑问句时，只需在原句前加上助动词did，并把后面的谓语动词由过去时形式变成动词原形。
④在变成特殊疑问句时，除了提问句子的主语不用更改原句的语序，提问其它成分要把原句变成一般疑问句语序。
如：He played basketball yesterday.（画线提问）
→Who played basketball yesterday.（提问句子的主语，只需用who替换原句中的主语he即可。）
He played basketball yesterday.（画线提问）
→What did he play yesterday?（提问句子的宾语，用特殊疑问词what,然后把剩下的部分变成一般疑问句语序，即把He played yesterday变成did he play yesterday）

三、动词过去时形式的构成：
（一）系动词be 的过去式有两种形式：was 和were。其中was 是am和is的过去式，were 是are的过去式。
（二）实义动词（行为动词）的过去时分规则动词的过去时和不规则动词的过去时两种。
规则动词的过去时见下表：
原形
过去时
构成规则
look
looked
一般情况下在动词原形的末尾加-ed.
play
played
start
started
live
lived
结尾是e的动词，在后面直接加-d.
hope
hoped
use
used
stop
stopped
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed.
plan
planned
study
studied
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变“y”为“i”，再加-ed.
carry
carried
worry
worried
【注意】规则动词的过去式构成方法可用以下口诀来记忆：
过去式构成有规律，一般词尾加—ed
如果词尾有个e（不发音的），只需直接加上—d 。
“辅音字母＋y ”在词尾，变y为i加—ed 。
“一辅重闭”作尾巴，双写之后加—ed 。
不规则动词的过去时需单独记忆：下面是一些常见的过去时。
am/is-was are-were do-did say-said eat-ate see-saw go-went make-made
run-ran take-took teach-taught tell-told write-wrote put-put buy-bought
bring-brought come-came sit-sat know-knew get-got catch-caught become-became begin-began have/has-had hear-heard
四、一般过去时使用口诀
　　一般过去时并不难，过去动作、状态记心间。
　　动词要用过去式，时间状语句末站。
　　否定句很简单，didn't 站在动原前，其它部分不要变。
　　一般疑问句也好变，did放在句子前，主语、动原、其它部分依次站。
　　特殊疑问句也简单，疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。
最后一条请注意，动词过去式要牢记！
五、一般过去时常用句式转换：
1、He played basketball on the playground yesterday.昨天他在操场上打篮球。（变成否定句）
→He didn’t play basketball on the playground yesterday.
【在主语和谓语动词之间加didn’t,谓语动词由过去时形式变成动词原形。】
2、He played basketball on the playground yesterday.变成一般疑问句
→Did he play basketball on the playground yesterday.
【在原句前加上助动词did,谓语动词由过去时变成动词原形。】
3、He played basketball on the playground yesterday.画线提问
→What did he play on the playground yesterday?
【分两步来做：一是先选准特殊疑问词，二是把剩下的部分变成一般疑问句。】
4、He played basketball on the playground yesterday.画线提问
→Where did he play basketball yesterday?
【分两步来做：一是先选准特殊疑问词，二是把剩下的部分变成一般疑问句。】
5、He played basketball on the playground yesterday.画线提问
→When did he play basketball on the playground?
【分两步来做：一是先选准特殊疑问词，二是把剩下的部分变成一般疑问句。】
6、He played basketball on the playground yesterday.画线提问
→What did he do on the playground yesterday?
【此题提问的是谓语动词及其宾语，用特殊疑问词what来提问，后面紧跟着助动词did，再加上原句主语，千万要注意，谓语动词处一定要用do，最后加上其它成分。】
7、He played basketball on the playground yesterday.画线提问
→Who played basketball on the playground yesterday?
【提问句子主语最简单：只需用特殊疑问词who换掉原句中的主语即可。】
六、巩固练习：
（一）写出下列动词的过去式。
1.am／is ________ 2.do _______ 3.go ________ 4.have _______
5.isn’t _________ 6. aren’t ________ 7.spend________ 8.cook_______
9.read ________ 10.clean _______ 11.live _______ 12.study_________
（二）用适当的词完成下列对话。
1.— How was your weekend? — It ______ great.
— What _______ you ______ last weekend ? — I _______ some homework.
2.— What ______ she ______ last weekend? — She _______ to the beach.
3.— What _______ they do last weekend? — They ________ to the movies.
（三）用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. We _________ (enjoy) ourselves at the party last night.
2.Jack ____________ (study) for the English test last Sunday.
3._______ you ______ (go) to the Great Wall last year?
4. What day _______ (be) it yesterday?
5.The old man _______(be)ill and went to see a doctor.
6.We ________ (have) a party last night.
7.We __________ (visit) the museum and went home.
8.— How _______ (be) the students? — They were very friendly.
9.He often _______ (have) supper at home. Today he ______ (have) supper at school.
10.We had great fun _______ (play) in the water.
11.That made me ______ (feel) very happy.
12.— ______ he _______ (have) lunch at nine? — No, he didn’t.
13.They _________(buy) a guitar yesterday.
（四）句型转换。
1. He came here last month. (改为否定句) He _______ _______ here last month.
2.They played football this morning. (改为一般疑问句并作简略回答)
—______ they _______ football this morning?
—Yes, they _______.／No, they _________ .
3.They went to Beijing last year. (就划线部分提问)
_________ _________ they ________ last year.
4.Tom watched TV last night. (改为一般疑问句) _______ Tom _______ TV last night?
5.Mary does homework every day. (用 last night 改写句子)
Mary ________ ____________ _________ ________ .

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