高一英语语法大全.docx

本文格式为Word版，下载可任意编辑高一英语语法大全 高一英语语法是学习整个高中英语语法的开头，也关系到整个高中英语语法的基础好坏，那么高一英语语法有哪些内容呢?下面由学习啦我为大家整理的高一英语语法大全，期望对大家有所关怀! 高一英语语法大全 虚拟语气在各种从句的应用 主语从句的虚拟 1. It is + adj. + that sb. (should) do 常见的形容词有：necessary, important, strange, natural Its important that he take my advice. 2. It is + n. + that sb. (should) do 常见的名词有：a pity, a shame, no wonder, ones wish Its a pity that he be so silly. 3. It is + done + that sb. (should) do 常见的过去分词有：suggested, advised, demanded, requested, required, asked, ordered, proposed, decided, desired, insisted等。 Its requested that she go home as soon as possible. 宾语从句的虚拟 1. 表指令，表建议，表要求的动词，后接宾语从句虚拟。虚拟的构成为(should) do。 I advise that he stay at home. 2. wish后接从句，虚拟的构成是往过去推一个时态。 I wish I had watched the football match last night. 留意以下几组词或短语用于虚拟语气中。 1. as if, as though He speaks English as if he were a native speaker. 2. otherwise, but, even though He was ill. Otherwise he would have been there. 3. with, without, but for Without your help, I would have died two years ago. But for your help, I would have died two years ago. 4. would rather Id rather you told me yourself. 5. Its time that Its time that you went to bed. Its time that you should go to bed. 表语从句中的虚拟 在表语从句中，表示间接的指令，要求、恳求、建议、确定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是(should)+动词原形。如： His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once. 名词从句部分 1. that不行省略的状况 2. that引导同位语从句和that引导定语从句的区分：同位语从句中的that是连词，不做成分，只连接主从句，不能省略;定语从句中的that要代替先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或者表语，并且做宾语时可以省略。从语义上看，同位语从句是对前面名词的解释、说明或内容;而定语从句时对前面名词的限定。 We should consider the studentsrequest that the school library provide more books on popular science. (that引导同位语从句) The only hope that he expressed was that they would do what they could to help the people in disaster areas. (that引导定语从句) 3. 要依据句子结构尤其是谓语动词推断从句的类型： What is known to us all is that the 2021 Olympic Games took place in Beijing. 本句含有一个主语从句和一个表语从句，主句的动词为is。 It is known to us all that the 2021 Olympic Games took place in Beijing. 本句含有一个主语从句，主句的动词为is known to。 As is known to us all, the 2021 Olympic Games took place in Beijing. 本句含有一个定语从句，主句的动词为took place，as引导非限制性定语从句。 4. 名词性从句的语序和语态。 名词性从句均应用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序，其时态应当和主句时态保持全都。 5. 名词性从句中连词的省略。 介词后的连词以及引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不行省略。that引导名词从句(除了引导第一个宾语从句可省略外)都不行省略，但是引导定语从句并在从句中做宾语时可以省略。 that不能省略的状况： 1)介词后面的that不能省略： Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless. 2)当that引导的宾语从句位于句首时： That he ever did such a thing I dont believe. 3)主句谓语动词和that从句之间有插入语，that不省略： She said that, if she failed, she would try again. 4)当宾语从句有其他附属连词时，that不省略： He told me that if it was necessary they would work extra time. 6.名词性从句中it的使用： 为了保持句子平衡，多数状况下，it作形式主语或形式宾语，将真正的主语或宾语从句后置。 定语从句 关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that, as,和关系副词when, where, why。 (1)that指物时一般可与which互换，但在以下状况下，要用that而不用which。 a. 先行词有all, everything等不定代词时，如， Everything (that) he did is wrong. b. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时，如， Ill read all the books (that) you lend me. c. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时， This is the first letter (that) the boy has written. d. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时，如 He is the very man (that) Im looking for. e. 只用which的状况 在介词后或在非限定性定语从句中 This is the book about which we have talked a lot. The book, which he gave me yesterday, is very interesting. f. where和when作关系副词 This is the room where I worked. This is the room which I stayed in. I remembered the day when we lived there. I remembered the day that I spent there. g. as和which as 可以放于句首，而which 不行以 As you know, he is good at English. three of them 和three of which I have a lot of books, three of which are in Russian. I have a lot of books and three of them are in Russian. (2. )介词+关系代词的状况： 在固定短语中介词不能提前;推断介词的口诀：瞻前顾后看意义 瞻前看先行词;顾后找从句动词;看意义看全句表达含义 (3. )先行词在从句中充当地点状语时，关系词用where 或者介词加which;先行词在从句中充当时间状语时，关系词用when或者介词加which;先行词在从句中充当缘由状语时，关系词用why或者for which。 (4. )留意as和which在非限制性定语从句中代表主句所表达的内容的区分： 位置不同：as从句放在主句前或后均可;而which从句只能放在主句后 作用不同：as从句动词经常是see know等，因此相当于插入语;which从句则在陈述一件事实。 状语从句部分 1.while 是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示尽管。 2. no matter wh- 与wh-ever 的联系及区分：no matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句，此时与wh-ever通用。wh-ever又可引导名词性从句，No matter wh-不能。 No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should be invited to the party. 3. 在条件，时间和让步从句中，用一般如今时表示一般将来时，用如今完成时表将来完成时， 用一般过去时表过去将来时。在since 引导的时间状语从句中，动词一般都用一般过去时，而主句常用如今完成时。 4. 状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种状况：否认词开头;so 加adj. 开头;as / though引导的让步状语从句。 5. 连词before小结： We had sailed four days before we saw land. (才) We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. (不到就) Please write it down before you forget it. (趁) Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. (还没来得及) It will be/wasbefore要过多久才 6. because, since, as 引导缘由从句的区分：because表达直接缘由，语气最强，回答why; since通常放句首，译为既然;as引导不谈自明的缘由，语气最弱; 7. as可以引导多种从句，要留意其中的区分。 8. till, until和notuntil的区分;if和unless的区分。 非谓语动词部分 动词不定式几点留意。 1.以下动词或动词短语后接不定式：agree, seem, appear, offer, happen, wish, hope, pay, expect, long, plan, intend, promise, pretend, decide, afford, manage, choose, be said to, would like to等。 2. 不定式常用的句型：tooto do (太而不能), enough to do(够就能 ), so as to do/in order to do(为了)，soas to do/suchas to do(如 此结果)。 3. 不定式的三个结构：即否认结构、复合结构和疑问结构。 否认结构为not (never) to do;疑问结构是特殊疑问词how (what, which, who, whether) to do;复合结构是for/ of +名词(或代词宾格)+ to do 。 4. let/ make/ have/ see/ hear/ notice/ observe/ listen to/ look at/ watch/feel 这些动词带不定式作宾补时，省掉to, 若这些动词以被动形式消灭时，应加上to。 5. 当前面是the first, the second, the last, need, plan, time, chance, right,determination, ability, opportunity(机会)，way时，一般用不定式作定语。 6. but/ except + to do/ do 结构，要依据谓语动词来确定其后面的形式。当谓语动词是do, does, did时，but后用动词原形;谓语动词是其他动词时，but后用to + 动词原形的形式。 7. 形容词后一般用不定式(除busy, worth 两个外)。 You are sure to succeed. 你确定能成功。 He is busy preparing his lessons at present. 他如今正忙于预习功课。 8. 不定式作定语和表语时，有时需要在后面放上一个适当的介词。 This is a bench to sit on.(这是用来坐的凳子。) This room is comfortable to live in. (这个房间住起来很舒适。) 9. 在主语+系动词+adj.+不定式这个句型中，当主语是不定式的规律宾语时，不定式不用被动，不能在动词后再放宾语。 The question is easy to answer. (question是answer的宾语，不能说：The question is easy to be answered. 也不能说：The question is easy to answer it .) 包含高中英语全部语法的13个句型 1. as 句型 (1) as引导方式状语从句句型：依据;正如 例：As(it is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south. 正如(像) 你们国家一样，我们北方种植小麦，南方种植水稻。 (2) as+形容词/副词原级+(a /an)+名词+as ; 否认式：not as/so - as 例：He is as good a player as his sister. 他和他姐姐一样是位优秀的运动员。 (3) such + n. + as to do 如此以致于 例：She is such a fool as to believe what he said. 她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致信任了他所说的话。 (4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此以致于 例：He was so strong as to carry the heavy box. 他是如此的强壮以致于能提起那重箱子。 (5) such.as. 象之类的 (接名词或定语从句) 例：He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was. 他期望成为一个像雷锋这样的人。 (6) the same +名词+as 和一样的 (接名词或定语从句) 例：He is not the same man as he used to be. 他不是从前的那样子了。 (7) as 引导非限制性定语从句 例：As is known to us, knowledge is power. 众所周知，学问就是力气。 (8)引导时间状语从句，与while意义相近 例：We get wiser as we get older. 随着我们长大，我们也变得越来越聪慧。 (9) 引导缘由状语从句，与 because的用法相近 例：As it was getting very late, we soon turned back. 由于越来越迟了，所以我们不久就回来了。 (10) 引导让步状语从句 例：Child as he is, he knows much about science. 尽管他是一个小孩，但他对科学了解得很多。 2. prefer 句型 (1) prefer to do sth 例：I prefer to stay at home. 我宁愿呆在家里。 (2) prefer doing sth 例：I prefer playing in defence. 我宠爱打防守。 (3) prefer sb to do sth 例：Would you prefer me to stay? 你情愿我留下来吗? (4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿.而不愿. 例句：I prefer to stay at home rather than go out. 我宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去. (5) prefer doing sth to doing sth 例：I prefer watching football to playing it. 我宠爱看篮球，不宠爱打篮球。 (6) prefer sth to sth 例：I prefer tea to coffee. 我要茶不要咖啡。 3. when 句型 (1) was/were doing sth.when. 例：He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. 他正笑着的时候门突然开了，他妻子走了进来。 (2) was/were about to do sth . when . 例：We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们刚要动身，天就开头下雨了。 (3) had just done . when . 例：I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang. 在劳累了一天之后我刚刚就寝，电话铃就响了。 4. seem 句型 (1) It +seems + that从句 例：It seemed that everyone was satisfied. 看来好像每个人都很满足。 (2) It seems to sb that . 例：It seems to me that she is right. 我看她是对的， (3) There seems to be . 例：There seems to be a heavy rain. 看上去要有一场大雨。 (4) It seems as if . 例：It seemed that she couldnt come to class. 看样子她不能来上课了。 5. 表示相差; 增加了; 增加到的句型 (1) She is taller than I by three inches. 她比我高三英寸 (2) There is one year between us. 我们之间相差一岁。 (3) She is three years old than I. 她比我大三岁。 (4) They have increased the price by 50%. 他们把价格上涨了50% (5) His salary has rised to 10,000 yuan per month. 他的工资已经涨到了每月10,000元。 6. what 引导的名词性从句 (1) what 引导主语从句 例：What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her. 让我惊异的是每个人好像对她都很冷淡。 indifferent adj.不关怀的;冷漠的 (2) what 引导宾语从句 例：We can learn what we do not know. 我们能学会我们不懂的东西。 (3) what 引导表语从句 例：That is what I want. 那正是我所要的。 (4) what 引导同位语从句 例：I have no idea what they are talking about. 我不知道他们正在谈论什么。 7. too句型 (1) too . to do . 例：Politics is too important to be left to the politicians.(=Politics is so important that it cant be left to the politicians.) 政治太重要了，不能由政治家来确定。 (2) only too . to do . 例：I shall be only too pleased to get home. 我要回到家里就特殊兴奋。 (3) too + adj + for sth 例：These shoes are much too small for me. 我穿这双鞋太小了。 (4) too + adj + a + n. 例：This is too difficult a text for me. 这篇课文对我来说太难了。 (5) cant too +形容词 无论也不为过 例：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调疼惜眼睛的重要性也不为过。 8. where 句型 (1) where 引导的定语从句 例：This is the house where he lived last year. 这就是他去年住过的房子。 (2) where 引导的状语从句 例：Where there is a will，there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 He left his key where he could find. 他将钥匙放在易找到的地方。 I will go where I want to go. 我要去我想去的地方。 (3) where 引导的表语从句 例：This is where you are wrong. 这正是你错的地方。 9. wish 句型 (1) wish that sb did sth 期望某人如今做某事 例：I wish I were as strong as you. 我期望和你一样强壮。 (2) wish that sb had done sth 期望某人过去做某事 例： I wish you had told me earlier 要是你早点告知我就好了。 (3) wish that sb would/could do sth 期望某人将来做某事 例：I wish you would succeed this time. 我期望你这次会成功。 10. would rather 句型 (1) would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿做而不愿做 例：She would rather die than turn against his motherland. 她宁可死也不去背叛祖国。 (2) would rather have done sth 宁愿过去做过某事 例：I would rather have taken his advice. 我宁愿过去接受他的意见。 (3) would rather sb had done sth 宁愿某人过去做过某事 例：I would rather I had passed the examination last week. 我真期望通过上星期的考试。 (4) would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人如今或将来做某事 例： Who would you rather went with you? 你宁愿谁和你一起去? 11. before 句型 (1) before sb can/ could 某人还没来得及 例：Before I could get in a word ，he had measured me. 我还没来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。 (2) It will be +时间+ before + 还有多长时间 例：It will be 4 years before he graduates. 他还有四年时间变毕业了。 (3) had done some time before (才) 例：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 我们航行了四天四夜才见到陆地。 (4) had not done . before . 不到就 例：We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. 我们还没走到一英里路就觉得累了。 (5) It was not +一段时间+ before 不多久就 例：It wasnt two years before he left the country. 还没到两年他们离开了那国家。 12. 强调句型 (1) It is /was +被强调部分+that(who). 例：It was I who wrote to my uncle yesterday. 是我昨天给我叔叔写信的。 (2) Is/was it + 被强调部分 + that (who) . 例：Was it your brother that you met in the street? 在街上你遇见的是你兄弟吗? (3) Where/who/what/how等特殊疑问词 + is/was it that . 例：How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow? 明天你到底怎样去探望她? (4) do/does/did +谓语动词 (强调谓语) 例：They do know the place well. 他们的确很生疏那个地方。 13. 用于表示过去未实现的期望和打算的句型 (1)would like to/ would love to have done sth. 例：I would like to have written to you. 我本想给你写信的。 (2) was / were going to do sth.(用过去将来时态表示原预备做什么) 例：Lucy was going to watch a basketball match. Lucy 原预备看一场篮球竞赛。 第 15 页 共 15 页