神经外科英文词汇.doc

一、 神经系统解剖生理单词音标释义diaphragma sallaedafrm s:l鞍膈dorsal thalamusd:rsl lms背侧丘脑brachial plexusbrekrlplkss臂丛limbic system lmbksstm边缘系统limbic lobe lmbklob 边缘叶fasciculus gracilisfskjlsgrsls薄束gracicle nucleusgrslnjukls薄束核lateral ventricleltrlvntrkl侧脑室terochlear nucleustrklr车神经核ulnar nervelnn:rv尺神经cerebrumsri:brm大脑，脑组织Cerebal arterialcirclesribrlrtrils:rkl大脑动脉环posterior cerebral arteryp:strisri:brl:rtri大脑后动脉internal cerebral veinsnt:rnlven大脑内静脉cerebral cortexk:rteks大脑皮质anteriorcerebral arteryntri(r)大脑前动脉cerebrocerebellum serbroserbelm大脑小脑middle cerebral artery midl大脑中动脉insula nsjl岛叶subthalamussblems底丘脑sacral plexus sekrlplkss骶丛third ventriclevntrkl第三脑室fourth ventricle 第四脑室ectospinal tracttektspnltrkt顶盖脊髓束pretectal areapri:tektl顶盖前区parietal lobepratllob顶叶oculomotor nucleus kjlmot动眼神经accessory nucleus of oculomotor kssrikjlmot动眼神经副核oculomotor nucleus动眼神经核lentiform nucleuslentf:m 豆状核telencephalon telensefln端脑frontal lobefrntl:额叶parasympathetic nerveprsmpetk副交感神经accessory nerve kssri副神经accessory nueleus 副神经核radiculomedullaryrdkjlmdlr 根髓动脉femoral nerve femrl股神经chorda tympanik:dtmpn鼓索hippocampal formation hpkmpl海马构造parahippocampal gyrusp:r:pokmpldars海马旁回cavernous sinuskvrnssans海绵窦Substantia nigrasbstnrngr黑质Red nucleus红核Rubrospinal tractrju:brspnltrkt红核脊髓束Posterior communicating arteryp:stri后交通动脉metathalamusmetlms后丘脑Posterior funiculusfju:nkjls后索Trochlear nervetrklr滑车神经Basilar sinusbslsans基底窦Basilar artery基底动脉Basal nucleibesl, -zl基底核Spinal nervespanl脊神经Posterior Spinal artery脊髓后动脉Anterior Spinal artery脊髓前动脉Spinothalamic tractspanlmi:k脊髓丘脑束spinocerebellumspanosrbelm脊髓小脑Posterior spinocerebellar tractspanosrbel脊髓小脑后束Anterior spinocerebellar tract脊髓小脑前束diencephalondaensefln间脑Sympathetic trunksmptktrk交感干Sympathetic nerve交感神经Cervical plexuss:rvkl颈丛Interinalcarotid arterykrtd颈内动脉Cervical enlargementnl:rdmnt颈膨大Tibial nervetbrl胫神经paleocerebellunpeli:oserbelm旧小脑Commissural fiberskmrlfab连合纤维Association fiberssoien联络纤维Cauda equinakad马尾Vagus nervevegs迷走神经Dorsal nucleus of Vagus nerved:rsl迷走神经背核Facial nervefel面神经nucleus of Facial nerve面神经核Brain stembrenstm脑干Reticular formation of the brain stemrtkjlf:rmen脑干网状构造Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)spanlflud脑脊液Meningeal sinusmnndrlsans脑膜窦ponspnz脑桥Cerebral arachnoid materrknd脑蛛网膜Medial lemniscusmi:dillemnsks内侧丘系Medial geniculate bodydnkjlt内侧膝状体Medial longitudinal fasciculusl:ndtu:dnlfskjls内侧纵束Internal capsulekpsul内囊Visceral motor nervevsrlmot(r)内脏运动神经Temporal lobetemprl额叶Corticonuclear tractk:tknu:kli(r)皮质核束Corticospinal tractk:tkspnl皮质脊髓束Corpus callosumk:rpsk:losm胼胝体claustrumkl:strm屏状核Anterior funiculusfju:nkjls前索Vestibular nervevestbjl前庭神经Vestibulospinal tractvestbjlospanl前庭脊髓束Vestibular nuclei前庭神经核Vestibulocochlear nervevestbjlokoklrr前庭蜗神经Vestibulocerebellumvestbjlosrbelm前庭小脑Commissure of fornixkmrf:nks穹窿连和thalamuslms丘脑Radial nerveredil桡神经Flocculonodular lobeflkjlondjl(r)绒球小结叶Pia materpa, pi软脑膜Trigeminal lemniscustrademnllemnsks三叉丘系Trigeminal nerve三叉神经Motor nucleus of Trigeminal nervemot(r)三叉神经运动核Mesencephalic nucleus of Trigeminal nervemesensflk三叉神经中脑核Superior olivary nucleuslver上橄榄核Maxillary nervemkslr上颌神经epithalamuseplms上丘脑Ascending reticular activating system，ARASsndrtkjlktvet上行网状激动系统Hypoglossal nervehapglsl舌下神经Hypoglossal nucleus舌下神经核Glossopharyngeal nerveglsofrndrl舌咽神经Optic chiasma:ptkkazm视交叉Supraoptic nucleussju:prptk视上核Optic nerve视神经Paraventricular nucleusp:rventrkjl视旁核Pineal bodypani:l松果体Projection fibersprdkn投射纤维Lateral lemniscusltrl外侧丘系Lateral funiculusfju:nkjls外侧索Lateral geniculate bodydnkjlt外侧膝状体Reticulospinal tractrtkjlspanl网状脊髓束Caudate nucleusk:det尾状核Corpus striatumk:rpsstretm纹状体Cochlear nervekklr蜗神经Cochlear nuclei蜗神经核Infeiior olivary nucleusnfri(r)lver下橄榄核Mandibular nervemndbjl下颌神经hypothalamushapolms下丘脑cerebellumserbel小脑Cerebellar hemisphereserbelmhemsfr小脑半球Tonsil of cerebellumt:nsl小脑扁桃体Cerebellar nuclei小脑核Cerebellar cortexk:rteks小脑皮质vermisv:ms小脑蚓Fasciculus cuneatusfskjls楔束Cuneate nucleuskju:nt楔束核neocerebellumni,serbelm新小脑Amygdaloid bodymgdld杏仁体Olfactory brain:lfktri嗅脑Olfactory nerve嗅神经Medulla oblongatamdlbl:t延髓Ophthalmic nerve眼神经Lumbar plexuslmb(r)plkss腰丛Lunbosacral enlargementlmbosekrl腰骶膨大Axillary nervekslr腋神经Saphenous nervesfi:ns隐神经Cerebral dura materdjr硬脑膜archicerebellum:rkserbelm原小脑Abducent nervebdju:snt展神经Abducens nucleusbdju:snz展神经核Occipital lobeksptl枕叶Median nerve正中神经mesencephalonmesensefln中脑Central canalsntrlknl中央管Postcentral gyruspostsentrldars中央后回Precentral gyrusprsentrl中央前回Vertebral arteryv:tibrl椎动脉Pyramidal tractprmdl锥体束Autonomic berve:tnmk自主神经Sciatic nervesatk坐骨神经二、 脑水肿、脑疝、脑死亡brain edemadi:m脑水肿Intracranial pressure，ICPntrkrenrlpr颅内压ionic brain edemaa:nk离子性脑水肿Hydrocephalic brain edemahadroseflk脑积水性脑水肿Brain herniah:rni脑疝Cerebral deathd脑死亡Ischemic cerebral edemaski:mk缺血性脑水肿Osmotic brain edemazmtk渗透压性脑水肿papilledemappldi:m视乳头水肿Water channel protein，aquaporin，AQPproti:nkwprn水通道蛋白Cytotoxic brain edemasattksk细胞毒性脑水中Vasogenic brain edema血管源性脑水肿Subfalcial herniationsbfsrlh:nen大脑镰下疝Transtentorial herniation小脑幕切迹疝Upward Transtentorial herniationpwrd小脑幕切迹上升疝三、 神经系统查体Proprioceptive sensationsproprrseptvsnsen本体感觉Patellar clonusptelklns髌阵挛Brudzinski sign布鲁金斯基征gaitset步态Tactile tktl触觉Cluster headache，CHklsthdek丛集性头痛Hemicrania hemkrenr偏头痛Hemicrania simplexsmpleks单纯性偏头痛Hemicrania epilepsiaeplepsr癫痫性偏头痛orientation:rinten定向力Light reflexesriflks对光反射Sweat testswt发汗试验Episodic tension headacheeps:dktnn发作性紧张性头痛reflexesriflks反射Beat-back testbit反击征试验Near reactionnr辐辏反射Combined sensationkmbandsnsen复合感觉Abdominal reflexbd:mnl腹壁反射Sensory conduction Velocity，SCVsnsrikndknvl:sti感觉神经传导速度Sensory system感觉系统Sensory aurar感觉先兆Gait of sensory ataxiatksi感觉性共济失调性步态sensory aphasiafe 感觉性失语Anal reflexenl肛门反射Gowers maneuvermnuv, -nju-高娃试验Achilles reflexkliz跟反射Heel-to-shin testhiln跟膝胫反射Biceps reflexbasps肱二头肌反射Triceps reflextrasps肱三头肌反射ataxiatksi共济失调Ataxic gaitstksk共济失调步态coordinationko:rdnen共济运动dysarthriads:ri:构音障碍Ankle clonuskl踝阵挛Circumduction gaitskmdkn环行步态comakom昏迷stuporstu:p(r)昏睡状态Marital history & Menstrual historymrtlmnstrul婚育史与月经史Dystrophic gaitdstrofk肌营养不良步态Muscle tonemslton肌张力Basilar artery migraine基底动脉偏头痛Immediate recallmiditrkl即刻记忆calculationklkjlen计算力memorymmri记忆力History of past illnesslns既往史Secondary headacheseknderi继发性头痛Familial hemiplegic Migraine，FHMfmljlhempli:dkmagren家族性偏瘫性偏头痛Consensual light reflexknsenrl间接对光反射Scissors gaitszrz剪刀步态Corneal reflexk:nrl角膜反射Tension headachetnn紧张性头痛Recent memoryrisnt近记忆Neck-tongue syndromenkt颈-舌综合征Spastic gaitsspstk痉挛步态Resting tremorsresttrm静止性震颤Spastic paralysisprlss痉挛性瘫痪Giant cell arteritisdant:trats巨细胞动脉炎Kernig sign克尼格征Steppage gaitst:pd跨阈步态Supraorbital neuralgiasu:pr:btlnrld眶上神经痛Cortical spreading depressiondprn扩散性大脑皮质克制Benign paroxysmal vertigobnanprkszmlv:rtgo良性发作性眩晕Two-point discriminationdskrmnen两点辨别觉Romberg sign罗姆伯格征Twilight statetwalat朦胧状态Nominal aphasian:mnl命名性失语Meningeal irritationmnndrlrten脑膜刺激征Cerebrovascular diseaseserbrovskjl脑血管病Torsion spasmt:rnspzm扭转痉挛Snout reflexsnat努嘴反射dermatographiad:mtgrfr皮肤划痕症hemiballismushemblzms偏身投掷Migraine equivalentsyndromeskwvlnt偏头痛等位症Superficial reflexsu:prfl浅反射Superficial sensation浅感觉Grasp reflexgrsp强握反射Tactile sensationtktl轻触觉Decerebrate rigiditydi:serbretrddti去皮质强直Brachiradialis reflexbretrredrls桡骨膜反射Deep reflex深反射Deep sensation深感觉Physiological reflexesfzildkl生理反射baragnosisbrnoss失辩重能dyslexiadslksi失读症Agraphiarfr失写症stereognosisstergnoss实体觉astereognosissteri:onoss实体觉缺失Visual auravulr视觉先兆Visual acuitykjuti视敏度Visual fieldsfild视野somnolences:mnlns嗜睡状态athetosisetoss手足徐动Pilomotor responsepalomotrsp:ns竖毛反应Accommodation reflexk:mden调整反射Cremasteric reflexkrem:strk提睾反射Postural testsp:strl体位性试验mydriasismdrass瞳孔散大mioticmatk瞳孔缩小Painful ophthalmoplegiapenflflmpli:dr痛性眼肌麻痹headache头痛dizzinessdzns头晕graphesthesiar:fesi:zr图形觉graphanesthesiarfenesi:zr图形觉缺失Temperature sensationtemprt(r)温度觉Migraine without aura，MO无先兆偏头痛Choreic movementsk:ri:kmu:vmnts舞蹈样运动Suck reflexsk吸吮反射Patellar reflexptel膝反射Jaw-jeck reflexd下颌反射Migraine with aura，MA先兆偏头痛Aura symptoms先兆症状History of present illness现病史Gait of cerebellar Ataxia小脑性共济失调步态Cerebellar mutismmjutzm小脑性沉默症Shock:k休克Vascular-supraspinal-myogenic model，VSMmadenk血管-脊髓上-肌源模式Queckenstedts test压颈试验（奎肯施泰特试验）Pressure sensation压觉Eyelids and palpebral fissuresaldsplpbrlfz眼球位置与运动nystagmusnstgms眼球震颤Oculocardiac reflexkjlok:dk眼心反射Abnormal movementsbn:rml异常运动confusionknfjun意识混浊Intention tremorsntnntrm意向性震颤Primary headacheprameri原发性头痛Remote memoryrmot远记忆hyperkinesishapknss运动功能亢进hyperopiahapropr远视Kinetic deviation testkntk, ka-divien运动偏离试验Motor aura运动先兆Motor aphasia运动性失语症Motor tremors运动性震颤Motor evoked potentialptnl运动诱发电位deliriumdlrim谵妄状态Tandem positiontndm站立姿势Palmomental reflex掌颏反射clonusklns震颤Finger-to-nose testf指鼻试验baragnosisbrnoss重量失认Chief complainttifkmplent主诉Postural tremorsp:strl姿势性震颤Autonomic nervous system:tnmk自主神经系统Plantar reflexplnt, -tr足跖反射Sitting position坐位