状语从句讲解-共5页.pdf

1 状状语从句语从句 定义定义：在句中作状语的从句是状语从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词在句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，状语从句放在句首时，要用逗号，放在句尾时不用。状语从句状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词 和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下:一、一、时间状语从句时间状语从句 1.when,while 和和 as 的用法的用法 (1)when 既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂性动作既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂性动作.when 强调主从句动作的发生有先后强调主从句动作的发生有先后。如：When he got there,the classroom had been cleaned.他到的时候，教室已打扫过了。(主句动作发生在从句动作之前)He went to play football when he finished his homework.做完作业后他就去踢足球了。(主句的动作发生在从句动作之后)when 可作并列连词用，相当于可作并列连词用，相当于 just then，at the time，前一分句多用进行时、，前一分句多用进行时、be about to 或或 be on the point of doing，表示，表示“正在做正在做.，就在这时发生了另外一件事，就在这时发生了另外一件事”或或“届时届时”。如：I was reading when he suddenly came in.I was about to leave when the telephone rang.(2)while 强调主句动作发生在从句动作所发生的时间段内，从句的动作必须是延续性动词。如：强调主句动作发生在从句动作所发生的时间段内，从句的动作必须是延续性动词。如：Strike iron while its still hot.Will you please take care of my house while I was away?在这一情况下，从句的动作一定是延续性动词，如果是非延续动词，要用在这一情况下，从句的动作一定是延续性动词，如果是非延续动词，要用 when。如：Will you please take care of my house when I went away?当我进来的时侯，他在和别人说话。当我进来的时侯，他在和别人说话。While I came in,he was talking with others.When I came in,he was talking with others.(3)as 引导一个持续性动作，引导一个持续性动作，强调主从句的动作同时发生，有强调主从句的动作同时发生，有“一边一边.一边一边.”的意思，也可说明两种正的意思，也可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，有在发展或变化的情况，有“随着随着.”的意思。如：的意思。如：He sang as he walked.他边走边唱。As he gets older,he gets more open.随着年龄的增长，他越发开朗起来。2.as soon as,the moment,the minute,the second,the instant,no sooner.than,2 hardly/scarcely.when.，immediately,directly,instantly 的用法。的用法。这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一一就就”，The moment she arrives，we can start.No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.3.till,until 和和 not.until 的用法的用法(1)在肯定句中，主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，意为在肯定句中，主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，意为“某动作一直延续到某点才停止某动作一直延续到某点才停止”。You may stay here till/until the rain stops.你得在这里呆到雨停。(2)在否定句中，主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为在否定句中，主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开某动作直到某时间才开始始”。He wont go to bed till(until)she returns.直到她回来他才睡。(3)not.until 句型中的强调和倒装说法。句型中的强调和倒装说法。It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.(强调句型强调句型)Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.(not until 置于句首，主句要倒装置于句首，主句要倒装)Not until he came back did he find his house had been broken into.4.before 和和 since 的用法的用法 (1)连词连词 before 表示表示“还未还未就就”，“不到不到就就”，“才才”，“趁还没来得及趁还没来得及”。Before they reached the station,the train had gone.We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.Please write it down before you forget it.(2)before 的句型：的句型：It will be时间段时间段 before 从句，表示从句，表示“多久之后才多久之后才”。It will be half a year before I come back.It wont be long before we meet again.(3)since 的句型：的句型：It is/has been时间段时间段 since 从句。若从句谓语为非延续性动词，表示从句。若从句谓语为非延续性动词，表示“自自从从有多久有多久”；若从句的谓语为延续性动词，表示；若从句的谓语为延续性动词，表示“自从结束自从结束/完成完成起有多久起有多久”。It is three years since the war broke out.It is three years since he lived here.二二 地点状语从句地点状语从句 1.地点状语从句可用地点状语从句可用 where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere 等引导。地点状语从句可用于主句之前等引导。地点状语从句可用于主句之前或之后。或之后。You are free to go wherever you like.Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Wherever there is smoke,there is a fire.无火不生烟(既无风不起浪)。2.注意区分引导的定语从句与状语从句。注意区分引导的定语从句与状语从句。where 引导的地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中引导的地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中 where 作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。行词后面。3 Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句)Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定语从句)三三 原因状语从句原因状语从句 1.引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now that,seeing that,considering that等等，每个连词的含义不尽相同。(1)because 用来回答 why 的提问，语气最强，一般放在主句之后；(2)since 表示既然或已知的理由，稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首；(3)as 多用于口语，语气比 because，since 弱，表示的理由是明显的或被认为是已知的，是对主句的附带说明，重点在主句，可放在句首或句尾，放在句尾时，as 可省略。I cant go，(as)I am busy.(4)considering that,seeing that,now that 和 since 的意义相似，都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that可以省去。As it is raining,we shall not go to the park.Now that/Since everybody is here,lets begin our meeting.既然大家都到了，我们就开始我们的会议。My friends dislike me because Im handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come,lets begin our conference.四四 目的状语从句目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that，in case,lest 等。1.in order that 与与 so that 两个连词都意为“以便，为了”，引导的状语从句中需用情态动词；in order that 比比 so that正式正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而 so that 引导的从句只能置于主句之后。Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me.In order that we might see the sunrise,we started for the peak early.The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.2.for fear that,in case 与与 lest 这些从属连词本身带有否定意义，意为这些从属连词本身带有否定意义，意为“以免，以防以免，以防”，相当于，相当于 so that.not.或或 in order that.not.The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.五五 结果状语从句结果状语从句 1.引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that,so.that.，such.that.。其结构形式为：4 Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.He got up so early that he caught the first bus.Its such a good chance that we must not miss it.区别区别 so.that 和和 such.that 的用法的用法 名前名前 such，形、副，形、副 so，that 从句跟在后；多多少少必用从句跟在后；多多少少必用 so，特别注意是，特别注意是 little；“小小”用用 such，“少少”用用 so。六六 条件状语从句条件状语从句 常用引导词：if,unless,特殊引导词：as/so long as,only if,providing/provided that,supposing that,in case that,on condition that Well start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition,we shall hold the meeting here.七、方式状语从句七、方式状语从句：引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as,as if,as though 等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。as 引导方式状语从句，意为“按照，正如”；其中 as if 或 as though 引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。Do as you are told to,or youll be fired.The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.When in Rome,do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.八八 让步状语从句让步状语从句 1.although/though,even though/if 引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句 although 与 though 两者意思相同，一般可以互换，都可以与 yet,still 或 nevertheless 连用，但不能和but 连用。He is unhappy though/although he has a lot of money.尽管他很有钱，但是他不幸福。Even though/if it is raining,well go there.2.as 引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句 as 从句一般放在主句之前，用倒装语序。从句中的表语或状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是名词，前置时要省略冠词。Child as he is,he knows a lot.尽管他是孩子，他却懂得很多。Much as I like it I wont buy it,for its too expensive.虽然我很喜欢，但我不会买的，因为它太贵了。5 Try as he might,he could not find a job.不管他怎样努力，他还是找不到工作。3.疑问词疑问词ever,no matter疑问词与疑问词与 whether.or.引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句 Whether you believe it or not,it is true.无论你信不信，它是真的。Whatever(no matter what)you say,he wont believe you.无论你说什么，他不会信你。Whoever you are(no matter who you are),you must obey the rules.无论你是谁，你必须服从这些规则。九九 比较状语从句比较状语从句 常用引导词：as(同级比较),than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词：the more the more ;just as，so;A is to B what/as X is to Y;no more than;not A so much as B She is as bad-tempered as her mother.The house is three times as big as ours.The more you exercise,the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to machine.食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。He runs less fast than me.The film was not so(as)good as I had expected.The busier he is,the happier he feels.