物流师英语 没翻译.docx

编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第11页 共11页物流基本概念（basic concepts in logistics）1. Logistics is referred to the article flow, but not including the flow of the people2. The concept of article in logistics includes tangible goods and intangible service, such as customer service, freight agents and logistics network design3. Logistics documents generally refer to documentations required to complete all processes of logistics, such as contracts, bills, and notes4. The external logistics is about the macro economic activities, like international trade and global investment5. The four key procedures in the internal logistics are supply, production, distribution and reverse6. Supply Chain Management(SCM) is a system applied to maximize profits for all parties in the whole logistic system and other economic systems 7. A standardized logistic system ensures better time management , location choices and distribution capacities8. Distribution capacity is value added in the logistic system9. Logistics system includes customer service, packaging, transportation, storage, distribution processing and information control10. Market share is the proportion of sales of a good or service provided by one company to the industry sales of such good or service11. The need for outsourcing creates Third Part Logistics12. Customer Relationship Management (CRM ) is software to manage the relationship and communication between customers and suppliers13. Exclusive distribution refers to the fact that there is only one wholesaler or retailer who selling a product or providing a certain service14. A logistic model is a standardized module that is used to regulate the cargo transportation, manage logistics facilities and equipments 15. Letter of credit(L/C) is used exclusively by the buyer. It is a letter issued by the bank employed by the buyer which authorizes the bearer ( the supplier or seller) to draw a stated amount of money from the issuing bank 16. A logistics center consists of a series of integrated logistic activities, processes, equipments, and information network17. Third Part Logistics refers to specialized logistics service providers that provide specific services for suppliers and customers18. Customized logistics refer to a logistic system or process specifically designed to cater to an individual customers requirements and needs19. Logistics alliance refers to the long term cooperation and business relationship between logistics supplier and customers20. Bridge transport refers to containers transported by railway using the bridges that link both ends separated by rivers or oceans21. International logistics is a result of international commercial activities, cross border investment, and importing and exporting activities22. Time value in logistics refers to the differences in value of the same goods in different time23. Location value in logistics refers to the differences in value of the same goods in different locations24. Logistics vehicles include ships, trucks, trains and aircrafts used in the logistics process25. The main differences between the traditional and modern logistic systems are the usage of containers and information technologies26. Integrated logistics management was the early stage of Supply Chain Management (SCM)27. International transport is the major part in international logistics28. Third Part Logistics assist the execution of logistic activities29. Fourth Part Logistics is the planner and manager for logistics network, while Third Part Logistics is the supplier of logistics service, like transport and storage30. Supply Chain is the relationship between suppliers and customers. In the supply chain, suppliers rank before buyer, seller and customers31. Logistics activities, especially transportation have a major impact on the environment32. Logistics is a combination of applied technology and business management33. Insurance is very important to logistics because of the potential hazards and dangers in the process, such as fire, theft, handling damage and even the natural disasters34. Costs for logistics are similar to all other businesses and include fixed cost, variable cost and management cost 35. The process to handle export and import with the international customs is the customs declaration36. Customer services link all logistics activities effectively37. The bank is a third party in the payment process between the buyers and sellers38. Letter of Credit is issued by the buyers bank for the importers benefits 39. Industry competition leads to more efforts to improve customer service40. For small and medium-sized companies, logistics management is still largely decentralized41. Customer service is specially set up to provide services to handle and inquiry and respond to demands from customers42. Safety is always the top concern for warehouses to handle goods .43. Logistics information refers general logistics knowledge, materials, images, data and documentation . 44. Most large companies locate in the Central Business District of a city.45. In a bull market, market prices for most goods will continuously go up.46. The payment of most global transactions is carried out in the from of letter of credit .47. Distribution processing value is the valued added by changing the length, thickness and package of goods.48. Communication links the entire logistics process with customers.49. Demand forecasting helps managers to use their resources effectively.50. The process to operate and manage logistics control activities.51. Supply logistics is the procedure in which orders are taken from customers and purchases are delivered to the warehouse belonged of the customers.52. Distribution processing is different from a manufacturing process.53. Distribution logistics is the delivery process in which final products are delivered from sellers to buyers.包装功能（packaging）1. Packaging performs two basic functions, marketing and delivery in logistics2. The purpose of sales package is for sales and convenient use3. In logistic and transportation process , it is very important to package the goods appropriately for protection and safety purposes4. Vacuum packaging is used to protect goods from deterioration or contamination, like food and medicine5. Palletizing refers to the process of loading goods in pallet 6. Palletizing is to load goods onto a pallet and wrap to form a handling and loading unit 7. The No.1 function of packaging is to protect goods 8. In marketing, the package also aims for promoting and advertising the attractiveness of goods to be sold逆向物流（reverse logistics）1. Recycle logistics is the part of reverse logistics 2. Reverse logistics is the process to handle returned goods, recycle useful materials and dispose waste goods 3. When the non-qualified goods are returned or from buyer to seller, we call it reverse logistics 4. Green logistics is very important to the environmental protection 5. Scrap disposal is the part of reverse logistics 6. Recycle logistics is the process to sort, treat and collect the valuable parts from used products 7. Reverse logistics makes goods flow from customers to suppliers 8. Averagely, retailers and manufacturers predict approximately 5%-10% of their merchandise will be returned运输功能（transportation）1. Liner transport has three specific components: fixed ports, fixed routes and announcing shipping time in advance2. Shipping by chartering is used for transporting low value goods3. The broker company in ocean transportation is called shipping agency4. Air freight costs 5times more than transportation by trucks and 20 times more than by rail. But it is more reliable, punctual and predictable under normal operating condition.5. Bulk container is used to load bulk cargo6. Cargo is freight carried by a ship, an aircraft, or another vehicle, upon the agreement for the delivery of goods 7. Tanker container is mainly used to transport oil and gas8. Deadhead means a vehicle, such as an aircraft and truck that transports no passengers 9. Back haul is the distance traveled from the delivery destination point back to the departure point 10. Bill of lading a document title 11. Ocean Bill of Lading is a receipt for goods loaded in the ship 12. Shipper and carrier are two parties in a shipping contract 13. Usually, the buyer in the trading contract is consignee 14. Liner sails in the fixed route between fixed ports and sends sailing information in advance 15. Brokers are agents who coordinate shippers and carriers by providing timely information about rates, routes and service capabilities 16. TEUand FEU both are containers which are used in ocean transportation frequently 17. Bill of lading is the evidence of the contract of carriage between carrier and shipper 18. Seaway bill is different from ocean B/L. the latter is negotiable but the former is not 19. Transport agencies include air and surface freight forwarders, shippers associations and transport brokers. 20. Freight forwarders purchase long distance service from water, rail, air even and truck carriers 21. International Railway Bill can be used in land bridge transport 22. Transportation using multiple transportation means is also called combined transport 23. NVOCC is also a carrier because it can open B/L 24. Transportation creates location value in logistics 25. Transport does not need to change packages of goods or stop in any place between the departure point and destination location 26. Door-to-door delivery refers to carrier picking up the goods from the shippers warehouse and delivers it to consignees warehouse 27. Containerization can speed up the logistics process, such as handling, loading and unloading, storing and transport 28. Domestic intercity truck is the motor carrier service between the different cities domestically 29. A fleet is group of vehicles or ships owned or operated as a unit 30. Transportation is usually the biggest logistic costs for most companies 31. Truck enjoys the great advantages in the transit time and frequency compared to other transportation means 32. The railroad represents the biggest usage in the land transport in China 33. There are three kinds of freight in transport: full-car load, less-than-truckload and container 34. Water transport can carry the greatest amount of goods for the longest distance with the lowest cost 35. Air transport has the distinct advantage in the terms of fast delivery and enjoy the lowest ratio of loss and damage 36. The most economic feasible products transported by pipeline are crude oil, natural gas and reined petroleum one 37. International transport is dominated by water carriers. It is used to transport more than 70%of the total trading volume in value and 95%by weight 38. International transportation by trucks is limited between the joint border countries like US and Mexico or closely located WTO members like mainland China, Hong Kong and Macao 39. Grouping small shipment into large ones is the primary method lower cost per unit of weight in transportation 40. Transportation decision is referred to the transportation models and carriers selected for delivery, vehicle routing, scheduling, and freight grouping 41. container logistics management is becoming a core strategy for large shipping company for its fast loading and unloading process, safe transportation goods storage 42. the primary factor to influent transport cost distance and competition 43. containerization ensures quick transit between ships and other transport vehicles such as trucks sand freight rail cars物流设施、物流工具、物流操作（logistics facility, equipment and operation）1. The area for unloading goods in warehouse is receiving space2. Forklift truck is very convenient equipment for loading and unloading goods 3. Container is a large packaging box 4. A twenty-foot Unit is called a standard container 5. Yard is a warehouse without roof and wall for containers storage 6. Stereoscopic warehouse has three parts: warehouse, high story shelf and stacker 7. Automatic Guided Vehicle (AGV) can move goods to a specific location without the help of rail 8. Conveyor can move the solid goods fluidly 9. Full container ship is only used for goods to be transported in container 10. Customs broker is a company representing the customers to declare and store the goods 11. Cargo inspection is not only to examine the goods quantity, but also quality 12. Deconsolidation center is a logistics center where most inbound goods are in truck loads and most outbound goods are in small pieces 13. Deliver cycle is the time between acceptance of the order and delivery of the goods 14. Factory price does not contain the cost of freight or distribution 15. Less-than Container is the mode which can be used to ship goods for more than one shippers and consignees 16. The station to transfer goods from one carrier to another is gateway 17. Boned warehouse is the place to store the goods imported or in transit , without paying duty under customs supervision 18. Conveyors are used widely in the operations of warehouse and distribution center and form the basic handling device for a number of selection systems 19. Dispatch area is the place where goods are stored and ready to be delivered 20. Tack is the same as goods shelves which are used to place stored goods in high density area 21. Standardized containers are storage and transportation equipments that may load the cargo of 16to 26 tons or in 30 to 60 cubic meters物流信息管理（logistics information management）1. Automated warehouse must be managed by information system2. The application of bar code is of primary importance in the Bar Code System3. Bar code scanner is called bar code reader shipping agency 4. Firewall in the computer system is not a physical wall, but is a computer language to protect the network from invasion and damage5. Virtual logistics is the management by computer technology and Internet6. Data Warehousing is virtual data system in computer technology7. Using 13 digits. The bar code store the information of goods8. Global Positioning System directs the mobile equipments, like trucks, ships and aircrafts by satellite tracking9. The main application of E-selling is in B2B and C2C10. B2E refers to Business to Employee and Business to Executives11. In the logistics information system, EDI plays the most important role12. The logistics network is virtual network配送（distribution）1. Delivery refers to sending goods to the destination specified by buyers and collection of the transportation costs2. Joint Distribution refers to delivering goods for different shippers using the same vehicle by the most economic route 3. Distribution is one of functions in logisti