八大基本时态.pptx

一、一般现在时：表示经常性、习惯性所发生的动作和事情，或是对客观真理和事实的描述。1、主+系+表 中只要满足be动词是am,is,are即可。2、主+谓+宾 中则要根据主语的人称和单复数的情况来改变谓语动词。（1）当主语为第一、二及复数人称时，谓语用动词原形，反之当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词要加s或es。具体变化细则如下：A.一般直接在词尾加s。eg.Drink-drinks.B.动词以x,ch,sh,o结尾的加es.Eg.Go-goes,Watch-watches,fix-fixes,brush-brushes.C.以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i然后再加es.Eg.Study-studies.D.特殊的“have-has”.(2)常见的用于该类时态的时间状语：Sometimes,often,usually,always,regularly,every/each+day/week/month/yearEg.She is very beautiful.He often comes home from school late.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.One plus one is two.注意：在主+谓+宾 结构中，当主语为第三人称单数时，变一般疑问句要借用助动词：does，变否定句时要借用助动词：doesnt，改变之时要把原来谓语动词的单三形式变为动词原形。Eg.Does he often come home from school late?He doesnt come home from school late.反之当 主语为第一、二及复数人称时变一般疑问句只需借用助动词Do位于句首，句末加问号即可。变否定句只需在谓语动词前加dont即可。Eg.They sometimes climb the mountain at the weekend.Do they sometimes climb the mountain at the weekend?No,they dont sometimes climb the mountain at the weekend.二、一般现在将来时二、一般现在将来时：表示站在现在的立场上表示站在现在的立场上 展望将来，展望将来，并对将来有可能并对将来有可能 发生的事情进行计划、安排、发生的事情进行计划、安排、打算；抑或是打算；抑或是表示一种主观意愿和作为。表示一种主观意愿和作为。（1）表打算、计划、安排：am/is/are+going+to+V原形。Eg.She is going to climb the mountain tomorrow.She and he are going to marry next year.I am going to learn English hard.（2）表主观意愿、作为：will/shall+V原形。(shall专用于第一人称，will用于所有人称。）Eg I will miss you if you leave me.She will help her classmates.They will come back to school next Thursday.注意：will not=wont;shall not=shant will常可缩写成ll,而shall 没有缩写形式。Eg.Shell go to church.三、三、一般现在进行时：表示在现阶段这个大的时一般现在进行时：表示在现阶段这个大的时间段上非常间段上非常 具体的点时间上所正在进行的事情或发具体的点时间上所正在进行的事情或发生的动作。生的动作。结构：am/is/are+V-ing(1)如何将动词原形变为v-ing?具体细则如下：A.一般直接在词尾加ing。Eg.Do-doing.B.以不发音的字母e结尾的要去e加ing。Eg.Take-taking.C.以重读闭音节的单音节词且中间只有一个原因字母的，而且该元音字母后紧跟一个辅音字母结尾的，要双写最后一个辅音再加ing。eg.Stop-stopping.D.以ie结尾的要变ie为y再加ing.Eg.Die-dying;lie-lying.(2)常见用于该时态的时间状语及表达形式：Now,at the moment,at present,at+具体的点时间，以及：look!,listen!这类形式。Eg.She is sleeping now.Look!She is washing clothes.Listen!He is crying at the corner.四、一般过去时四、一般过去时：就是纯粹对过去所发生的事情进行就是纯粹对过去所发生的事情进行简单的陈述和说明而已。简单的陈述和说明而已。（1）主+系+表结构 中只要保证be动词为was/were即可。Eg.She was very thin two years ago.We were very busy last year.(2)主+谓+宾 结构中只要保证谓语实义动词（行为动词）变为过去式即可。规则动词变化过去式的细则如下：A.一般是直接在词尾加ed。eg.Dust-dusted.B.以e结尾的直接加d。eg.Love-loved.C.以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加ed.Eg.Study-studied.D.以重读闭音节的单音节词且中间只有一个原因字母的，而且该元音字母后紧跟一个辅音字母结尾的，要双写最后一个辅音再加ed.Eg.Stop-stopped.E.不规则的需要逐个记忆。Eg.Go-went,buy-bought,do-did,bring brought.常见用于该类时态的时间状语：yesterday,the day before yesterday,Last+day/week/month/year.;一段时间+ago;in+具体的过去的某个月份、年份等。Eg.She went to HK yesterday.They bought a Bens last year.She and he married in 1998.注意：当在这个结构中变换一般疑问句时则要借用助动词Did位于句首，然后再将原谓语动词的过去式变为动词原形，句末加问号；变换否定句时，则要借用助动词didnt位于位于动词前，然后再把原谓语动词的过去式变为原形即可。Eg.Did she go to HK yesterday?She didnt go to HK yesterday.Did they buy a Bens last year?They didnt buy a Bens last year.Did she and he marry in 1998?She and he didnt marry in 1998.五、现在完成时五、现在完成时（1）动作和事情发生在过去；（）动作和事情发生在过去；（2）该动作和事情从过去一直延续到现在，中间经历了一该动作和事情从过去一直延续到现在，中间经历了一个时间段。（个时间段。（3）该动作的完成和结束要么对现在产）该动作的完成和结束要么对现在产生一定的影响要么对现在造成一定的结果。生一定的影响要么对现在造成一定的结果。结构：have/has+pp(过去分词）具体动词的过去分词变化细则：规则动词变化过去分词的细则如下：A.一般是直接在词尾加ed。eg.Dust-dusted.B.以e结尾的直接加d。eg.Love-loved.C.以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加ed.Eg.Study-studied.D.以重读闭音节的单音节词且中间只有一个元音字母的，而且该元音字母后紧跟一个辅音字母结尾的，要双写最后一个辅音再加ed.Eg.Stop-stopped.E.不规则的需要逐个记忆。Eg.Go-went-gone,buy-bought-bought,do-did-done,bring brought-brought.常用于该类时态的时间状语：before,for+一段时间，since+时间段或时间点，ever,never,already,yet.(already一般用于肯定句，而yet往往用于疑问、否定句中位于句末。）Eg.He has already gone abroad.He has been abroad before.注：have been to(表示人已经不在那里了。）have gone to(表示人不在说话的现场。）频率副词一般位于“系动词后面实义动词的前面.”Has he gone abroad yet?No,he hasnt gone abroad yet.六、过去将来时：即站在过去的立场上展望将来六、过去将来时：即站在过去的立场上展望将来并对将来有可能发生的事情进行计划、安排、打并对将来有可能发生的事情进行计划、安排、打算抑或是过去的一种意愿和作为算抑或是过去的一种意愿和作为。结构(1)would/should+V原形 （此类时态一般不会单独使用，均和从句一起连用。）(2)was/were+going to+V原形 Eg.She said that she would come to HK last week.Eg.They said that they were going to go to Italy next year.Eg.Did she say that she would come to HK last week?Eg.Did they say that they were going to Italy next year?七、过去进行时：即在过去的某个大的时间段上非常具体的某一点时间上所正在进行的动作和发生的事情。结构：was/were+V-ing Eg.He was sleeping at this time yesterday.Eg.They were having dinner at 6 oclock the day before yesterday.Eg.Was he sleeping at this time yesterday?No,he wasnt sleeping at this time yesterday.Were they having dinner at 6 oclock the day before yesterday?No,they werent having dinner at 6 oclock the day before yesterday 八、过去完成时：（八、过去完成时：（1）动作发生在过去的过去。（）动作发生在过去的过去。（2）动作或事情从过）动作或事情从过去的过去一直延续到过去的某一时间，中间经历了一个时间段。（去的过去一直延续到过去的某一时间，中间经历了一个时间段。（3）该）该动作的完成和事情的结束对过去要么造成一定的影响要么产生一定的结动作的完成和事情的结束对过去要么造成一定的影响要么产生一定的结果。果。结构：had+pp(动词的过去分词）（该时态一般也不单独使用，均和从句连用。）Eg.He told me that he had seen this film.Eg.She and he had been married before I met them in Japan.Exercises:1.He _has lived_(live)here since she married_(marry)him.2.Look!The monkey is climbing_(climb)the tree at the moment.3.She told me that she _would miss_(miss)us.4.They said they _had_ had_(have)the dinner.5.She and he _return_(return)to China every year.6.She had cooked_(cook)when he _got_(get)home yesterday.7.They are going to visit_(visit)Window of the world next month.8.He _travelled_(travel)The US two years ago.9.Yesterday,he _told_(tell)us that he _would become_(become)a teacher in future.一般过去进行时、一般过去时、过一般过去进行时、一般过去时、过去将来时及过去完成时在时间状语从去将来时及过去完成时在时间状语从句中的运用。句中的运用。1、两个动作都发生在过去，两个动作之间、两个动作都发生在过去，两个动作之间相比较，可延续的就用一般过去进行时，相比较，可延续的就用一般过去进行时，不可延续的就用一般过去时。常可用不可延续的就用一般过去时。常可用as,when，while来引导。来引导。Eg.The phone rang when she was having dinner.Eg.He was reading a book when someone knocked at the door.2、两个动作都同时正发生在过去，两个动、两个动作都同时正发生在过去，两个动作都要用过去进行时，一般只用作都要用过去进行时，一般只用while连接，连接，偶尔也可用偶尔也可用as替代。替代。Eg.She was cooking while he was watching TV.Tom was playing the computer games as Lucy was washing clothes.3、两个动作都发生在过去，两个动作之间有明显的先后、两个动作都发生在过去，两个动作之间有明显的先后时间顺序，时间顺序，发生较早的就用过去完成时，发生较迟的就用发生较早的就用过去完成时，发生较迟的就用一般过去时。一般过去时。常可用after,before,until,when等引导。Eg.She had swept the floor before he got home last night.After he had had supper,he went for a walk.She didnt ring me up until I had finished all work.exercises Tom _(be)form America.He _(like)sports very much and he _(love)China very much,too.Since he _(come)to China for the first time,he _(decide)_(live)in China in the future.Last week,he _(tell)me that he _(go)to China soon and he _(buy)the air ticket to China.When he _(phone)me,he _(look)at the map of the China.At the moment,he _(find)this trip _(must,be)exciting.