职称英语考试基础语法教程及练习.doc

职称英语考试基础语法教程及练习

资料仅供参考
职称英语 基础语法
目录
一、语法知识点介绍 2
（一）语法知识点介绍 2
二、谓语动词 3
（一）谓语动词的时态（一） 3
（二）谓语动词时态（二） 5
（三）谓语动词的时态（三） 7
（四）谓语动词的语态 9
（五）谓语动词的主谓一致 11
三、非谓语动词 11
（一）非谓语动词的有关知识 11
（二）非谓语动词的练习题（一） 12
（三）非谓语动词的练习题（二） 15
四、代词 17
（一）代词的知识讲解 17
（二）代词有关的练习题 18
五、形容词、副词 21
（一）形容词、副词知识点 21
（二）形容词副词练习题（一） 22
（三）形容词、副词练习题（二） 23
六、从句 24
（一）状语从句 24
（二）定语从句 25
（三）宾语从句 26

一、语法知识点介绍
（一）语法知识点介绍
职称英语中的语法知识点
和语法知识直接有关系的题型：
1、 完形填空；
2、 完成句子；
3、 阅读判断
4、 阅读理解
5、 补全短文

一、动词
1、谓语动词
（1）时态
一般现在时：句子中谓语动词出现动词原形，does, 第三人称单数形式或am/is/are.
一般过去时：谓语动词为过去式：动词+ed，动词的不规则变化，was/were
一般将来时：will do
过去将来时：would do
现在进行时：am/is /are doing
过去进行时：was/were doing
现在完成时：have/has done(过去分词)
过去完成时：had done

(2)语态——主动语态和被动再说吧态
被 动语态的基本形式：
一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+done
一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+done
一般将来时的被动语态：will be done
过去将来时的被动语态：would be done
现在完成时的被动语态：have/has been done
过去完成时的被动语态：had been done
含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be done(can/may/must…)

（3）语序（倒装句）
Only+状语+be/情态动词/助动词+主语…
否定副词+be/情态动词/助动词+主语…

（4）主谓一致
主语和谓语动词在量方面保持一致(完形填空和完成句子)
名语：
不可数名词is
可数名词+s are
量词：few+可数名词复数
谓语动词：are+名词复数
A great deal of

2、非谓语动词
（1）非谓语动词的形式：
To do
Do
Doing
Done
(2)特殊的动词
使，让
Look forward to 盼望+doing/名词

3、利用字典查答案

二、名词和量词
1、名词的标志（完形填空和完成句子）
2、量词和名词或谓语动词有关。请认准Q:7贰Ⅶ○○柒(○)0捌
A lot of /lots of /some/ any / a great deal of /few/ a few/ little /a little

三、形容词或副词级的问题
原级
比较级
最高级

四、从句
状语从句
定语从句
宾语从句
主语从句
同位语从句
从句的标志

五、句子的结构
主、谓、宾
1、主语的表示形式
2、宾语的表示形式
3、定语

二、谓语动词
（一）谓语动词的时态（一）
课程介绍
1、 完形填空需要现在开始讲的知识点
2、 概括大意中的完成句子也用到这个知识点。

1、 动词、
谓语动词：包含着时态、语态、语序和主谓一致
时态
一般现在时：谓语动词am/is/are.do,does
一般过去时：谓语动词did
一般将来时：谓语动词will do
过去将来时：谓语动词would do
现在进行时：谓语动词m/is /are doing
过去进行时：谓语动词was/were doing
现在完成时：谓语动词have/has done(过去分词)
(1)have / has 由主语来决定
主语是第一人称单复数（I/ we），第二人称复数（they），名词复数
以上情况用have
除了以上那些用has, 例如：he, she, it, Mary, Tom
(2)时态都与时间有关
现在完成时的时间状语：since, many/ several/ four/ three times, for+时间段，by the end of, during/ in the last/ past five years
(3)since: 自从
Since+时间状语从句。
从句：一句话中存在两个或两个以上的主语和谓语动词，它俩之间存在一定关系
状语从句的连接词必须连接两个完整的句子，含有连接词的句子叫作从句
句子+since+从句。请认准Q:7贰Ⅶ○○柒(○)0捌
主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时
24.the old teacher in this school since 1962.
A. worked B. works C. has worked
Worked:一般过去时
Works:一般现在时
Has worked:现在完成时
Since:自从
考时态，看时间，没有时间看谓语动词

17. I know something about XI’an. I there many times.
A. have gone B. went C. have been
Have gone:现在完成时
Went:一般过去式（go---went---gone
Have been:现在完成时
Since+句子/时间（since 1999）：主句必须用完成时
Went:一般过去时
Many times 与现在完成时连用
答案选C

4. He’s worked in this school it opened.
A. for B. since C. before
For:为了，因为
Since:自从，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时
He’s worked= He has worked
答案为B
Before: 在…之前

22. By the end of , all the teachers in our school a computer of their own.
A. have had B. had had C. will have
Have had: 现在完成时
Had had:过去完成时
Will have: 一般将来时
答案为B
是个已经过去的时间，过去之前用过去完成时

21. His father for four years.
A. has been dead B. has died C.died
Has been dead: 现在完成时
Has died:现在完成时（die—died---died）
Died:一般过去时
答案选A
Died:瞬间动词
Come:来
I have been here for two hours.

6. During the last three or four hundred years, the world’s population very fast.
A. grew ad grown C. has grown
Grew:一般过去时
Had grown:过去完成时
Has grown:现在完成时
答案选C
过去完成时：过去的过去
我进来的时候她已经写完了作业

过去完成时：谓语动词had done

过去分词：第一种动词后面加ed，第二种是不规则变化
一手Q-⒎㈡Ⅶ(○)0七0◎八。
非谓语动词：考试时的形式

2、 名词与量词
3、 形容词和副词
4、 数词、介词和代词
5、 从句

（二）谓语动词时态（二）
22. My parents to Kunming. They left this morning and will return in a month.
A. have been B went C. have gone
Have been:现在完成时，曾经去过
Went:一般过去时
Have gone:现在完成时
Left:过去式（leave—left）
答案选C

21. Mrs Wu here for fifteen years.
A. has come B. has been C. has gone
Has come:现在完成时(come-came-come)
Has been:现在完成时，曾经去过
Has gone:现在完成时，已经去了
瞬间动词不能和时间段连用
答案选B
吴女士在这住了

总结
1． 考的是谓语动词，选项中出现不同的时态。
考时态，看时间，没有时间看谓语动词。
2. 主将从现。抠抠:⒎Ⅱ柒(○)(0)⒎(0)◎捌。
1)主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时。
2）主将从现适用的对象：时间状语从句（when, as soon as）和条件状语从句(if)
3）一般将来时除了will do, 还有含有情态动词的句子祈使句
Come in please!
Let’s play!

23. If it next Sunday, we won’t go to the park.
A. rains B. rain C. raining
Rains:一般现在时
Rain: 动词原形，一般现在时
Raining: 前面必须加be动词
If: 放句首表示如果，条件状语从句
主将从现（从句含连接词）

28. Could you tell me when the dinner party , please?
A. begins B. would begin C. will begin
Begins:一般现在时
Would begin:过去将来时
Will begin:一般将来时
连接词连接的是两个完整句才叫状语从句
宾语从句。源扣扣:⒎㈡Ⅶ0○㈦零0八；
Tell sb. Sth.
主将从现只是用于时间状语从句和条件状语从句
Could you:语气很委婉的请求

18. The work before he back.
A. can do… is B. can be done…comes C. will be done…arrive
Can do…is: 主动语态
Can be done…comes: 被动语态
Will be done…arrive: 一般将来时的被动语态
哪个知识点熟看哪个空
第三人称单数做主语时谓语动词用单三形式
答案选B
Before:在。。。之前，引导时间状语从句
主将从现

17. I don’t know if he tomorrow. If he tomorrow, please let me know.
A. will come…will come B. comes…comes C. will come…comes
If: 如果（引出条件状语从句），是否（常引出宾语从句）
主将从现，祈使句暗含了一般将来时
答案选C
有if的从句选判断是哪个意思，当表示如果则主将从现

23. If it rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the zoo.
A. doesn’t B. won’t C. isn’t
Doesn’t: 一般现在时
Won’t: 一般将来时
Isn’t: 一般现在时
If 放句首条件状语从句，主将从现
答案是A
Rain v. 下雨 n. 雨

24. Do you know if Tom tomorrow?
A. comes B. will come C. come
Comes: 一般现在时
Will come: 一般将来时
Come: 一般现在时
If: 是否，接宾语从句
答案为B

（三）谓语动词的时态（三）
一般过去时
时间状语：yesterday, the day before yesterday, this morning, three days ago
过去式的变化形式：一般是动词后面加ed，还有不规则变化
16. The train ten minutes ago.
A. arrived B. arrives C. is arriving
Arrived: 一般过去时
Arrives: 一般现在时
Is arriving: 现在进行时。
Go, come, arrive, leave现在进行表将来（用现在进行时表示的是将来的动作）
考时态，看时间。Q:七Ⅱ⑦(0)◎⑦0○八;

现在进行时
表示形式：am/is /are doing
时间状语：now 现阶段 ( what are you doing now? ) look, listen
19. Look! The children on the ground happen. Let’s join them.
A. play B. have played C. are playing
Knocked:过去式
Knocking:不能够充当谓语动词
Be doing(am/ is /are/was/were)
Is knocking:能够充当谓语动词
答案选C

一般将来时
结构：will do，be going to do, 祈使句
主将从现
从现在这个点起往后还没发生的
Tomorrow, 这个月底
13. there a sports meet in our school next week.
A. will have B. is going to be C. hold D. will hold
Will have: 一般将来时
Is going to be: 一般将来时
Hold: 一般现在时
Will hold: 一般将来时
There be: 有
答案选B

18. They Shandong next month.
A. visit B. visited c. are going to visit
Visit:动词原形，一般现在时
Visited: 一般过去时
Are going to visit: 一般将来时
答案是C。
2. They will arrive here two weeks.
A. after B. for C. in
选的是介词
After: 在….之后
For: 为了
In: 在。。。里，在。。。之后
For+时间段：动作的持续
In+时间段：一般将来时
After:过去时
答案选C

26. I’m sorry she’s out and she back until 9:00
A. will come B. come C. won’t be
Will come: 一般将来时
Come: 一般现在时
Won’t be: 一般将来时的否定形式
Not… until:直到…才
答案是C

过去进行时
结构：was/were doing
过去的某个点/某段时间在进行的动作
12. -----Did you see Jim yesterday?
------Yes, at eight o’clock he an English story-book.
A. Read B. had read C. was reading
Read-read-read
Had read:过去完成时
Was reading:过去进行时
答案是C

过去完成时
结构：had done
过去的过去
当你进来的时候我已经写完了作业
24. When you got home, they .
A. had left B. have left C. have went away
Had left:过去完成时
Have left:现在完成时
Have went away:结构错误(have gone away)
答案选A

（四）谓语动词的语态
语态
1. 主动语态
2. 被动语态

被动语态
结构：be done (be体现的是时态)
一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+done
一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+done
一般将来时的被动语态：will be done
过去将来时的被动语态：would be done
现在完成时的被动语态：have/has been done
过去完成时的被动语态：had been done
被动语态的标志词是by
I read a book.
A book is read by me.
做题方法：看选项语态优先，看动词和其前面的名词之间的关系 。
25. Pens by people for writing.
A. use B. using C. are used
Use:主动语态
Using:是doing 的形式，不能当谓语动词
Are used: 被动语态
答案选C

30. Several thousands of trees in our city every year.
A. have planted B. has been planted C. are planted
Have planted: 现在完成时主动语态
Has been planted:现在完成时被动语态，错误
Are planted:一般现在时的被动语态

19. Tom to work long hours yesterday.
A. found B. was looked C. was seen
Found:过去式，原形find， find sb. Doing sth.
Was looked:一般过去时的被动语态
Look vi. 看，不及物动词后面不可直接加宾语
Look at 看 look after 照顾 look into 调查 look for 寻找
及物动词后面能够直接加名词
See sb. /sth.。源头Q_柒ⅡⅦ○07○0⑧。
Was seen:一般过去时的被动语态
答案是C

27. She lived here for three years.
A. didn’t B. has been C. hasn’t
Didn’t 一般过去时
Has been 现在完成时被动语态
Hasn’t 现在完成时

18. The work before he back.
A. can do….is B. can be done…comes C. will be done…arrive
Can do 一般将来时主动语态
Can be done 一般将来时被动语态
Will be done 一般将来时被动语态
23. Our classroom every day.
A. should clean B. cleans C. should be cleaned
Should clean 主动语态
Cleans 一般现在时
Should be cleaned 应该被打扫
答案C
21. He playing football by his mother on the playground.
A. see B. saw C. was seen
See动词原形，错误
Saw 过去式
Was seen过去时的被动语态

21. Bananas in Hainan.
A. are growing B. has grown C. are grown
Are growing 现在进行时主动语态
Has grown 现在完成时，错误
Are grown 一般现在时被动语态
答案C

（五）谓语动词的主谓一致
主谓一致
主语和谓语动词数量要保持一致
Have/has取决于主语
主语I/we/you/they名词复数，用have
第三人称单数用has
Is/are取决于主语
Is的主语是单数或不可数名词
Are的主语是复数
Everyone, someone, anyone, no one, everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody
Everything, something, anything, nothing
以上这些词谓语动词用单数
17. Everyone at school today.
A. are B. is C. am
Are
Is
Am:主语是i
答案选B
过去时用was, 工作works, go-goes

三、非谓语动词
（一）非谓语动词的有关知识
形式
1. To do（不定式）
2. Do （不带to的不定式）
3. Doing
4. Done

什么时候用非谓语动词
谓语动词前面或后面再出现动词的时候
I will go。我要走了
I will go to play football. 我要去踢足球了
I will go to see a movie. 我要去看电影了

非谓语动词是用to do还是do还是doing由前一个动词来决定。
Done先排除，接触的不多。q:⑺2⑺(○)0.Ⅶ008。
To do, do, doing是放在谓语动词后面的
仅围绕考试经常出现的情况去讲，考完试之后可又去深入
考试句子中一般有两个动词，其中一个是谓语动词

非谓语动词的选择
1. Make / let/ have/ has 让，使役动词
Make / let/ have/ has sb. Do sth.
Have / has此处的意思不是有
Make制作，制造（接to do）；让（接do）
Had better do最好干什么
Why not do为什么不呢
2. 感官动词：see/ hear / watch/ find/ feel/ notice sb. Do/doing sth.
注意：be seen / heard to do/doing sth.
Be made to do sth.
Make him work for ten hours. (work)
He was made to work for ten hours. (work)
Hear sb. sing /singing (sing)
See the boy run/running (run)
Let them go there (go)
3. Enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
Look forward to doing sth. 盼着做某事
Be busy doing sth.忙于做某事
Can’t help doing sth.忍于做某事
Thanks to doing sth.多亏了
Owe to doing sth.因为
Due to doing sth.归功于
Lead to doing sth. 导致
Contribution / contribute to doing sth. 贡献
4. Done表被动
单独的过去分词不能充当谓语动词
Done取决于离它最近的名词，被动关系用done, 主动关系用do/ doing/ to do
Have TV set repaired (repair)
Have him repair (repair) TV set.
Let flowers watered (water)
Let him water (water) flowers.

（二）非谓语动词的练习题（一）
29. The policeman told the boys in the street.
A. not to play B. don’t play C. not play
Not to play动词不定式
Don’t/ doesn’t / didn’t play只能是谓语动词
Not play：play看成是动词原形
Tell-told
不是特殊单词中的一律用to do
答案A
Tell sb. To do sth.告诉某人去做某事
Tell sb. Not to do sth.告诉某人不去做某事

23. it’s time for class. Boys and girls, stop i
A. talk B. to talk C. talking
Talk动词原形
To talk: to do
Talking: doing
Stop to do / stop doing
Stop to talk要去说话
Stop talking别说了
Stop to write快写
Stop writing别写了
To do动作还没发生，要发生
Go to see a movie 去看电影
I want to go我想走了
Doing 动作正在进行
答案C

24. You’d better swimming in the sea.
A. not to go B. not go C. don’t go
Don’t go谓语动词
Not to go 动词不定式的否定形式
Not go: go 是动词原形
Had better do sth.
答案B

25. The girl was heard in the next room.
A. sing B. to sing C. sang
Sing动词原形
To sing： to do
Sang: sing的过去式，谓语动词
Be seen / heard / made
Be heard to do / be heard doing
答案B

26. The machine doesn’t work well. Why not it ?
A. have…repair B. to have…repair C. have…repaired
Have有，让某人做某事
Why not do
表被动done, 表主动do
答案C
Have sth. Done
21. Did you see them in the river just now?
A. to swim B. swam C. swimming
To swim： to do
Swam过去式，谓语动词
Swimming： doing
See sb. Do / doing sth.
Be seen to do sth.
答案C

22. All the students were busy except Fred.
A. reading B. to read C. read
Reading: doing
To read: to do
Read: do
Be busy doing sth.
没记住的情况下利用字典，查横线前面的动词、名词、形容词
答案A。 Q:⑺二⒎00.柒00.⑧。

18. Most of the young people enjoy the popular songs.
A. sing B. to sing C. singing
Sing: do
To sing: to do
Singing: doing
Enjoy doing sth.

24. It makes me better.
A. feel B. to feel C. feeling
Feel感觉，感动，动词原形
To feel: to do
Feeling: doing
答案C
Make sb. Do sth.
Be made to do sth.

25. You’d better in bed. It’s bad for your eyes.
A. don’t read B. to not read C. not read
Don’t read谓语动词
To not read形式错误
Not read: not do
答案C

19. When the baby saw the strange, he couldn’t help
A. cry B. to cry C. crying
Cry: do
To cry: to do
Crying: doing
Can’t help doing sth.
答案C

20. That boss his workers work more than 12 hours a day.
A. made B. asked C. told
Make-made使得，让
Ask问
Tell-told告诉，辨别，区别
Tell sb. To do sth.
答案A

22. I want to give the boy something nice
A. to eat B. eat C. ate
To eat: to do
Eat: do
Ate: eat的过去式
答案A

25．Thank you for ________ us so many interesting stories.
A tell B to tell C telling
介词后面接doing介宾
介词+doing/ 名词/从句
25题答案C

（三）非谓语动词的练习题（二）
26．Don't stop and go on ________.
A read B to read C reading
Go on doing sth.继续做某事
Go on to do sth.做另外一个动作
介词+doing

14．He was heard ________ songs loudly late last night. His neighbors (邻居) were angry with him.
A to sing B to singing C sing
To sing: to do
To singing: to doing（一定构成固定搭配）
Sing: do
Be heard to do sth. / be heard doing sth.
答案A
Look forward to doing sth. 盼着做某事
Can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事
Lead to doing sth. 导致
Thanks to doing sth.多亏了
Owe to doing sth.因为
Due to doing sth.归功于
Contribution / contribute to doing sth. 贡献

17．I ________ dancing and singing.
A hope B need C enjoy
Enjoy喜欢
Enjoy doing sth.

19．When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped ________ at once.
A 1aughing B 1aughed C 1augh
Laughing: doing
Laughed:能够理解为过去式或过去分词
Laugh:动词原形。QQ:⑦Ⅱ七0.0Ⅶ0零Ⅷ。
Stop to do sth.
Stop doing sth.
答案A

20．A girl saw it ________ when she was walking past.
A happened B was happening C happen
Happened可又理解为过去式或过去分词
Was happening谓语动词
Happen动词原形
See sb. Do/ doing sth.
答案C

24．One day, I ________ some boys playing in that river.
A asked B saw C made
Ask. 问，要求（接to do）
See:看见（接do或doing）
Make:使，让（接do）
答案B

25．The policeman let the traffic ________ again.
A go B to go C going
Go: do
To go: to do
Going: doing
答案A

18．You'd better ________ in class, boys and girls.
A not to talk B not talk C to not talk
Not to talk: not to do
Not talk: not do
To not talk形式