初中常用的前缀后缀.pptx

初中英语常见的前缀和后缀初中英语常见的前缀和后缀常见的否定前缀常见的否定前缀前前 缀缀意意 义义例例 词词un-不，未(=not)unhappy,unnecessary,unexpected,unusual,相反动作uncover,untie,unlock,undressin-，il-im-，ir-不，非，无 incomplete,impossible.impolite,irregular,inability,dis-表示否定表示相反dishonest,disappear,disagreedislike,disbelievemis-表示错、误mistake,misfortune,不幸 misunderstanding误解前前 缀缀意意 义义例例 词词a-1.1.在在上上/里里2.2.去（去（toto）asleep,along,aloud,asleep,along,aloud,alive,acrossalive,across,abroad,abroad在国在国外外,aboard aboard 在船在船/火车火车/飞机上飞机上com-,con-,cor-,col-共同，和共同，和comment,collect,comment,collect,co-联合、共同联合、共同co-worker,coexistco-worker,coexistre-1.1.再一次，重新再一次，重新 2.2.回，返回，返renew,renew,reborn,rebuild,reborn,rebuild,reappear,reappear,returnreturnfore-时间或位置的时间或位置的“在在前面前面”(=before)(=before)foresee,foreleg,foretellforesee,foreleg,foretell预言预言,foreknow,foreknow预卜预卜pre-在前、事先、预先在前、事先、预先(before)(before)prepay,prewar,preschool,prepay,prewar,preschool,prehistoryprehistory前前 缀缀意意 义义例例 词词post-时间和顺序的时间和顺序的“在后边在后边”(=after)(=after)post-war,post-war,postgraduatepostgraduateinter-互相互相(=between,(=between,among)among)interactinteractinternationalinternationalmulti-多，多种多，多种multinational multinational multi-culturalmulti-culturalmid-中间中间(=middle)(=middle)midday,midnightmidday,midnighttele-远远television,telegramtelevision,telegramde-1.1.否定否定;2.;2.下下;3.;3.强调强调defeat,decode,decrease defeat,decode,decrease en-使使enable,encourageenable,encouragesuper-超级超级、在之上、在之上superpower,superherosuperpower,superhero前前 缀缀意意 义义例例 词词sub-下面的；次下面的；次subway,subtitlesubway,subtitlesemi-半半semi-final,semiconductor(semi-final,semiconductor(半导体）半导体）vice-副副vice-premier,vice-chairmanvice-premier,vice-chairmanuni-单单uniuniformformbi-双双bicyclebicyclemulti-多多multinationalmultinationalauto-自动，自主自动，自主A Automobileutomobile汽车汽车,automation(,automation(自动化）自动化）anti-反、防反、防anti-tank,anti-socialanti-tank,anti-socialex-前前ex-president,ex-wifeex-president,ex-wifetrans-跨越跨越;移移transport,translatetransport,translate写出下面单词的前缀写出下面单词的前缀important重要的_important不重要的appear出现_appear消失correct正确的_correct不正确的lead带领_lead领错_lone单独的 _gas防毒气的_chart自动图表 _operate合作_joy使高兴_net互联网_way地铁_phone电话_use再用找出课文中还有所学词缀的单词找出课文中还有所学词缀的单词说出下列前缀的意思说出下列前缀的意思sub-com-pre-mis-im-un-tele-re-en-uni-trans-a-dis-inter-multi-fore-post-后缀后缀意意 义义 例词例词 表表示示人人 -er从事从事职业的人职业的人teacher,worker,learner-or 与与-er同义同义visitor,educator,translator-eer从事于从事于.的人的人engineer,volunteer,mountaineer-ess女女.的的actress,waitress,hostess-ian.(专专)家家/.工作工作者者politician,musician-ist从事从事.职业职业/文艺文艺/学术的人学术的人artist,socialist,physicist表表示示物物-er从事某工作的物从事某工作的物washer,cooker-or从事某工作的物从事某工作的物conductor导体导体表示人和物的名词后缀表示人和物的名词后缀前前 缀缀意意 义义例例 词词-ing 状态状态feeling，reading-ion/-tion/-sion 动作；过程动作；过程action,decision,pollution,pronunciation-ment 性质；状态性质；状态development，government-ness 性质；状态性质；状态happiness，sadness，illness-ure 状态状态failure，pleasure-th性质性质,状态状态growth,length,wealth,truth其他名词后缀其他名词后缀后缀后缀意意 义义例例 词词-(a)ble可可/能能的的valuable,horrible,-al有有.性质的性质的natural,technical,actual-ic,-ical.性质的，与性质的，与.有关的有关的musical,basic,scientific-ant,-ent.的的important,pleasant,excellent-ish稍带稍带.的的/.语的语的childish,English,Spanish-ive有有.倾向的倾向的/性质的性质的active,expensive-ful充满充满.的的thankful,powerful,tearful-less表示否定表示否定homeless,harmless,wireless-ous充满充满.的，有的，有.特征特征dangerous,famous,nervous-y有有/多多.的，想的，想.的的cloudy,sunny,funny,sleepy-ed有有.的，的，有有.特征的特征的tired,interested,learned博学博学-en由由.构构(制制)成的成的wooden,woolen-ern.方方向向的的eastern,western,southern-ly有有.性质的，性质的，.形状的形状的yearly,daily,orderly,lively形容词后缀形容词后缀differ不同于differ_不同的write写write_作家Japan日本Japan_日本人act表演act_女演员mouth口mouth_一口music音乐music_音乐家entreseressfuliannature自然natur_自然的reason道理reason_有道理的gold金子gold_金的east东east_东方的child孩子child_孩子气的snow雪snow_雪的alableenernishy用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Marywasvery_atthenews,soshelooked_atherhusband,hereyesfullof_(sad).2.He_footballverywellandhewasoneofthebest_inyesterdaysfootballmatch.(play)3.Look!How_Kateislaughing!Sheseemstobethe_girlintheworld(happy).4.Edisonwasagreat_.Duringhislifehehadmany_.(invent)5.Lucyalwayscaresaboutherpersonal_.Shehas_inover60movies.(appear)6.Youareso_tohelpme.Thankyouforyour_.(kindly)sadsadlysadnessplayedplayershappilyhappiestinventorinventionsappearedappearancekindkindness说出下列后缀的意思说出下列后缀的意思-eer-ian-ess-ist-ish-tion-ness-ure-less-ful-ern-ous-able-en-ical后缀后缀用法及意义用法及意义例词例词-ly加加在在形形容容词词之之后后表示某种状态表示某种状态cheerfully,simply,excitedly表示程度表示程度 completely表示时间表示时间recently表示次序表示次序firstly,secondly-ward-wards加在名词或副词后，加在名词或副词后，表示表示“向向.地地”forward,backward,upward,downward,towards,northward副词后缀副词后缀意意 义义例例 词词-ate使成为，成为使成为，成为.educate,translate,calculate-en变为，使有变为，使有darken,weaken,deepen,sharpen,frighten-fy使成为，使使成为，使.化化beautify,satisfy-ize-ize变成，变成，.化化modernize,realize,动词后缀动词后缀意意 义义例例 词词-teen 十几十几 thirteen-ty 几十几十twenty-th构成序数词构成序数词fifth数词后缀数词后缀wide宽的wide_加宽beauty美beaut_美化real现实的real_意识到organ机关,器官organ_组织angry生气的angr_生气地to到to_朝，向sixsix_十六six_第十六fourf_四十f_第四十nifyizeizeilywardsteenteenthortyortieth分类构成例词形容词后缀-able 有某种能力的 comfortable，unforgettable-al 有某种特征的natural，traditional-an 某国或洲人的American，African-ed 有能力的talented，balanced-en 某种材料的golden，wooden-ese 某国人的Chinese，Japanese-ful 有某种特征的beautiful，hopeful，useful-less 表示否定careless，endless，useless-ous 有某种特征的nervous，dangerous-y 表示天气或特征 dirty，rainy-ly 有某种特征的friendly-ive 有某种特征的active，expensive-agemarriage,luggage,postage邮费邮费-urefailure,temperature,pressure,pleasure,-itymajority,opportunity,-mentargument,statement,achievement,amusement,equipment-ismcommunism,criticism,internationalism,socialism-anceappearance,entrance,-domkingdom,wisdom,freedom-ydifficulty,discovery,bravery,machinery-alarrival,refusal,disapproval,-nesskindness,illness,brightness,selflessness,correctness-shipcitizenship,friendship,professorship,hardship,comradeship-hoodchildhood,brotherhood,兄弟情谊，兄弟情谊，-thstrength,growth,length,wealth,truth-erybravery,slavery,chemistry,surgery,machinery抽象名词和集体名词的后缀抽象名词和集体名词的后缀1.前缀前缀加前缀一般不改变词类，而只是改变原词的词义。加前缀一般不改变词类，而只是改变原词的词义。分类分类构成构成例词例词构成反义词的前缀dis-disagree，disappear，dislikeim-impolite，impossibleun-unable，uncertain，unhappy表示特定意思的前缀down-往下downloadkilo-千kilometreman-人，由人man-mademis-错误地mistake，misunderstandre-重新，再次rebuild，retell可以改变词性的前缀a-加在名词前构成形容词或副词asleep，aboard，asideen-加在名词或形容词前构成动词encourage，enable，enrich2后缀后缀加后缀一般只改变原词的词性。加后缀一般只改变原词的词性。分类构成例词名词后缀-er 从事某工作的人dancer，driver-ing 状态feeling，reading-ion/-tion/-sion 动作；过程action，decision-ist 专业人员scientist，terrorist-ment 性质；状态development，government-ness 性质；状态happiness，sadness-or 从事某事的人actor，visitor-tion 动作；过程invention，pronunciation-ure 状态failure，pleasure分类构成例词形容词后缀-able 有某种能力的comfortable，unforgettable-al 有某种特征的natural，traditional-an 某国或洲人的American，African-ed 有能力的talented，balanced-en 某种材料的golden，wooden-ese 某国人的Chinese，Japanese-ful 有某种特征的beautiful，hopeful，useful-less 表示否定careless，endless，useless-ous 有某种特征的nervous，dangerous-y 表示天气或特征dirty，rainy-ly 有某种特征的friendly-ive 有某种特征的active，expensive分类构成例词副词后缀-ly 地carefully，happily，clearly数词后缀-teen 十几thirteen-ty 几十twenty-th 构成序数词 fifth后缀后缀用法及意义用法及意义例词例词-ly加加在在形形容容词词之之后后表示某种状态表示某种状态cheerfully,slightly,simply,possibly,excitedly表示某个方面表示某个方面economically,technically表示程度或范表示程度或范围围 completely表示时间表示时间recently,表示次序表示次序firstly,secondly表示方向表示方向eastwardly,northwardly-ward-wards-wise加在名词或副词后，加在名词或副词后，表示表示“向向.地地”forward,backward,upward,downward,towards,northward,otherwise,clockwise副词后缀副词后缀