1、Products of adipocytes which may be relevant to the Products of adipocytes which may be relevant to the pathophysiology of the metabolic syndromepathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome脂肪组织脂肪组织新的内分泌器官新的内分泌器官(qgun)(qgun)ResistinResistin(2001)(2001)AdiponectinAdiponectin(1991)(1991)Vitronectin(2000)V
2、itronectin(2000)PPARsOmentinOmentin(2003)(2003)第一页,共三十九页。病因病因(bngyn)(bngyn)(bngyn)(bngyn)/机理机理遗传因素遗传因素遗传因素遗传因素环境因素环境因素环境因素环境因素ACACACAC肥大肥大肥大肥大/增殖增殖增殖增殖AdipocytokinesAdipocytokinesAdipocytokinesAdipocytokinesTNF-TNF-TNF-TNF-NEFANEFANEFANEFAIL-6IL-6IL-6IL-6ResistinResistinResistinResistinPAI-1PAI-1PAI
3、-1PAI-1 APAP第二页,共三十九页。VFVF(omental F)(omental F)apM 1apM 1OmentinOmentinMSIRIGT高血压高血压血脂异常血脂异常(ychng)DC,2003,26:2442第三页,共三十九页。AC/IRAC/IR新概念新概念(ginin)(ginin)(ginin)(ginin)ACAC致致m IRm IR AC AC致致L L IR IR AC AC致心肌致心肌IRIR AC AC致胰致胰IRIR AC AC致内皮致内皮IRIR AC AC致致ACAC自身自身IRIR第四页,共三十九页。TNF-TNF-妨碍肌、脂妨碍肌、脂InsIns
4、信号转导信号转导 Glut4 Glut4表达、转位表达、转位 肌、脂肌、脂G G摄取摄取糖原合成糖原合成 脂解,脂解,NEFANEFA Adipostat Adipostat,TNF-/leptin,TNF-/leptin,限制限制ACAC体体积增大积增大 促进细胞调亡,肿瘤恶病质有关促进细胞调亡,肿瘤恶病质有关 IL-6 IL-6第五页,共三十九页。IL-6IL-6,(来源,(来源(liyun)(liyun)(liyun)(liyun)MPMP,LCLC,ACAC)The most endocrine CK The most endocrine CK The most endocrine C
5、K The most endocrine CKTNF-CRPCRPCRPCRPOB-low grade inflammatory stateAsOB-low grade inflammatory stateAsOB-low grade inflammatory stateAsOB-low grade inflammatory stateAsHPA AXISHPA AXISACACIL-6IL-6(一)(一)(一)(一)F F脂肝、脂脑对话脂肝、脂脑对话脂肝、脂脑对话脂肝、脂脑对话肝肝肝肝TG TG TG TG 脂解脂解脂解脂解OPOPOPOPE E E E2 2 2 2()()第六页,共三十九
6、页。Resistin(2001)Resistin(2001)ChCh1919(人)(人)仅于仅于WATWAT特异表达特异表达 抗抗抗抗resistin-Abresistin-Abresistin-Abresistin-Ab处理处理处理处理(chl)(chl)(chl)(chl),In-Med-GIn-Med-GIn-Med-GIn-Med-G摄取摄取摄取摄取,BGBGBGBG TZD TZD(PPAR-PPAR-配基)下调配基)下调resistinresistin第七页,共三十九页。肥胖肥胖肥胖肥胖(fipng)(fipng)(fipng)(fipng)ResistinDM2ResistinD
7、M2ResistinDM2ResistinDM2SISIIGTIGTDM2DM2第八页,共三十九页。肥胖肥胖肥胖肥胖(fipng)(fipng)(fipng)(fipng)ResistinDM2ResistinDM2ResistinDM2ResistinDM2SISIIGTIGTDM2DM2PPAR-PPAR-TZDTZDLink btw ob&DM2第九页,共三十九页。网膜素网膜素网膜素网膜素又一新发现的脂肪激素又一新发现的脂肪激素又一新发现的脂肪激素又一新发现的脂肪激素(2003)(2003)313 A.A313 A.A作用:作用:作用:作用:vv 促进促进促进促进AC InsAC Ins
8、介导的介导的介导的介导的GG运转运转运转运转(ynzhun)(ynzhun)vv Akt/PKB Akt/PKBvv 调节能量代谢及胰岛素信号调节能量代谢及胰岛素信号调节能量代谢及胰岛素信号调节能量代谢及胰岛素信号Ibid 2003 52(s1):A1Ibid 2003 52(s1):A1第十页,共三十九页。NEFA-NEFA-信号信号(xnho)(xnho)(xnho)(xnho)分子分子FAFAGGGlutGlut4 4 mmHGP/HPOHGP/HPOInInL LB.cB.cB.cB.c E.c E.c NONO,血管,血管,血管,血管(xugun)(xugun)舒舒舒舒张张张张 第十
9、一页,共三十九页。Ectopic deposition of lipidsEctopic deposition of lipids NEFA-OX FFA Reesterificationnon-ACNEFA-OX FFA Reesterificationnon-ACNEFA-OX FFA Reesterificationnon-ACNEFA-OX FFA Reesterificationnon-ACmL L、cE.cIR第十二页,共三十九页。、c FA Spilloverc FA Spillover Lipotoxicity of non-ox metabolic pathway Lepti
10、n Lipotoxicity of non-ox metabolic pathway Leptin Lipotoxicity of non-ox metabolic pathway Leptin Lipotoxicity of non-ox metabolic pathway Leptin resistanceresistanceresistanceresistance对对对对 、c c c c 保护保护保护保护(boh)(boh)(boh)(boh)作用作用作用作用Fatty Acyl coAFatty Acyl coATGTGMembraneMembraneDisruptionDisrup
11、tion(Detergent)(Detergent)CeramideCeramideiNOSiNOS ApoptosisApoptosisLipidLipidPeroxidationPeroxidation第十三页,共三十九页。、c FA Spilloverc FA Spillover Lipotoxicity of non-ox metabolic pathway Leptin Lipotoxicity of non-ox metabolic pathway Leptin Lipotoxicity of non-ox metabolic pathway Leptin Lipotoxicity
12、 of non-ox metabolic pathway Leptin resistanceresistanceresistanceresistance对对对对 、c c c c 保护保护保护保护(boh)(boh)(boh)(boh)作用作用作用作用Fatty Acyl coAFatty Acyl coATGTGMembraneMembraneDisruptionDisruption(Detergent)(Detergent)CeramideCeramideiNOSiNOS ApoptosisApoptosisLipidLipidPeroxidationPeroxidationTZDTZD第
13、十四页,共三十九页。Adiponectin mutation and multimerization第十五页,共三十九页。Arg 112 cys Ile 164 ThrArg 112 cys Ile 164 ThrTrimerTrimerGly 84 Arg Gly 90 SerGly 84 Arg Gly 90 Sermultimermultimer Adiponectin AdiponectinDMDMWaki H,et al,Diabetes,2003,52(s1):A1Waki H,et al,Diabetes,2003,52(s1):A1第十六页,共三十九页。APM 1 3qAPM
14、1 3qAPM 1 3qAPM 1 3q27272727(Acrp 30)(Acrp 30)(Acrp 30)(Acrp 30)(分化分化分化分化(fnhu)(fnhu)(fnhu)(fnhu)ACACACAC特异表达特异表达特异表达特异表达)FFA oXFFA oXFFA oXFFA oXBGBGBGBGMS DM obMS DM ob第十七页,共三十九页。APM1 3q27APM1 3q27(单信型(单信型(单信型(单信型Promotor/ExonPromotor/Exon单核苷多态性)单核苷多态性)单核苷多态性)单核苷多态性)MSMS(IRIR)DMDM2 2ObFroguel P.第十
15、八页,共三十九页。DGAT2-5LeptinDGAT2-5Leptin抵抗抵抗(dkng)(dkng)(dkng)(dkng)IRS2 ObIRS2 ObIRS2 ObIRS2 Ob,LPLPLPLP抵抗,抵抗,抵抗,抵抗,ACACACAC肥大肥大肥大肥大DGAT2 Gene DGAT2 Gene DGAT2 Gene DGAT2 Gene 上调上调上调上调WATWATWATWATDGAT1 Gene DGAT1 Gene DGAT1 Gene DGAT1 Gene 下调下调下调下调(xi dio)(xi dio)(xi dio)(xi dio)WATWATWATWATDGAT2 Gene D
16、GAT2 Gene DGAT2 Gene DGAT2 Gene 表达表达表达表达LP ACLP ACLP ACLP AC肥大肥大肥大肥大(fid)(fid)(fid)(fid)第十九页,共三十九页。通过通过通过通过(tnggu)(tnggu)(tnggu)(tnggu)两条途径两条途径两条途径两条途径 肥胖肥胖肥胖肥胖(fipng)(fipng)(fipng)(fipng)DM2DM2DM2DM2相关的机理相关的机理相关的机理相关的机理ACAdipocytokinesACAdipocytokinesACAdipocytokinesACAdipocytokinesIRIRIRIR糖、脂代谢糖、脂
17、代谢糖、脂代谢糖、脂代谢(dixi)(dixi)(dixi)(dixi)异异异异常常常常、c c c c功能障碍功能障碍功能障碍功能障碍IGTDM2IGTDM2IGTDM2IGTDM2第二十页,共三十九页。第二十一页,共三十九页。糖尿病脂代谢糖尿病脂代谢(dixi)(dixi)异常异常FFA-OxFFA-OxFFA-OxFFA-OxNon-OxNon-OxNon-OxNon-OxMM-cell-cellLL(Non Ac fat contentNon Ac fat contentNon Ac fat contentNon Ac fat content)(ectopic deposition o
18、f fatectopic deposition of fatectopic deposition of fatectopic deposition of fat)LipotoxicityLipotoxicityLipotoxicityLipotoxicityhypothesishypothesishypothesishypothesis第二十二页,共三十九页。肥胖糖尿病肥胖糖尿病肥胖糖尿病肥胖糖尿病细胞细胞细胞细胞(xbo)(xbo)(xbo)(xbo)脂中毒脂中毒脂中毒脂中毒DMDMDMDMPre-Ob Period Pre-Ob Period Pre-Ob Period Pre-Ob Pe
19、riod 5wk Ob ZDF 5wk Ob ZDF 5wk Ob ZDF 5wk Ob ZDF 胰岛结构、功能正常胰岛结构、功能正常胰岛结构、功能正常胰岛结构、功能正常Ob Pre-DM(7-9WK),Ob Pre-DM(7-9WK),Ob Pre-DM(7-9WK),Ob Pre-DM(7-9WK),胰岛增生,胰岛增生,胰岛增生,胰岛增生,CCCC团团团团4x4x4x4x 高胰岛素血症高胰岛素血症高胰岛素血症高胰岛素血症DMDMDMDM(10-12WK)TG10-12WK)TG10-12WK)TG10-12WK)TG积聚积聚积聚积聚-50X-50X-50X-50X(达峰)(达峰)(达峰)(
20、达峰)C C C C死亡死亡死亡死亡(swng)(swng)(swng)(swng),C C C C团显著团显著团显著团显著 C C C C功能大减,功能大减,功能大减,功能大减,DMDMDMDM发生发生发生发生Unger RH,et al,Diabets,2001,50:S118Unger RH,et al,Diabets,2001,50:S118Unger RH,et al,Diabets,2001,50:S118Unger RH,et al,Diabets,2001,50:S118第二十三页,共三十九页。J.Denis McGarry,PhDJ.Denis McGarry,PhDChri
21、stopher B.Newgard,PhDChristopher B.Newgard,PhD第二十四页,共三十九页。脂代谢异常可能为脂代谢异常可能为脂代谢异常可能为脂代谢异常可能为DM2DM2DM2DM2的主要或原发事件的主要或原发事件的主要或原发事件的主要或原发事件(shjin)(shjin)(shjin)(shjin)为为为为DM2DM2DM2DM2的基的基的基的基本的病理生理变化本的病理生理变化本的病理生理变化本的病理生理变化DiabesityDiabetes MelDiabetes MellipilipitustusDMDMZimmet,Mc Garry,NewgardZimmet,M
22、c Garry,Newgard第二十五页,共三十九页。针对糖脂中毒针对糖脂中毒(zhng d)(zhng d)(zhng d)(zhng d)所致所致IRIR的的治疗治疗第二十六页,共三十九页。PPAR/TZD-IRPPAR/TZD-IR 小小Ac,Ins sensitiveAc,Ins sensitive 大大Ac (FFAAc (FFA,TNF-TNF-)抗炎,抗抗炎,抗AsAs(抑制(抑制(yzh)(yzh)(yzh)(yzh))第二十七页,共三十九页。TZD TZDSelectively promote adipogenesis in sc Selectively promote ad
23、ipogenesis in sc and not in visceral sites.and not in visceral sites.Enable the redistribution of body Enable the redistribution of body fat away fr the“dangerous”ob fat away fr the“dangerous”ob sites,towards safer sc ones.sites,towards safer sc ones.第二十八页,共三十九页。Time(Weeks)Time(Weeks)Relative NFB bi
24、nding activityRelative NFB binding activity*After TZD RAfter TZD RAfter TZD RAfter TZD R第二十九页,共三十九页。Time(Weeks)Time(Weeks)Plasma CRP(ng/ml)Plasma CRP(ng/ml)*After TZD RAfter TZD RAfter TZD RAfter TZD R第三十页,共三十九页。二甲双胍能改善胰岛素抵抗二甲双胍能改善胰岛素抵抗在大鼠中逆转葡萄糖毒性在大鼠中逆转葡萄糖毒性(d xn)(d xn)和脂肪毒性和脂肪毒性(d xn)(d xn)胰岛素分泌胰岛素
25、分泌(fnm)(pg/islet per 30 min.)90200300 mg/dl培养液中的葡萄糖浓度培养液中的葡萄糖浓度培养液中的葡萄糖浓度培养液中的葡萄糖浓度(nngd)(nngd)(nngd)(nngd)Patan et alPatan et alDiabetes 49,735,2000Diabetes 49,735,2000对照的胰岛细胞对照的胰岛细胞游离脂肪酸培养液中培养游离脂肪酸培养液中培养4848小时小时二甲双胍二甲双胍培养液中培养培养液中培养2424小时小时只在游离脂肪酸培养液中只在游离脂肪酸培养液中培养培养4848小时小时第三十一页,共三十九页。二甲二甲(r ji)(r
26、ji)双胍在体内、外双胍在体内、外改善改善脂肪组织脂肪组织的胰岛素敏感性的胰岛素敏感性H H 胰岛素受体数目和胰岛素受体数目和胰岛素受体数目和胰岛素受体数目和/或亲和力或亲和力或亲和力或亲和力H H 胰岛素受体酪氨酸激酶活性胰岛素受体酪氨酸激酶活性胰岛素受体酪氨酸激酶活性胰岛素受体酪氨酸激酶活性H H 脂肪组织中的葡萄糖转运,通过下列脂肪组织中的葡萄糖转运,通过下列脂肪组织中的葡萄糖转运,通过下列脂肪组织中的葡萄糖转运,通过下列(xili)(xili)(xili)(xili)方式:方式:方式:方式:GLUTGLUTGLUTGLUT4 4 4 4 的基因表达的基因表达的基因表达的基因表达 GLU
27、TGLUTGLUTGLUT4 4 4 4 的活性的活性的活性的活性H H 葡萄糖氧化和糖原合成葡萄糖氧化和糖原合成葡萄糖氧化和糖原合成葡萄糖氧化和糖原合成Cusi&DeFronzoCusi&DeFronzoDiabetes Reviews,6:89-131,1998Diabetes Reviews,6:89-131,1998第三十二页,共三十九页。二甲双胍对人体脂肪组织和二甲双胍对人体脂肪组织和游离脂肪酸代谢游离脂肪酸代谢(dixi)(dixi)(dixi)(dixi)的影响的影响H H早期对高甘油三酯水平的非糖尿病患者和早期对高甘油三酯水平的非糖尿病患者和早期对高甘油三酯水平的非糖尿病患者和
28、早期对高甘油三酯水平的非糖尿病患者和2 2 2 2型糖尿病患者的研究发现,游型糖尿病患者的研究发现,游型糖尿病患者的研究发现,游型糖尿病患者的研究发现,游离脂肪酸的生成降低离脂肪酸的生成降低离脂肪酸的生成降低离脂肪酸的生成降低20-30%20-30%20-30%20-30%,并改善脂质代谢,并改善脂质代谢,并改善脂质代谢,并改善脂质代谢(dixi)(dixi)(dixi)(dixi)(Muntoni et al,1973-4;Schonborn et al,1975)Muntoni et al,1973-4;Schonborn et al,1975)H H可以使空腹和可以使空腹和可以使空腹和可
29、以使空腹和/或餐后游离脂肪酸下降或餐后游离脂肪酸下降或餐后游离脂肪酸下降或餐后游离脂肪酸下降10-20%10-20%10-20%10-20%(Reaven et al-1992,Wu-1990,Jeppesen-1994,Abbasi-1997;Riccio,1991;Perriello,Reaven et al-1992,Wu-1990,Jeppesen-1994,Abbasi-1997;Riccio,1991;Perriello,1994;DeFronzo,1991&Gregorio,1997-only in obese)1994;DeFronzo,1991&Gregorio,1997-o
30、nly in obese)H H用碳用碳用碳用碳14141414标记的棕榈酸以及非直接性的热量计研究脂质代谢发现,对总体的标记的棕榈酸以及非直接性的热量计研究脂质代谢发现,对总体的标记的棕榈酸以及非直接性的热量计研究脂质代谢发现,对总体的标记的棕榈酸以及非直接性的热量计研究脂质代谢发现,对总体的血脂代谢和游离脂肪酸代谢血脂代谢和游离脂肪酸代谢血脂代谢和游离脂肪酸代谢血脂代谢和游离脂肪酸代谢没有影响没有影响没有影响没有影响(DeFronzo,1991-no change in lean subjects;Shepherd,1994-neither in lean or DeFronzo,1991
31、-no change in lean subjects;Shepherd,1994-neither in lean or obese;Cusi,1996;Johnson 1993;Stumvoll,1995;Fery,1997)obese;Cusi,1996;Johnson 1993;Stumvoll,1995;Fery,1997)H H对脂肪组织的总体影响似乎比较小。对脂肪组织的总体影响似乎比较小。对脂肪组织的总体影响似乎比较小。对脂肪组织的总体影响似乎比较小。第三十三页,共三十九页。Direct and Indirect Cardiovascular Protective Direct a
32、nd Indirect Cardiovascular Protective Effects of Metformin TtherapyEffects of Metformin Ttherapy hyperglycemila hyperglycemila diastolic functiondiastolic function total cholesterol levels total cholesterol levels VLDL-c VLDL-c LDL-c LDL-c HDL-c HDL-c oxidative stress oxidative stress vascular relax
33、ationvascular relaxation PAI-1 PAI-1 platelet aggregation and adhesion platelet aggregation and adhesion第三十四页,共三十九页。MF and FFAAnn Intern Med,2002 Ann Intern Med,2002 第三十五页,共三十九页。Cellular mechanisms of MF action in the ve SMC and cardiomyocytesCellular mechanisms of MF action in the ve SMC and cardio
34、myocytesibid 2002ibid 2002第三十六页,共三十九页。DC 2003,26,802DC 2003,26,802第三十七页,共三十九页。The EndThe EndThank youThank you第三十八页,共三十九页。内容(nirng)总结Products of adipocytes which may be relevant to the pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome。脂肪组织新的内分泌器官。肌、脂G摄取糖原合成。抗resistin-Ab处理,In-Med-G摄取,BG。肥胖ResistinDM2。网膜(wngm)素又一新发现的脂肪激素(2003)。C死亡,C团显著第三十九页,共三十九页。