2023年词汇测试题真题阅读中的多义词汇第二部分和答案.doc

词汇测试题（4）9707真题阅读中旳多义词汇（第二部分）词汇测试（4）9707真题阅读中旳多义词汇（第二部分）Text 11.Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. 2.Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. 3.If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. 4.If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and itll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairmans notorious bad taste in ties. 5.With other audiences you mustnt attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. 6.You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. 7.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural, include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. 8.Often its the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark. 9.Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor. 10.It can be inferred from the text that public services have often been the laughing stock.11.To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered in well-worded language.Text 21.Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. 2.And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close. 3.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. 4.Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. 5.And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. 6.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves goals that pose a real challenge. 7.“While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we cant yet give a robot enough common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world.” 8.Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year , researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries. 9.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brains roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented and human perception far more complicated than previously imagined. 10.But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. 11.The most advanced computer systems on Earth cant approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still dont know quite how we do it. 12.According to the text, what is beyond mans ability now is to design a robot that can have a little common sense.Text 31.Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $ 26 a barrel, up from less than $ 10 last December. 2.This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, when they also almost tripled. 3.Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. 4.So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? 5.Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.6.In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. 7.In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past. 8.Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. 9.For each dollar of GDP (inconstant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. 10The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $ 22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $ 13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25%-0.5% of GDP.11.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand.12.The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP.Text 41.The Supreme Courts decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.2.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect,” a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.3.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. 4.Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death.” 5.George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. 6.On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. 7.Just three weeks before the Courts ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life.8.It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care. 9.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. Text 11.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule.2.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. 3.Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. 4.A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.5.Although the process of professionalization and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. 6.Theauthor writes of the development of geology to demonstrate the process of specialization and professionalization.Text 21.A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. 2.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. 3.Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. 4.And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that weve ever had.5.And the Internet is not the only tool we have. 6.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. 7.The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off youre going to be. Text 31.The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. 2.Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each days events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.3.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and theyre less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.4The astonishing distrust of the news media isnt rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.5.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. 6.The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be somewhat contradictory.Text 41.The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. 2.Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. 3.Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. 4.International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. 5.This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.6.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands. 7.Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. 8.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. 9.Wont multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? 10. And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?Text 51.A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.2.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americansterm “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. 3.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. 4.Downshifting also known in America as “voluntary simplicity” has, ironically, evenbred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism. 5.There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid- 90s equivalent of dropping out.6.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late 80s and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.7.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80s, down-shifting in the mid- 90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one as