(精)人教版八年级英语下册单元语法归纳及练习全套.pdf

人教版八年级英语下册单元语法归纳及练习全套人教版八年级英语下册单元语法归纳及练习全套Unit 1Unit 1 重点语法重点语法教学目标：掌握情态动词教学目标：掌握情态动词 shouldshould 的用法的用法掌握反身代词的用法掌握反身代词的用法1.情态动词 should 的用法(1)情态动词 should 后接动词原形，变为一般疑问句时将should 提前，变为否定句时在should 后面加 not。We should listen to our teacher carefully in class.Should I tell him the news right now?We shouldn t come late to school.(2)should 常用于以下两种情况：提出建议、观点或看法。You loo tired.You should lie down and rest.表示推测，意为“该，按理应当”。Wait a minute.I thin he should come in a moment.2.反身代词(1)反身代词的构成反身代词是表示或强调自身的代词，有人称和数之分。第一、二人称反身代词由“形容词性物主代词+self(单数)或 selves(复数)”构成；第三人称则由“宾格人称代词+self(单数)或 selves(复数)”构成。详见下表：人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myself 我自己yourself 你自己himself 他自己herself 她自己itself 它自己(2)反身代词的用法 做宾语You must loo after yourself well and eep healthy.1复数（-selves）ourselves 我们自己yourselves 你们自己themselves 他/她/它们自己The child can dress himself.做同位语He didnt often go shopping himself.=He himself didnt often go shopping.做主语在现代英语中，反身代词一般不能独立用作主语，但是它可以借助 and,or,nor 等连词与其他名词一起构成并列主语（且位于并列主语的后部），以及用于某些特殊结构（如 as.as等）。My brother and myself went there yesterday.He was as anious as myself.Jims sister and himself get up at si every day.(3)含反身代词的短语小结by oneself 独自，单独for oneself 亲自teach oneself 自学learn.by oneself 自学enjoy oneself 玩得开心say to oneself 自言自语dress oneself 穿衣服help oneself to.随意吃/喝点.I am able to do it by myself.I teach myself English in my spare time.They enjoyed themselves at the party.基础巩固基础巩固1.-Many people play with mobile phones all day instead of reading boos.-Thats too bad.Everyone _ be a boo lover.Reading is more enjoyable.A.mayB.shouldC.would2.-Your uncle is very good at cooing!How did he learn it?-He learned it by _.A.HimB.himselfC.herD.herself专项提升专项提升一、单句语法填空1.We should _(learn)to study by ourselves.22.After coming bac from the storm,she felt she was not _(she).3.“Youre old enough,boy.Youd better do it _(you).”my father said to me.4.Its too dangerous for the young children to play near the river by _(they).5.My brother is always strict with _(he).二、根据汉语意思完成句子6.你应该听你父母的话。You _ your parents.7.他们不应该在走廊里跑。They _ in the hallway.8.昨天他们在聚会上玩得很开心。They _ at the party yesterday.9.没有人教她，她自学了英语。Nobody taught her and she _ English _.10.我们应该做什么？_ we do?能力提升能力提升单项填空1.Lina and itty will go to Greenery Theme Par by _ net Sunday.A.theyB.themC.theirD.themselves2.Dogs _ run through soccer games at the par.Its dangerous!A.shouldB.shouldntC.needD.neednt3.Lucily,he didnt hurt _ terribly yesterday,and he will be better soon.A.heB.themselvesC.himselfD.they4.To my surprise,he sold _ house at such a low price.A.heB.himC.hisD.himself5.-Did you mae the ite _,ids?-No,our uncle made it for us.A.yourselvesB.yourselfC.themselves6.As middle school students,we _ be afraid of difficulties if we want to mae ourdreams come true.A.mustB.shouldntC.need7.Peter doesnt feel sure of _ in his new school.3A.heB.himC.hisD.himself答案：基础巩固1-2 BB专项提升1.learn2.herself3.yourself4.themselves5.himself6.should listen to7.shouldn trun8.enjoyed themselves/had fun9.learned;by herself10.What should能力提升1-5 DBCCA6-7 BDUnit 2Unit 2 重点语法重点语法教学目标：掌握不定式几种重要用法教学目标：掌握不定式几种重要用法1.动词不定式动词不定式的基本结构为“to+动词原形”（有时可不加 to）。在句中除了不能充当谓语外，其他成分都可以充当，如：主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。此处主要讲做宾语补足语和状语的用法。(1)做宾语补足语。动词不定式做宾语补足语，放在宾语的后面，表示宾语是什么或怎么样。有 to do 和 to be两种形式。The doctor advised him to tae a good rest.I find English to be very easy.注意：在 as,tell,encourage,get,wish,want,would lie,find,advise,teach 等动词或短语之后，常接带 to 的不定式做宾语补足语。We ased him to sing a pop song at the party.我们请他在聚会上唱一首流行歌曲。动词不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式符号 to 在使役动词(have,mae,let)、感官动词(feel,4hear,watch,see,notice 等)的后面时要省略。但它们变为被动语态时，不定式符号 to 不能省略。The boss made the worers wor over ten hours a day in the past.=The worers were made to wor over ten hours a day by the boss in the past.动词 help 接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式符号 to 可省略也可不省略。He often comes to help us(to)do some farm wor.拓展动词不定式在 listen to,loo at 后做宾语补足语时，常省略 to。I listened to him sing.我听到他唱歌。动词不定式在 had better 等词组后做宾语时，省略 to。You d better go home at once.(2)做状语 表目的：不定式可放在句子的前面也可放在句子的末尾。但在句中前面时，不定式常与句子用逗号隔开；而在句子末尾时，一般不用逗号隔开。To get there on time,we set out at five in the morning.We set out at five in the morning to get there on time.表结果：不定式做结果状语，一般位于句子末尾。I went to the classroom,to discover it empty.2.动词短语动词短语是指动词和介词或副词等搭配而成的短语，如 clean up,give out,cheer up,put off,set up,thin up,tae after,fi up,give away,put up,hand out等。动词短语主要有以下四种构成形式：(1)动词+介词这类动词短语主要有：agree with,as for,arrive at/in,begin with,come from,get to,get on,get off,hear of,noc at/on,laugh at,loo at,loo after,loo for,listen to,wait for,tae after等。注意：这类动词短语后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。I am looing for my pen.I have been looing for it for two hours.(2)动词+副词5这类动词短语主要有：find out,get bac,give out,loo up,put on,put up,put off,pass on,turnon/off,tae out,write down,wae up,wor out,put away,thin up 等。注意：这类动词短语后面的宾语是名词时，名词可放在副词之前，也可放在副词之后；宾语是代词时，代词只能放在副词之前。Please pic up the pen.=Please pic the pen up.Can you pic it up?(3)动词+名词+介词这类动词短语有：have a loo at,mae friends with,pay attention to,tae care of,loo forward to等。注意：在这类动词短语中，宾语都放在介词之后。You should pay more attention to your pronunciation.(4)动词+形容词+介词这类动词短语主要有：be angry with,be busy with,be good/bad for,be different from,be latefor,be interested in,be famous for,be good at 等。Dont be angry with him.He is only a child.基础巩固基础巩固1.These people dress themselves in bloody shar suits.They tell people _ shar fins inorder to protect shars.A.eatB.to eatC.not eatD.not to eat2.Alan often goes to the old peoples home _ up the old and loo after them.A.to cheerB.cheerC.cheers3.No one can be right all the time.When people mae mistaes,we shouldnt _ them.A.wait forB.send forC.noc atD.laugh at4.-Alice,dont put your things here._.-O,I will.A.Put away themB.Put on themC.Put them awayD.Put them on5.Yunnan is beautiful and Im _ visiting it again.A.eeping clear ofB.suffering fromC.looing forward to6D.running away from6.-Hainan _ its blue sy and fresh air.-So it is.Thats why more and more visitors spend their holidays here.A.is wea inB.is famous forC.is use to专项提升专项提升单句语法填空1.He wants _(put)up some signs asing for old toys.2.Maria plans _(be)a teacher because she loves children.3.I want to learn more about how _(care)for animals.4.They will get together _(discuss)this question.5.We need to mae more young people _(learn)shadow puppet（木偶）plays so that itwont disappear in China.6.That is the only way we can imagine _(reduce)the waste of water in the bathroom.7.Last year,she decided _(try)out for a volunteer after-school reading program.8.Would you lie _(go)and have a picnic with us tomorrow?9.She hopes _(be)a volunteer during this summer vacation.10.Please promise _(not tell)lies any more,will you?能力提升能力提升单项填空1.The girl was made _ her brothers clothes.A.to washB.washC.washing2.My sister with my parents _ dumplings when I got home yesterday evening.A.are maingB.is maingC.was maingD.were maing3.-Who _ your pet dogs while you were out for a holiday?-My neighbor,a warm-hearted woman.A.put onB.looed afterC.gave upD.turned off4.Our teacher _ a booshelf at the bac of our classroom to mae a small reading corner.A.piced upB.put upC.too upD.got up5.The light went out suddenly.It was very dar and _ could be seen clearly.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything6.-How do you lie this speech?-I lie it very much and it can _ me _ to achieve my dream.7A.cheer;upB.connect;withC.let;downD.tae;up7.On my way home,I saw a granny（奶奶）fall down.I offered help first and then _the police.A.called upB.cared forC.cheered upD.found out答案：答案：基础巩固：基础巩固：1-6 DADCCB1-6 DADCCB专项提升：专项提升：1.to put1.to put2.to be2.to be3.to care3.to care4.to discuss4.to discuss5.learn5.learn6.to reduce6.to reduce7.to try7.to try8.to go8.to go9.to be9.to be10.not to tell10.not to tell能力提升：能力提升：1-5 ACBBC1-5 ACBBC6-7 AA6-7 AAUnit 3Unit 3 重点语法重点语法教学目标：掌握教学目标：掌握 Could you please.?Could you please.?句型的用法句型的用法Could you please.?句型(1)请求别人帮忙做某事时通常用此句型，也可以说：Can you.please?情态动词could 或 can 在这里均表示请求，在意思上无区别，但是用 could 比 can 在语气上更显得委婉、客气、诚恳。在日常生活中常使用 Could you/I.?若在句末加上 please，则显得更礼貌。Could you please help me find my boo,please?你能帮我找到我的书吗？(2)对 Could you/I.?的问句做出肯定回答，常用“Sure/Certainly/Of course.”等；如果做否定回答，常用“Sorry./Oh,please dont.”一般不用 no 开头，用 no 显得语气生硬、不礼貌。-Could you give me a bottle of orange juice,please?-Sure.Here you are.-Could you carry the bo for me?-Sorry,I cant.Im busy now.(3)表示请求的其他句式：Would you please lie to do sth.?Would you mind doing sth.?Lets do sth.8Shall I/we do sth.?Please do sth.典型例题典型例题基础巩固基础巩固1.-Hi,Jac!Could you come to our English party?-Sorry,I _.I have to loo after my little sister at home.A.mustB.couldC.cant2.-Jeff,could you tell me how to order a tai through“Didi”?-_.A.Youre welcomeB.SureC.Tae it easyD.It doesnt matter3.-Could I borrow your bie please?-_.A.Of course you canB.It doesnt matterC.Yes,Id love toD.No,than you4.-Could you please sweep the floor?Im going to coo dinner?-_.Ill do it at once,Mom.5.-Could I use your pencil for a moment,please?-_.A.SureB.ReallyC.RightD.It doesnt matter专项提升专项提升用 cant,could,must 与 have to 填空6.-_ you lend me some money?-Sure.How much do you need?7.-_ you please clean the living room、-Sorry,I _.I _ do my homewor now.8.Li Yundi _ play the piano very well then he was 7 years old.9.-Could I go out for dinner、-No，you _ do your homewor.10.-What about seeing a new film this evening?-I am afraid I _.I _ finish my math eercises this evening.9答案：答案：1-5 CBADA1-5 CBADA6.6.CouldCould7.7.Could;Could;cancan t;t;havehave to/to/mustmust8.8.couldcould9.9.havehave toto/mustmust10.10.cancan t;t;have to/musthave to/mustUnit 4Unit 4 重点语法重点语法教学目标：掌握表达建议的常考句型。教学目标：掌握表达建议的常考句型。掌握连词掌握连词 until,so thatuntil,so that 及及 althoughalthough 引导的状语从句的用法引导的状语从句的用法1.提建议的常用表达(1)常用表达 Why dont you do sth.?相当于 Why not do sth.?意为“你为什么不做某事呢？”。Why dont you tal to your parents?=Why not tal to your parents?What/How about(doing)sth.?意为“（做）某事怎么样/好吗？”。What/How about having dinner with me?Lets do sth.意为“咱们做某事吧”。Lets mae a birthday card for her.You should(not)do sth.意为“你（不）应该做某事”。You should(not)do more eercise.Youd better(not)do sth.意为“你最好（不）做某事”。Youd better(not)go out.Would you lie sth./to do sth.?意为“你想要某物/做某事吗”。Would you lie to have a try?You could do sth.意为“你可以做某事”。You could write to her.(2)常用答语肯定回答Good idea!/That s a good idea!O./Allright./Great./Yes.Please./Id love to.No problem./Sounds good/great./I agree10with you.否定回答I dont thin so.Id love/lie to,but I have to.That sounds boringIm afraidSorry,I cant./Sorry,but.2.连词 until,so that 及 although 引导的状语从句(1)not.until.的用法until 意为“直到.”。单独使用时，until 和 till 通常可以互换使用，但要注意的是 till 一般只用于句中，而 until 即可以放在句首，也可以放在句末。The noise of the street didnt stop until midnight.He lived with his parents until/till he graduated from college.注意：当主句的动词为非延续性动词时，要用 not.until.结构；当主句的动词为延续性动词时，可用 till 或 until。(2)so that 引导的目的或结果状语从句 so that 意为“以便”，引导目的状语从句时，一般放在主句后，且不用逗号隔开。目的状语从句表示动机（即一种可能性），而非事实。因此，从句中常含有 can,will,could,would,should 等情态动词。He too a tai so that he could get there earlier.so that 意为“以致于；结果”，引导结果状语从句，陈述的是客观事实，常常不带情态动词。I studied English hard so that I passed the English eam.(3)althoughconj.虽然 做连词时，although 和 though 通常可以相互转换。Although/though she smiled,she was angry.although 常放在从句的开头，当用连接词语或短语时，though 更为常用且位置灵活，不仅局限在开头。Wiser though poorer 尽管穷一些但更有头脑11以下情况只用 though。a.与even连用时用 though 表示强调，这里的 even though=even if，意为“即使.也.”。b.当让步状语从句指某种假设情况时，通常用 though，而不用 although。ThoughThough all the world were against me,I should still hold to my opinion.就算就算全世界都反对我，我还是坚持我的观点。c.Though 可以独立用作副词，常放在句末，意为“还是，仍然，可是，然而”.Its hard wor.I enjoy it,though.though 引导让步状语从句时可以倒装，而 although 引导的让步状语从句则不能。Bravely though they fought,they had no chance of winning.注意：although和 though 在句中不能与but 连用，但可与副词 yet连用。即句中用了 although或 though 就不能再使用 but 了。Although it was so cold,he went out without an overcoat.基础练习基础练习1.-_ invite Tom and Sally to the party tonight?-Good idea.Ill give them a call right now.A.WhyB.Why notC.What about2.-We can invite Nic and Nora to Shanghai Disneyland with us.-_?Ill give them a call right now.A.Why notB.What forC.WhyD.What3.The group had to wait _ after 12 to chec in at the hotel.A.fromB.untilC.forD.at4.The little boy is saving every coin _ he can buy his mother a present on MothersDay.A.even ifB.so thatC.as soon as5.“A white elephant”means something that is useless,_ it may cost a lot of money.A.unlessB.untilC.sinceD.although6.-Did you win the game yesterday?-Not really._ we all tried our best,we lost it.A.IfB.ThoughC.Unless专项提升专项提升用适当的连词填空121._ they may not succeed,they will try their best.2.He will come here right away _ he hears the news.3.Tom new nothing about it _ his sister told him.4.The teacher speas very loudly _ all the students can hear her.5.We can easily become unhappy _ we wor out our problems in our daily life.能力提升能力提升1.-What a fine day!Lets go fishing.-_.When shall we go?A.Very wellB.Good ideaC.Well doneD.My pleasure2.-How do you lie your new school,ate?-It is very clean and beautiful _ it is a bit small.A.ifB.sinceC.unlessD.although3.I didnt accept his help _ I wanted to try it myself.A.becauseB.thoughC.untilD.unless4.I looed through my test paper again and again _ I wouldnt mae any mistaes.A.soB.becauseC.so that答案：基础练习1-6 BABBDB专项提升1.Although/though2.as soon as3.until4.so that5.unless能力提升1-4 BDACUnit 5Unit 5 重点语法重点语法教学目标：掌握过去进行时的用法及跟一般过去时的区别教学目标：掌握过去进行时的用法及跟一般过去时的区别掌握掌握 whenwhen 和和 whilewhile 用法及区别用法及区别131.过去进行时(1)过去进行时的用法。过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作，由“was/were+现在分词”构成。现以动词 wor 为例，其肯定式、否定式和疑问句式见下表：肯定式I/He/She was woring.woring.疑问式和简略回答Was I woring?Yes,you were.No,you were not.Were you woring?Yes,I was.No,I wasntWas he/she/it woring?Yes,he/she/it was.No,he/she/it wasnt.否定式I/He/It was not woring.We/You/TheywereWe/You/They were not woring.Were we/you/they woring?Yes,you/we/they were.No,you/we/they werent.表示过去进行时的时间状语有：at that time,this time yesterday,at ten yesterday evening,from eight to twelve yesterday 以及 when,while 引导的时间状语从句。It was raining at 6 ocloc this morning.What were you doing this time last night?He was sleeping when the UFO arrived.(2)与一般过去时的区别。表示已完成的动作用一般过去时，未完成的动作则可用过去进行时。I wrote a letter this morning.I was writing a letter this morning.一般过去时侧重于叙述事实，过去进行时则侧重于动作的持续性，从而更具描绘性。It snowed last night.Its all white outside now.It was snowing last night,so it was very cold.两个动作同时发生时，较短的动作可用一般过去时，而较长时间的动作可以用过去进行时表示。Mom was taling with Sues teacher when Sue entered the room.142.When 与 while 的区别When 和 while 都可以引导时间状语从句，表示“当.时候”，但是二者之间又有区别。(1)when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是非延续性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while 从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。I was watching TV when you called me.It began to rain while we were waling in the par.(2)when 说明从句动作和主句动作可同时发生，也可先后发生。而 while 强调主句动作在从句动作发生的过程中同时发生。When the pot fell to pieces,the girl began to realie that she was not alone.(3)when或while引导的时间状语从句可以相互改写，但while引导的句子常用进行时态。When they came in,the girl was dancing.=While the girl was dancing,they came in.(4)while 还可以做并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示“对比关系”，有轻微的转折之意。She is very outgoing,while her sister is a little shy.基础巩固基础巩固1.My mother _ dinner when I got home yesterday.A.has cooedB.was cooingC.will cooD.coos2.The engineers _ a new computer in our classroom the whole yesterday morning,sowe had our classes in the school hall.A.were fiingB.fiedC.have fiedD.are fiing3._ I got home,my sister was doing her homewor.