2022-2022高考英语试题分项版解析专题05动词的时态和语态含解析.doc

专题05 动词的时态和语态2022年高考题1.【2022北京】1. Hi, Im Peter. Are you new here? I havent seen you around?Hello, Peter. Im Bob. I just _ on Monday.A. start B. have started C. started D. had started【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意：嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。点睛：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态或过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday，last week，in the past，in 2022，once，a few days ago等。2.【2022北京】4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked【答案】B点睛：过去进行时表示在过去某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。3.【2022北京】7. Chinas high-speed railways _ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown【答案】B【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在完成时态。B选项正确。点睛：现在完成时可以表示过去的事情对现在的影响，也可以表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的。常见的时间状语有：since + 时间点/从句，for two months，so far，recently，in the past/last few days等。4.【2022北京】9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mountains for two days.A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped【答案】D点睛：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去，其表达形式为had done，被动语态的表达形式为had been done。5.【2022天津】13. My washing machine _this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.A. was repaired B. is repairedC. is being repaired D. has been repaired【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。应选C。点睛：此题考查时态。分析选项可以知道，4个选项都用了被动语态，此题考查的其实是不同的时态。选项A是过去时；选项B是一般现在时的被动；选项C是现在进行时；选项D是现在完成时。再结合语境进行分析，最终判断出最正确答案。6.【2022江苏】31. Hopefullyin2025wewillnolongerbee-mailingeachother, forwe _ more convenient electronic communicationtoolsbythen.A. have developed B. haddevelopedC. willhavedeveloped D. developed【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in 2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语by then到那时，可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。应选C。点睛：此题考查时态。句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。此题的关键在于抓住题干中的两个时间状语in 2025和by then，从而得出答案。 7.【2022江苏】30. Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan_ inthepast two years.A. hadbeencarriedout B. would be carried outC. isbeingcarriedout D. has been carried out【答案】A【解析】考查时态。句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里开展方案是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语last month和in the past two years可知用过去完成时。应选A。点睛：此题考查时态。句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。此题的关键在于抓住题干中的两个时间状语last month和in the past two years，从而得出答案。2022年高考题【2022天津卷】8. I _down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.A. was driving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove【答案】A考点：考查动词时态。【名师点睛】这时考查与时态有关的固定句型。：was/ were doing sth + when (suddenlu) did . 这时一个常用固定句型，是学生必须掌握的重点句型之一，词句型还有另外两种结构：was / were about to do + when did ; had done + when + did 。 在这三个句型中，when引导的并列句，意为：就在这时那时突然.。【2022江苏卷】27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _.A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查动词的时态和语态。he和follow是动宾关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B/D；根据句意“在匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否被跟踪，用过去进行时最适宜，应选A。句意：他匆匆忙忙往家赶，就是不回头看一看是否有人跟踪自己。考点：时态和语态【2022江苏卷】31.Hes been informed that he _ for the scholarship because of his academic background.A. hasnt qualified B. hadnt qualified C. doesnt qualify D. wasnt qualifying 【答案】C考点：考查动词的时态【2022北京卷】33. People_ better access to health care than they used to, and theyre living longer as a result.A. will haveB. haveC. hadD. had had【答案】B试题分析：句意：人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险，结果他们更长寿。与过去比照是现在，所以than前一句话是用现在的时间，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，所以前面也用现在时态，应选B。考点：考查时态。【2022北京卷】29. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _ yet. A. havent invented B. havent been invented C. hadnt invented D. hadnt been invented【答案】D试题分析：句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部 ，并且无线 还根本没有创造出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除AC，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排除B，应选D，过去完成时的被动语态。考点：考查时态语态。【2022北京卷】24. _ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?Yes. They are happy with it.A. Did you call B. Have you called C. Will you call D. Were you calling【答案】A试题分析：句意：-你昨天有没有给那家公司打 问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？-打了，他们此刻正用得很开心。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语yesterday，发生在过去，肯定用过去式，应选A。考点：考查时态。2022年高考题1.【2022北京】21. Jack _ in the lab when the power cut occurred.A. worksB. has workedC. was workingD. would work【答案】C考点：考查时态【名师点睛】一、过去进行时的构成：was/were+动词的现在分词(-ing) 二、过去进行时的用法：1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。2、表移动的动词，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。3、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。例如：It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。4、在表达或描写过去的事情时，过去进行时经常与其它过去时态，特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。例如：One night, he was typing in his study. Suddenly, a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity.一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源。2.【2022北京】23. Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars. We _ here for more than two hours.A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting【答案】D【解析】试题分析：题目考查时态。句意：打搅了，你们在等哪一部电影？?星球大战?，我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。“for+时间段与完成时连用，根据语境可知，说话的时候仍然在等，因此用现在完成进行时，应选D。考点：考查时态【名师点睛】现在完成进行时由“助动词have/has been+ -ing形式构成。用法如下：1. 现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去的动作。常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。-Hi, Tracy, you look tired. -I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.They have been living here for 10 years. 他们住在这里十年了。2. 表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时候刚结束。I have been waiting you for about one hour.。(说话时等的动作刚结束)She has been working all night long.3. 表示重复只断断续续，而非一直不停 Weve been discussing the matter several times this year. I have been saying goodbye to some friends today.3.【2022北京】25. I _ half of the English novel, and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read【答案】B考点：考查时态【名师点睛】现在完成时根本用法：1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, ever, never, just，before 等词连用。例如：Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗？You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，常用的有：for一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度，提问用How long.例如：It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。 They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。3、现在完成时需注意的问题：1表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用appear, begin, borrow, lend, buy, close,come, die, fall, find, finish, join, kill, leave, sell, stop等。例如：He has joined the army for five years. 错误 He has been in the army for five years.(正确)注意：非延续性动词的否认形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。错I have received his letter for a month.对I havent received his letter for almost a month.2不能和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1998,two days ago等。3have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别： have/has been to 去过某地，现在已经回来； have/has gone to 去了某地，在去的路上或已经在那里。4比拟一般过去时与现在完成时一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，强调动作，不和现在发生联系，常与具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能与表过去的时间状语连用。I saw this film yesterday. 强调看的动作发生过了I have seen this film. 强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了Why did you get up so early? 强调起床的动作已发生过了He has been a League member for three years. 强调他是团员现在完成时考点分析：现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。以下句型中常用现在完成时It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句This(That / It)is the first(second)time that + 完成时This(That / It)is the only + that + 完成时This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting + that 从句 + 完成时在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.4.【2022北京】30. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _ with success in the end.A. rewarded B. were rewardedC. will reward D. will be rewarded【答案】D考点：考查时态和语态【名师点睛】一般将来时表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等。表示一种趋向或习惯动作。Well die without air or water.表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别： A shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。B be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will那么能，表意愿。如：If it is fine, well go fishing.(正确)If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)C be to do sth.表按方案、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock this afternoon.D be about to do sth.表示“即将或者正要去做某事，通常不与时间状语连用,但可与when引导的从句连用，构成常考句型：sb was about to do when sb did sth。 Autumn harvest is about to start.被动语态的构成一般式进行式完成式现在时am/is/are+p.pam/is/are+being+ p.phave/has+been + p.p过去时was/were+ p.pwas/were+being+ p.phad +been + p.p将来时shall/will+be+p.pshall/will+have been+ p.p注意：含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态：由“情态动词can, may must, have to等+be +动词的-ed形式构成。含有“be going to , be to, used to, be about to等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态：其构成为“be going to be to, used to, be about to+ be +动词的-ed形式。5.【2022江苏】22.More efforts, as reported, _in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.A.are madeB.will be madeC.are beingmadeD.have been made【答案】B考点：考查时态语态6.【2022江苏】29.Dashan, who_crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it upwith the Western stand-up tradition.A.will be learning B. is learningC. had been learning D. has been learning【答案】D考点：考查时态7.【2022天津】3. When walking down the street, I came across David, when I _ for years. A. didnt see B. havent seen C. hadnt seen D. wouldnt see【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的David。根据语境，“not see这个动作发生在come across之前，是过去的过去发生的动作，用过去完成时。应选C。考点：考查动词时态。【名师点睛】英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定，因此在学习英语时态时，要注意分析动词形式及具体语境，想象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景，这个动作是经常性动作、一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要发生的动作。过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示过去的过去的动作，还有一个特点就是和过去的一段时间搭配。8.【2022浙江】9. Silk _ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.A. had become B. was becoming C. has become D.is becoming【答案】A【解析】试题分析： 句意：到公元前100年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。时间状语是by+过去时间，谓语用过去完成时。应选A。考点：考查动词时态。【名师点睛】动词的时态、语态是选择题中必考内容之一，动词的各种时态形式都可能考到，不过最常考的是一般现在时态，一般过去时态，现在进行时态，以及一般将来时态，现在完成时态，同时还常与非谓语动词一起考查，做语法填空题时，首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，如本小题第一个空就是考查谓语动词；假设是谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态、语气(陈述语气还是虚拟语气)、主谓一致四个方面，本小题考查过去完成时，从三个方面来进行判断：1. 看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句，本小题时间状语是by about 100 BC，故判断是过去完成时。2. 在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时，要看上下文的谓语动词的形式。3. 看是否是特殊句型等。如：It was+the first time+that从句中用过去完成时。 2022年高考题1.【2022北京】22.-Did you enjoy the party?-Yes,we_by our hosts.A.were treated B.would be treated. C.treated D.had treated【答案】A 【考点定位】考查动词的时态及语态。【名师点睛】此题考查时态和语态，此题需要先看句子中有没有明确的时间状语，然后再看有没有相关的词，比方隐藏的时间点，和一些动词的过去式。解答时态语态题时，学生需要注意结合上下文语境，找出相关提示词来判断时态；并且分析出主语和动词是主谓关系还是动宾关系。2.【2022北京】26.in the last few years,China _ great achievements in environmental protection.A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：在过去的这些年里，中国在环境保护中取得了很大的成就。由时间状语in the last few years可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。应选A。【考点定位】考查时态。【名师点睛】判断时态可以从时间状语入手，题干中的in the last few years为现在完成时的时间标志词。类似的还有over/ for/ during the last/ past years/months均为现在完成时的时间标志，所以做此类题时，需要先看句子中是否有明确的时间点，然后我再判断时态。3.【2022北京】27.Did you have difficulty finding Ann house?Not really.She_us clear directions and we were able to find it.easily?A.was to give B.had given C.was giving D.would give【答案】B【考点定位】考查时态。【名师点睛】此题考查学生对时态的掌握情况，现在完成时和过去完成时都是考试中常出的考点。分析前后两句两个动作，判断出后者的动作发生在前者的动作之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时。4.【2022北京】30. Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right. I_ him later.A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：Dr.Jackson现在不在办公室。好的，我待会再打给他。由later可知，表示的是将来要执行的动作，用一般将来时。应选A。【考点定位】考查时态。【名师点睛】此题根据对话形式进行时态考查，句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。5.【2022重庆】1. Is Peter coming?No, he_ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.A. changesB. changed C. was changing D. had changed【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：彼得来了吗？没有，刚刚接到一个 后改变主意了。根据at the last minute在最后一秒可能发生在过去，故用一般过去时。 【考点定位】考查动词的时态。【名师点睛】动词的时态一直是热点，需要根据时间状语来进行确定，但此题要根据当时的语境来进行再次确认，才得到答案。首先看到第一句话Is Peter coming来了吗？可知彼得还没有来，而下句话at the last minute最后一刻，符合一般过去时的用法中的，第一条：一般过去时表示过去某个特定时间发生，并且一下子就完成了的动作即：非持续性动作。6.【2022重庆】13. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat_ cut.A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been【答案】D 【考点定位】考查动词的时态【名师点睛】 现在完成时现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词构成，主要有两个含义： 表示动作发生在过去，但与现在的情况有联系，有时无时间状语，有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作，用于延续性动词，且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语。7.【2022浙江】8. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：爱因斯坦出生于1879年，小的时候很少人猜到他将会成为一个伟大的科学家，他的理论将会改变全世界。根据句意，应该是表达过去将来时，所以只有C选项符合。该选项是使用过去进行时表将来。A选项是现在完成时用以表达过去的动作对现在的影响，往往有一些关键的词比方说since或者是for加一段时间，B选项是过去完成时(具备的条件是有两个动词，而且其中一个动作要在另一个动作之前发生，那么这个之前发生的动词就使用过去完成时)，C选项是过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某一此刻正在进行的动作，另外动词going的进行时还可以表达将来，D选项是过去时表达过去的动作。结合以上的表述以及后句使用的情态动词wouldwill 的过去时，用于过去将来时，分析可知答案就是C。【考点定位】考查动词时态【名师点睛】分析4个选项可以知道，该题考查的其实是不同的时态。掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题，如此题的1879, would change的提示。另外也要结合使用语境综合分析选项，最终得出答案。8.【2022天津】9. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement_ so far by the two sides.A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reachD. will have reached【答案】A【考点定位】考查时态。【名师点睛】此题考查时态。现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。分析此题只需要牢牢抓住时间状语so far“到目前为止，从而判定出所应当运用的时态。9.【2022天津】6. Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she _ a class at that time. A. will teachB. would teach C. has taught D. will be teaching【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为她那个时候在一个班上课。根据句中的时间状语at that time，指代at 3 oclock this afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事，故用将来完成时。应选D。【考点定位】考查时态。【名师点睛】此题考查时态。将来进行