2023年博士入学考试英语.doc

xx博士硕士入学考试试题科目代码: 1001 科目名称: 英语请注意:答案必须写在答题纸上（写在试题上无效）I. Vocabulary and Structure Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. 本大题共20小题，每题分，本大题共10分1. Their study shows that sports skills_ into personal life. A) take over B) carry over C) turn over D) come over 2. A similar _of female to male students has been observed in law and medical school classrooms in recent years.A) subordination B) participation C) impact D) assumption3. It has been proven innumerable times that the various types of behavior, emotions, and interests that _ being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture. A) construct B) assign C) constitute D) approve4. Our guess said some very things about the meal Id cooked.A）complimentary B）complimented C）complementary D）complement5. He has some _ ideas about what to do, but nothing specific.A) vulgar B) vague C) delicate D) subtle6. The teacher gave me a _ on the back for getting an “A” on the test. A) clap B) hit C) pat D) pad7. Jack is a student who _ on activity.A) lingers B) invests C) deserves D) thrives8. You should _ your letter with a phone call.A) follow B) lift up C) follow up D) pass along9. Bobs _comments insulted me A) insincere B) overdue C) inspiring D) positive10. He was mentally _ to keep going long after his body had given up.A) sentimental B)poetic C) sincere D) tough11. After the negotiation, the president leaned back in his seat and _his success. A) savored B) boosted C) treasured D) reread12. The brides parents arranged for the _at the reception. A) entertain B) entertainment C) entertaining D) entertainer13. The witnesss _ of David led to his arrest.A) temptation B) clarification C) recognition D)knowledge14. Typical jokes or _ stories have a three-part anatomy that is easily recognized.A) humorist B) humorous C) humorless D) humor15. The _ methods of the investigator revealed the identity of the murderer.A) analysis B) analyst C) analyze D) analytical16. Its _ that Mary was promoted because she works so hard. A) understandable B) understanding C) understood D) misunderstand 17. It is _ to say that the truly humorous individual is not only well liked, but is often the focus of attention in any gathering.A) reasoning B)reasonable C) neutral D) mutual 18. Some people tell jokes very well while others_ say something funny.A) attempt to B) tempt to C) appeal to D) struggle to19. I was jealous of the football players _in school.A) popularity B) curiosity C) familiarity D) profession20. It was only when I saw the painting on sale for half the price I paid for it that I realized Id been _.A) intrigued B) steered C) cheated D) bothered. Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.本大题共15小题，每题1分，本大题共15分Passage OneAn 82-year-old man who shot a burglar who was trying to break into his allotment shed was ordered to pay him 4000 damages yesterday. Ted Newbery had been sleeping in the shed to try to stop vandals destroying his allotment. He fired through a hole in the door when he heard voices outside. Mark Revill, 28, was hit in the chest and arm by 50 shotgun pellets as he and another man tried to smash their way into the shed. They had gone there to steal, knowing that the pensioner had a television set and a washing machine in the shed.Mr. Newbery had slept in the shed every night for four years because of vandalism, the court was told by the defense. That night, he heard a loud banging on the door, and a voice saying “If the old mans in there, well do him.” He was absolutely terrified, and fired the gun in self-defense. As a result of the incident, Mr. Revill lost two fingers, and has partially lost the use of one arm.Mr. Justice Rougier ruled that Mr. Newbery had acted out of all proportion to the threat. He had not acted in panic, but had planned his response in advance, and it had been reckless to shoot the shotgun through a hole in the door, while not being able to see what he was shooting at.Mr. Justice Rougier awarded Revill 4000 for his injuries and loss of earnings.The judgment caused an immediate public outcry. Tim Molloney, the Mayor of Erewash, launched an appeal to raise money to pay Mr. Newberys bill, and started the fund with a contribution of 100. Since then, money has been pouring in from all over the country. A London restaurateur was one of the dozens to call The Times to express his anger over the affair. Husseyin Ozer, 42, said he would sell his Rolex watch to pay the award. “I am outraged. The old saying that an Englishmans home is his castle does not seem to be true any more,” he said.1. What do we learn about Mr. RevillA) He tried to break in. B) He was shot dead.C) He was a neighbor of Mr. Newbery. D) He lived on pension.2. Mr. Newbery said he shot at Mr. Revill _.A) out of panic B) through the windowC) to frighten him away D) because he was angry with him3. Which of the following opinions did the court most probably agree withA) It was Mr. Revills own fault if he was injured.B) Mr. Newbery had planned the shooting.C) Mr. Newbery should have been sent to prison for what he did.D) A home owner is entitled to shoot a burglar under any circumstances.4. The Mayor of Erewash started a fund to help Mr. Newbery because he thought _.A) Mr. Newbery was right in trying to defend himselfB) Mr. Newbery was too old to support himselfC) the police should have protected Mr. NewberyD) the local government was partly responsible for the incident5. What is the authors tone of voice in writing the newsA) Sympathetic. B) Critical. C) Objective. D) Angry.Passage Two Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war War is an ancient institution which has existed for at least 6,000 years. It was always bad and usually foolish, but in the past the human race managed to live with it. Modern ingenuity has changed this. Either Man will abolish war, or war will abolish Man. For the present, it is nuclear weapon that causes the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skilful in killing people, but by arbitration in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted. There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology would prevent war. I believe this is to be a big error. All ideologies are based on dogmatic statements which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their adherents believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of them. The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the world, but in the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries, but between Man and the atom bomb.6. This passage implies that war is now . A. worse than in the pastB. as bad as in the pastC. not so dangerous as in the pastD. as necessary as in the past7. In the sentence To do this, we need to persuade mankind. (paragraph 1), the word this refers to . A. abolish war B. improve weapons C. solve international problems D. live a peaceful life8. From paragraph 2 we learn that the writer of the passage .A. is an adherent of some modern ideologiesB. does not think the adoption of some ideologies could prevent warC. believes that the adoption of some ideologies could prevent warD. does not doubt the truth of any ideologies9. According to the writer, .A. war is the only way to solve international disputesB. war will be less dangerous because of the improvement of weaponsC. it is impossible for people to live without warD. war must be abolished if man wants to survive10. The last paragraph suggests that .A. international agreements can be reached more easily nowB. man begins to realize the danger of nuclear warC. nuclear war will definitely not take placeD. world opinion welcomes nuclear war.Passage ThreeNormally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course that he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.11. Normally a student would at least attend classes each week. A. 36 B. 12 C. 20 D. 1512. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed .A. to live in a different university B. to take a particular course in a different university.C. to live at home and drive to classesD. to get two degrees from two different universities13. American university students are usually under pressure of work because .A. their academic performance will affect their future careersB. they are heavily involved in student affairesC. they have to observe university disciplineD. they want to run for positions of authority14. Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably because .A. they hate the constant pressure and strain of their studyB. they will then be able to stay longer in the universityC. such positions help them get better jobsD. such positions are usually well paid15. The student organizations seem to be effective in .A. dealing with the academic affairs of the universityB. ensuring that the students observe university regulationsC. evaluating students performance by bringing them before a courtD. keeping up the students enthusiasm for social activities Translation 本大题共2小题，其中第1小题30分，第2小题20分， 本大题共50分1Translate the following into Chinese.Chinas reform has entered a critical stage and a deep water zone. We must rely fully on the people, break mental shackles and vested interests with great determination. We will expand the rebuilding of rundown urban areas so that cities will take on a new look instead of having stretches of rundown areas existing side by side with high-rise buildings. We will strengthen comprehensive maintenance of public order, crack down hard on violent crimes of terrorism, safeguard Chinas national security, create good public order, and work together to ensure public security in China. The people are the foundation of a nation, and a nation can enjoy peace only when its foundation is strong. The fundamental goal of a governments work is to ensure that everyone lives a good life. We will continue to build institutions, improve weak links, help those in need of subsistence assistance, ensure everyone has access to basic necessities, and improve peoples living standards and quality of life. We will declare war against pollution and fight it with the same determination we battled poverty. We will fully implement the basic strategy of law-based governance, act in accordance with the law in all our government work, and be guided by law in both thinking and action in performing our duties.2Translate the following into English. 一种人旳生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么原则可以衡量吗提出一种绝对旳原则当然很困难；不过，大体上看一种人看待生命旳态度与否严厉认真，看他看待工作、生活旳态度怎样，也就不难对这个人旳存在意义做出合适旳估计了。古来一切有成就旳人，都很严厉地看待自己旳生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不愿虚度年华，不让时间白白挥霍掉。我国历代旳劳感人民以及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。.Writing Directions：For this part, you are to write on the answer sheet a short essay entitled Online Shopping. You should write at least 200 words following the outline given below.1. 目前流行网上购物；2. 网上购物旳利与弊；3. 你旳观点。本大题共1小题，本大题共25分