2023年学位英语阅读理解.doc

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Passage 1 Directions: Read this passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer sheet. Perhaps the aspect of butterfly diversity that has received the most attention over the past century is the striking difference in species richness between tropical and temperate regions. For example, in 1875 one biologist pointed out the diversity of butterflies in the Amazon when he mentioned that about 700 species were found within an hour's walk. Europe supported only 321. This early comparison of tropical and temperate butterfly richness has been well confirmed. A general theory of diversity would have to predict not only this difference between temperate and tropical zones, but also patterns within each region, and how these patterns vary among different animal and plant groups. However, for butterflies, variation of species richness within temperate or tropical regions, rather than between them, is poorly understood. Indeed, comparisons of numbers of species among the Amazon basin, tropical Asia, and Africa are still mostly “personal communication” citations, even for vertebrates. In other words, unlike comparison between temperate and tropical areas, these patterns are still in the documentation phase. In documenting geographical variation in butterfly diversity, some arbitrary, practical decisions are made. Diversity, number of species, and species richness are used synonymously; little is known about the evenness of butterfly distribution. The New World butterflies make up the preponderance on them, the errors generated by imperfect and incomplete taxonomy will be minimized. 1. Which aspect of butterflies does the passage mainly discuss? A. Their physical characteristics. B. Their names. C. Their adaptation to different habitats. D. Their variety. 2. The word "striking" in line 2 is closest in meaning to _________________. A. physical B. confusing C. noticeable D. successful 3. All of the following are mentioned as being important parts of a general theory of diversity EXCEPT _________________. A. differences between temperate and tropical zones B. patterns of distribution of species in each region C. migration among temperate and tropical zones D. variation of patterns of distribution of species among different animals and plants 4. The author mentions tropical Asia in paragraph 2 as an example of a location where _________________. A. butterfly behavior varies with climate B. a general theory of butterfly diversity has not yet been firmly established C. butterflies are affected by human populations D. documenting plant species is more difficult than documenting butterfly species 5. Which of the following is NOT well understood by biologists? A. European butterfly habitats. B. Differences in species richness between temperate and tropical regions. C. Differences in species richness within a temperate or a tropical region. D. Comparisons of behavior patterns of butterflies and certain animal groups. Passage 1 答案：1-5 DCCBC Passage 2 Directions: Read this passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer sheet. The two most obvious changes in American economy are the emergence of a highly sophisticated technology and the rose of giant corporations. In addition, market forces have lost some of their significance as planning has become more important. The government has assumed a greatly changed role in the economy. Property relationships and decision-making power have shifted. The demand for highly educated specialists has increased enormously. We may think of the American economy as consisting of two completely different sectors. The world of the giant corporations, which can be called the "industrial system, consists of 500 or 600 firms that provide "nearly all communications, nearly all production and distribution of electric power, much transportation, most manufacturing and mining, a substantial share of retail trade, and a considerable amount of entertainment." Outside of this industrial system fall most agricultural enterprises, some mining and trucking, professional and artistic pursuits, some retail trade, and most personal and domestic services. The classical economical laws of the market--supply and demand, and so on—still apply to some degree. But today the industrial sector is characterized for more by planning and certainty than by the free play of market forces. It appears that it could scarcely be otherwise. In large corporations with advanced technological systems and complex organizations of highly trained specialists, plans for producing any one item are made well in advance. Such plans, once made, are hard to change. Because long-term planning demands certainty, market forces are avoided by various means. For example, the corporation may achieve "vertical integration" by buying companies that supply raw materials at one end of the process and distribution outlets at the other. Corporations may agree on "just prices" for things they buy and sell. They may enter mutually advantageous long-term contracts with supplies and customers. Moreover, in their quest for certainty they generally have the support of the state. 1. Why is there an increasing demand for highly educated specialists? A. Because the government cannot deal with the changed economy. B. Because the giant corporations wish to exert more power by having the specialists. C. Because the development of technology and economy require more knowledge. D. Because market forces are increasingly uncontrollable. 2. The American giant corporations possess many new characteristics that _________________. A. highly educated executives are important for the corporations B. large corporations become decentralized C. economic laws of the market are effective inside corporations D. heads of giant corporations try to have more power than the government 3. By the second paragraph, we know that _________________. A. retail bade accounts for a big part in non-industrial system B. the number of giant corporations is much bigger than the amount of agricultural enterprises C. giant corporations control every part of American economy D. giant corporations provide large number of productions and services 4. From the passage we can infer that American economy _________________. A. is experiencing the rise of giant corporations B. is substantially determined by hundreds of giant corporations C. has lost the balancing ability between supply and demand D. becomes highly planned one 5. In the third sentence of the last paragraph, the word "it" refers to _________________. A. classic economic law of supply and demand B. industrial sector C. American economy D. market force Passage 2 答案：1-5 CADBC Passage 3 Directions: Read this passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer sheet. The Canyon Pintado Historic District is located in northwest Colorado in the United State. The canyon was occupied by prehistoric people for as long as 11,000 years. It was visited repeatedly by a variety of cultures throughout its long history. One culture that left a visible mark on the canyon was the Fremont. Many of the rock art sites in the Canyon Pintado District were the handiwork of Fremont-age peoples. Canyou Pintado received its name and was first historically recorded in 1776. Fathers Dominguez and Escalante made note of the numerous examples of rock art as they traveled through the Douglas Creek Valley en route to the California missions. Father Escalante described the expedition's travel through Canon Pintado (painted canyon). Rock art in Canyon Pintado links prehistoric activity in northwest Colorado with similar events in Utah. During the time that Colorado's Fremount area was inhabited, the Anasazi culture flourished in the Four Corners of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. Certain aspects of Fremont culture are similar to those of the Anasazi. Like the Anasazi, Fremont people grew corn, beans, and squash and raised domesticated turkeys. However, while the Anasazi constructed elaborate pueblos and cliff dwellings of beautiful masonry stone, the Fremont in Douglas Creek built semi-subteranean pithouses. Fremont rock art has recurring motifs (= themes) that link it in both time and culture. Strange human-like figures with broad shoulders, no legs, and horned headdresses are similar to those from the Barrier Canyon art of southeastern Utah. A small percentage to Canyon Pintado figures are similar to those of the Vernal, Utah area. These figures have large, trapezoidal-shaped bodies, stick-like legs, and trapezoidal heads, and, in many cases, are adorned with necklaces. Another motif of the Fremont culture is the mountain sheep, with graceful curvilinear horns. Designs like concentric circles, snake-like lines, corn plants, and rows of dots are also often found in Fremont art. A unique figure in Fremont art is Kokopelli, the humpbacked flute player of Anasazi mythology. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. The explorations of Colorado and Utah. B. Different native tribes of Colorado and Utah. C. The artwork of different cultures of Colorado and Utah. D. How religious differences were resolved in Colorado and Uath. 2. In line 2, the word "It" refers to _________________. A. colorado B. the canyon C. one culture D. prehistoric people 3. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as similarities between the Fremont culture and the Anasazi culture EXCEPT _________________. A. the time the cultures flourished B. agricultural crops the cultures grew C. animals the cultures raised D. architectural styles of houses and dwellings 4. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that _________________. A. Fathers Dominguez and Escalante traveled through Colorado before reaching California B. Fathers Dominguez and Escalante were artists who created rock drawings of their own C. Fathers Dominguez and Escalante were the first non-natives to travel through the Canyon Pintado district D. the native tribes abandoned their artwork soon after Fathers Dominguez and Escalante arrived 5. What can be inferred from the passage about the styles of art mentioned in the first haft of the 4th paragraph? A. The designs are repeated. B. Each design is unique and is not repeated. C. Each artist strives to find his own design, not to copy the design of other artists. D. The art resembles the artists as closely as possible. Passage 3 答案：1-5 CBDAA Passage 4 Directions: Read this passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer sheet. The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them, earn more money, become "better" people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don't go. But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don't fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other's experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Others had no stimulation in their studies, and drop out--for encouraged by college administrators. Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves--they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that's a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesn't explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We've been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can't absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either. Some adventure educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college doesn't make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things--maybe it's just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up. 1. According to the author _________________. A. people used to question the value of college education B. people used to have full confidence in higher education C. all high school graduates went to college D. very few high school graduates chose to go to college 2. In the 2nd paragraph, "those who don' t fit the pattern" refers to _________________. A. high school graduates who aren't suitable for college education B. college graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxis C. college students who aren't any better for their higher education D. high school graduates who failed to be admitted to college 3. The drop-out rate of college students seems to go up because _________________. A. many young people are required to join the army B. young people have little motivation in pursuing a higher education C. young people have much motivation in pursuing a higher education D. young people don't like the intense competition for admission to graduate school 4. According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that _________________. A. too many students have to earn their own living B. college administrators encourage students to drop out C. high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education D. society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduates 5. In this passage the author argues that _________________. A. more and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thing for high school graduates B. college education is not enough if one wants to be successful C. college education benefits only the intelligent, ambitious, and quick-learning people D. int

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