2022版高考英语二轮复习高考题型重组练十二.doc

高考题型重组练(十二)　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
[2022·长春市质量监测二] My wife and I were at a crowded grocery store not long ago. It was a weekday evening, cold and wet — and tense. People were carelessly blocking aisles, complaining and cutting one another off with their carts.
Things got worse at the checkout line. The cashier scanned a man's discount card, but he misread the savings on her screen as an additional charge. He decided she was acting deliberately and began to argue.
“She is being spiteful (恶意的)！〞 he yelled. “This is unbelievable.〞
Other customers looked away as the cashier tried to reason with him. She called a manager, who accompanied the man to customer service. Shaken, she moved to the next customer in line.
We've all witnessed uncomfortable scenes like this in public places. The grocery scene was another example of how our trust in others has eroded. But it was also a teachable moment on how we can rebuild our faith — starting with just one person.
Back at the grocery store, my wife and I reached our uneasy cashier. I grabbed a bottle of water from a nearby cooler and handed it to her. “We felt bad about how that man treated you and wanted to buy this for you，〞 I said. Her face lit up, and we talked as she scanned our items. She told us she had been working that evening through severe foot pain and would be having surgery later that week. We wished her well in her recovery, and she thanked us as we left.
Those are the balancing acts, the moments of responding social and emotional pain with healing, which will add up to restore trust among people. You can start that pattern in someone else's life, even in a place as ordinary as the neighborhood grocery store.
体裁：夹叙夹议　题材：个人经历　主题：人与人之间信任感的缺失和重建
【语篇解读】　本文记叙了作者和妻子在一个杂货店中遇到了一位男士与收银员争吵，从而觉察人与人之间缺乏信任，而作者和妻子买水抚慰收银员，以期重新建立人与人之间的信任。
1．Why did the man at the checkout line argue with the cashier?
A．The cashier called a manager to help her.
B．Someone jumped the queue waiting to check out.
C．There was something wrong with his discount card.
D．He believed the cashier charged him more on purpose.
答案与解析：D　考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“but he misread the savings on her screen as an additional charge. He decided she was acting deliberately and began to argue.〞可知，他误把省下来的钱当成了额外的收费，他认为收银员是成心的，并和她吵了起来。也就是说，他认为收银员是成心多收他的钱。应选D项。
2．Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “eroded〞 in Paragraph 5?
A．Changed. B．Increased.
C．Faded. D．Formed.
答案与解析：C　考查词义猜想。根据第五段中的“We've all witnessed uncomfortable scenes like this in public places. The grocery scene was another example of how our trust in others has eroded.〞可知，我们都在公共场所目睹过这些不愉快的场面。而这些不愉快也说明了人与人之间缺乏信任，即彼此之间的信任削弱了。因此，erode与fade同义，意为“逐渐削弱；消失〞。应选C项。
3．Why did the author buy a bottle of water for the cashier?
A．He thought the cashier might feel a little bit thirsty.
B．He knew she had gone through much trouble recently.
C．He wanted to restore the trust between her and the man.
D．He wanted to comfort her after the terrible experience just now.
答案与解析：D　考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“We felt bad about how that man treated you and wanted to buy this for you〞可知，作者和妻子对于那个男人对待收银员的方式感到难过，因此给收银员买了一瓶水。由此可知，他们是想要抚慰收银员。应选D项。
4．What is the last paragraph intended to do?
A．Add a warning.
B．Make a suggestion.
C．Introduce a topic.
D．Present an argument.
答案与解析：B　考查推理判断。作者在最后一段呼吁人们行动起来，增强人与人之间的信任。因此，最后一段是作者对读者的建议。应选B项。
B
[2022·南昌二模] Robots are now being employed not just for dangerous tasks, such as discovering mines or rescuing people in disasters. They are also finding applications as household help and as nursing assistants. As increasing numbers of machines, equipped with the latest artificial intelligence, take on a growing variety of specialized and everyday tasks, the question of how people see them and behave towards them becomes ever more urgent.
A team led by Sari Nijssen of Radboud University and Markus Paulus, Professor of Developmental Psychology at Ludwig­Maximilians­Universitat (LMU), have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and behave towards them based on moral principles.
According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question: “Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives？〞 The participants were faced with a hypothetical (假设的) moral dilemma: Would they be prepared to put a single person at risk in order to save a group of injured persons? In the situations presented the intended victim was either a human, a humanoid robot that had been humanized to various degrees or a robot that was clearly recognizable as a machine.
The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants were to sacrifice it. Situations that included vivid stories in which the robot was described as a merciful being or as a creature with its own understandings, experiences and thoughts, were more likely to stop the study participants from sacrificing it in the interests of anonymous (无名的) humans.
“This result indicates that our study group attached a certain moral status to the robot，〞 says Paulus. “One possible suggestion of this finding is that attempts to humanize robots should not go too far. Such efforts could come into conflict with their intended function — to be of help to us.〞
体裁：说明文　题材：科技前沿　主题：人性化机器人
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。机器人不仅可以帮助人类执行危险的任务，现代智能机器人还能帮助人们处理日常生活问题。研究说明，将机器人过于人性化的尝试将对人产生困扰。
【难句分析】　The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants were to sacrifice it.
分析：该句为主从复合句。句中that引导宾语从句，作及物动词suggested的宾语；“the＋比拟级，the＋比拟级〞表示“越……，越……〞。
译文：研究说明，机器人人性化越高，参与者越不可能牺牲它。
5．What has become a concern about robots?
A．How to humanize them.
B．How to treat them in life.
C．How to use them effectively.
D．How to find more applications.
答案与解析：B　考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“the question of how people see them and behave towards them becomes ever more urgent〞和第二段中的“have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and behave towards them based on moral principles〞可知，如何在生活中对待机器人已经成为人们担忧的一个问题，故B项正确。
6．In the study the participants probably have to decide ________.
A．when to sacrifice a robot
B．where to experience risks
C．which robot to work with
D．what robots should be like
答案与解析：A　考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句“According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question: ‘Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives？’〞可知，该研究将要答复“在什么情况下成年人愿意牺牲机器人来拯救人类生命？〞这一问题，故A项正确。
7．What can be inferred from Paulus' words?
A．Humanized robots offer less help to people.
B．Humanizing robots too much may be improper.
C．Certain moral status should be attached to robots.
D．Conflicts often happen between humans and robots.
答案与解析：B　考查推理判断。根据本文最后两句Paulus所说的话可知，Paulus认为，这一发现说明，使机器人人性化的尝试不应该走得太远。这些努力可能会与机器人的预期功能(帮助人类)发生冲突。据此可推知，Paulus认为机器人过于人性化可能不恰当，故B项正确。
8．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Robots, a Must for Future
B．Humanized Robots, a New Trend
C．Robots Saved, People Take the Hit
D．Humanized Robots Replace Human
答案与解析：C　考查标题判断。通读全文可知，本文主要提出“过度将机器人人性化，将人的道德水准赋予机器人，将会使人受到困扰〞这一观点，故C项最适合作本文标题。
Ⅱ.七选五
[2022·成都第三次诊断]Society tells us that you can't teach an old dog new tricks. But it doesn't have to be that way. A new study published in Human Development points out that using a proper approach to learning can help people of any age take on and rise to new challenges. __1__
Venture outside your comfort zone. As adults, we tend to use similar skills day in and day out: We take jobs in fields we're already good at, drive the same routes to the same places, and fall into routines we're comfortable with. __2__ Switching to something more challenging may have more cognitive benefits.
__3__ A fear of making mistakes is another reason adults are so slow to learn new things; if we try and fail, we can face criticism, lose money, or get fired. That's why it's important to build up a support network of people — at work and at home — who allow you to make mistakes and learn from them.
Make a serious commitment and don't give up. __4__ If you can afford it, spending money on a new pursuit — for example, booking a trip to Rome to practice your Italian — might also make it harder to throw in the towel.
Learn more than one thing at once. We tend to zero in on one hobby or one skill. But dividing that time and energy into three or four areas will stretch your brain in all different directions. __5__ For example, maybe you started learning a new language in 2022, and this year you add singing lessons, and next year you try something else. You can add things gradually based on what you can handle.
A．Turn to your friends and family.
B．The following strategies will do the trick.
C．Surround yourself with encouraging people.
D．Telling friends about your new goal can help keep you motivated.
E．But all this familiarity limits the parts of the brain we're using regularly.
F．That doesn't mean you should start all the new challenges all at once, though.
G．So feeling comfortable can reduce stress and make you happier and more productive.
体裁：说明文　题材：社会生活　主题：如何迎接新的挑战
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了几个迎接新的挑战的策略。
1．答案与解析：B　文章第二至第五段分别给出迎接挑战的策略。由此可知，该空承上启下，应选B。
2．答案与解析：E　根据空前一句可知，我们倾向于日复一日地用相似的技能：从事我们擅长的领域的工作，开车走相同的路线，去相同的地方，做我们觉得舒服的事；结合空后的“Switching to something more challenging〞可推知，这种熟悉限制了我们正在经常使用的大脑的局部，应选E。
3．答案与解析：C　空处为本段的主题句。通读本段可知，本段讲述的是寻找支持你的人的重要性，故C项符合语境。
4．答案与解析：D　根据该空前一句可知，做出一个严肃的承诺且不放弃。由此可推知，空处应是说明向谁承诺以及承诺做出后的作用。故D项符合语境。
5．答案与解析：F　根据本段首句可知，一次可以多学点东西；空后一句是说，比方，你可能在2022年开始学一门新的语言，今年你添加了歌唱课，下一年你尝试其他的东西。由此可知，F项“但是这并不意味着你应该一次性开始所有新的挑战〞符合语境。
Ⅲ.短文改错
[2022·广州综合测试二]It was a still and quiet morning on the lake. There was no human voices or cars to break the silent. It was a perfect day for fishing.
We sat at there, afraid to talk, thinking fish would hear us and flee. My father, hold our lunch bag in one hand, passed me a sandwich. It was terrible hot and clouds of mosquito were feasting on my blood. With my legs covering with bite marks, I complained, “When will the fish come？〞
Suddenly I felt a fish bite. My father became so excited as I was, and together we pulled the fish out that would be part of us dinner that night.
答案与解析：
It was a still and quiet morning on the lake. There wa no human voices or cars to break the silen. It was a perfect day for fishing.
We sat there, afraid to talk, thinking fish would hear us and flee. My father, hol our lunch bag in one hand, passed me a sandwich. It was terribl hot and clouds of mosquit were feasting on my blood. With my legs coverin with bite marks, I complained, “When will the fish come？〞
Suddenly I felt a fish bite. My father became s excited as I was, and together we pulled the fish out that would be part of u dinner that night.
①was改为were　考查主谓一致。此处为“there be〞句型，谓语动词遵循就近一致原那么，靠近be动词的名词词组“human voices〞为复数形式，故谓语动词用复数。
②silent改为silence　考查名词。根据其前的“the〞并根据语境可知，该处应用名词形式。
③删除at　考查介词。there为副词，直接用在不及物动词sit的后面，介词at多余，故删除。
④thinking后加the　考查冠词。根据第一段第一句中的“on the lake〞和第一段尾句中的“for fishing〞可知，该处特指该湖里的鱼，故用定冠词the。
⑤hold改为holding　考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，主语My father和动词hold之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，此处作伴随状语，故用现在分词形式。
⑥terrible改为terribly　考查副词。副词修饰形容词，该处修饰形容词hot，表示“非常炎热〞，故用terrible的副词形式。
⑦mosquito改为mosquito(e)s　考查名词的单复数。mosquito为可数名词，根据该句中的“clouds of〞可知，该处指一群蚊子，故用复数形式。
⑧covering改为covered　考查with的复合结构。分析该句结构可知，my legs为该句中With的宾语，后接宾语补足语；my legs和动词cover之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用with sth. done结构。
⑨so改为as　考查固定用法。as＋形容词/副词原级＋as...为固定用法，表示“和……一样……〞。根据该句中的“excited as I was〞和语境可知，该处应用as。否认比拟时用not so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as...。
⑩us改为our　考查人称代词。根据该句中的“we〞并结合“dinner〞可知，该处表示“我们的晚餐〞，故用形容词性物主代词our。
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