2018-2017届中考英语二轮复习《第11讲词语运用专题》讲义.doc

词语运用;【知识点睛】义务教育新课程标准对词语运用试题的界定：,要求初中毕业生能够理解和领悟词语的基本含义以及在特定语境中的意义；能够了解常用语言形式的基本结构和常用表意功能；能够根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；掌握单词、短语、习惯用语和固定搭配的使用等。词语运用命题特点：近几年，河南省中考英语词语运用题，保持了应用性、探究性、综合性和时代性的特征，着重考查了学生的基础能力、综合能力和书面表达能力。词语运用题主要考查学生对知识应用的熟练程度，对语言的迁移能力和对语言信息的综合处理能力。题材：故事、文化习俗、科普小品、体育等。考察范围：介词、动词、形容词、连词、代词、名词、数词、习惯表达等，既注重语法知识和习惯用语的考查，又加强对篇章结构的理解，同时强调了写的成分。（具体见考点分布表）河南中考英语词语运用题考点分布表： 年份分类201620152014201320122011文体记叙文记叙文记叙文记叙文记叙文记叙文词数239230204192152197话题讲述了当今社会人们把太多时间放在智能手机上，却忽略真实生活中的人和事的现象讲述了一种当前最受欢迎的心形手势高中的学生在奥克兰的机场卖咖啡的故事讲述了一个“以其人之道，还治其人之身”的故事迈克尔杰克逊的经历和演唱生涯人生价值考点分布（分值）名词222221代词111111动词333322形容词22/212连词111/1介词/1/111副词1/2121数词/1/11（一）重点考查单词拼写、语言基础知识，在考查词汇的同时考查读与写的能力。这就要求考生首先要把握住短文的主旨大意，答题时除了考虑词法、句法，还要研究语篇中句子的结构、衔接和连贯等问题。（二）以上表格显示词语运用主要考查包括名词、动词、副词、连词、代词以及介词等，基本包括所有词类。文体方面主要是以记叙文为主。今年河南省中考英语词语运用试题可能会延续以前的考查模式，设空时仍然会以名词、动词、形容词等实词为主，副词等其他的虚词也会有所涉及。（三）重视句子之中或句子与句子之间的联系，侧重所给词的变化，如名词、动词、数词、代词、形容词等形式上的变化。（四）试题选材符合考生的书面表达水平，文体偏重记叙文，以故事类的话题为主，短文内容贴近学生的学习和生活。词数在200左右。短文共设10个小题，每空一词，第一句话一般不设空，试题力求答案的唯一性。词语运用注意事项形式、词法、句法、基础知识词语运用试题的做题步骤：1、跳过空格，通读全文，了解大意。2、复读全文，确定语义，判断词形。3、利用语境，确定词形。4、复读全文，验证答案。词语运用的关键：_ _ 1. 定词：_ 2. 变形：a._ b._ c._ d._ e._ 一、定词 _用方框内所给的词或短语进行填空，两项多余。 various similar with care familiar in trouble destroy medicines depends on machines gets Today Im going to talk about rainforests. Are you _ with them? Theyre interesting and exciting places! Many kinds of the worlds plants and animals live in the rainforests. However, rainforests are _ nowthey are disappearing very fast because they are cut down or burnt every day. As a result, _ animals and plants are dying out. Maybe you have never been to a rainforest, so why should you protect them _? Rainforests are important to everyone. They are important because the plants in the rainforests make oxygen. We need oxygen to breathe. Rainforest also help to control the weather. When trees are cut down, it _ hotter. Besides, one quarter of our _ come from plants. Many of these plants can be found only in rainforests. There is a lot that we have not learnt about rainforests. If we _ them, we will never find out. In my opinion, our future _ saving the rainforests. We must tell more people how important rainforests are so that they will stop doing harm to them. We must protect the rainforests now. We have to act now to save our only home. 二、变形 _a. 动词_“What is the boy doing?” I asked myself and looked closely. “Oh, he is _ (pick) up a coin from the ground.” When he _ (stand) up, we saw each other. I asked him if he _ (need) some money. He replied, “No. Thats okay.” From her sad look, Susie noticed that Mrs. Smith must _ (cry) for a long time. They _ (live) here since 2000. There is a German proverb that says, “Friendship is a plant that must be _ (water).” The book written by Lu Xun _ (sell) well. _ (think) about the connections (联系) between words may help you to remember them. Many children are left alone in the countryside. Lets try our best _ (help) them.Would you please give me as many _ (suggest) as possible? The window _ (break) by Jim yesterday has been mended. Dont you see a boy _ (run) towards us? b. 形容词副词_The shark got her left arm, and hurt her _ (bad). Luckily, she tried her best and swam back to the land. He felt _ (true) sorry for what he said. This kind of coffee tastes very _ (well). Her little dog died yesterday. This made her very _ (happy). A person who is _ (honest) always tells lies. She didnt give up her dream of becoming a surfer, but she had to practice _ (hard) than before. Ma Yun, head of Alibaba, is one of _ (rich) persons in the world. Theres not much _ (different) in price between the two mobile phones. c. 名词_ All those foreign _ (thief) have been caught. All parents worry about their _ (child) success. Do you know the girl? She is a friend of my _ (sister). The story is really _ (humor). It makes all of us laugh a lot. I want to learn how to eat _ (health). d. 数词_ Most people speak English as a _ (two) language. Two _ (five) of the students in our class are league members. They go to the library _ (one) a week. e. 代词_ Mother asked the Greens to help _ (they) to some pears. My hobby is reading comic books, what about _(you)? There isnt _ (something) wrong with the computer. f. 介词连词【精讲精练】 A 请用适当的词完成下面的短文。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。 The Great Wall is known as the eighth wonder of the world. Every year thousands of tourists from all over the world come to visit this place of 1_ in China. Last Saturday I went to the Great Wall 2_ some of my friends. It was a sunny day. On our way up, we saw many volunteers keeping order in the sun. They helped the elders with their bags, 3_ photos for some tourists and answered peoples questions. Though they are very 4_, they didnt stop to have a rest. We were deeply moved when we saw this. Just at that moment, we saw 5_ little boy standing alone and crying. We went over and asked what 6_ to him. From his answer we knew that he couldnt find his mother. We told him not to 7_ about it and then we tried to get in touch with his mother with the phone number he gave us. Twenty minutes 8_, his mother turned up. When she saw her son, she was very excited and thanked 9_ with tears in her eyes. That day we not only enjoyed the beauty of the Great Wall, but also felt the warmth of the society. 10_ everyone can reach out a helping hand to others, the world around us will be more and more harmonious (和谐的). 1._ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._ 6._ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._B 根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。（每空一词） Frank was a curious boy. The first time he saw an hourglass (沙漏), he wondered what it was. His mother said, “An hourglass is made in the s_11_ of 8. The sand is put in at one end, and runs through a small hole in the m_12_. It takes the sand exactly an hour to run through.” Frank w_13_ the little stream of sand. He was i_14_, because it would not run faster. “Let me shake it, mother,” said he. “It is lazy, and will never get through.” “It will, Son,” said his mother. “The sand moves little by little, but it moves all the time. When you look at the hands of the clock, you think they go very s_15_, but they never stop. While you are at play, the sand is r_16_, grain by grain. The hands of the clock are moving, second by second. At night, the sand in the hourglass has run through twelve times. The hour hand of the clock has moved a_17_ its great face. This is because they keep working every minute. They do not stop to t_18_ how much they have to do and how long it will take them to do it.” Now, Franks mother wanted him to learn a little poem, but he said, “Mother, I can never learn i_19_.” His mother said, “Study all the time. N_20_ stop to ask how long it will take to learn it.” Frank followed his mothers advice. He studied line after line, very busily; and in one and a half hours he knew the poem perfectly. 11._ 12._ 13._ 14._ 15._ 16._ 17._ 18._ 19._ 20._ C 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。每个词限用一次。 another carry control have life well tree so usual wild Animals are important in Indian culture and are treated in a special way. For example, a lot of elephants arent 21_. They are domesticated (驯养的). They arent kept as pets, but as working animals. Every working elephant 22_ its own keeper. An elephant and its keeper meet for the first time when they are both young, and they grow up together. In fact, their relationship continues for the rest of the elephants 23_ perhaps 40 years. Lots of elephants work in the forest, moving heavy 24_ when they are cut down. Some give rides to tourists, or 25_ people during celebrations and festivals. Keepers take excellent care of their elephants, feeding them 26_ and giving them a bath at the end of the working day. 27_ special animal in India is the cow. Cows are protected animals, 28_ they arent kept on farms or killed for food, although people do use their milk. So in India you can often see cows walking around towns and cities, and nobody tries 29_ them. If they sit down in the middle of the road, people 30_ drive around them! Do you think its interesting? 21. _ 22. _23. _ 24. _25. _26. _ 27. _ 28. _ 29. _30. _ 【参考答案】 【知识点睛】词语运用的关键：定词 变形1. 定词：动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词、连词、冠词、感叹词2. 变形： a. 动词：时态、语态、非谓语动词、词性变化等 b. 形容词/副词：词性变化、反义词、级别变化等 c. 名词：单复数、名词所有格、词性变化等 d. 数词：基数词序数词变化、单复数等 e. 代词：单复数、反身代词、(人称代词)主宾格、形物代/名物代、(不定代词)肯否含义等 一、定词 （动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词、连词、冠词、感叹词）familiar, in trouble, various, with care, gets, medicines, destroy, depends on二、变形a. 动词时态、语态、非谓语动词、词性变化等1. picking；stood2. needed3. have cried4. have lived5. watered6. sells7. Thinking8. to help 9. suggestions 10. broken 11. runningb. 形容词副词词性变化、反义词、级别变化等12. badly 13. truly 14. good 15. unhappy 16. dishonest17. harder18. the richest 19. differencec. 名词单复数、名词所有格、词性变化等20. thieves 21. childrens 22. sisters 23. humorous24. healthilyd. 数词基数词序数词变化、单复数等25. second 26. fifths 27. oncee. 代词单复数、反身代词、(人称代词)主宾格、形物代/名物代、(不定代词)肯否含义等28. themselves 29. yours 30. anything【精讲精练】A篇1. interest 2. with 3. took 4. tired 5. a 6. happened 7. worry8. later 9. us 10. If B篇11. shape 12. middle 13. watched 14. impatient 15. slow/slowly16. running 17. around 18. think 19. it 20. NeverC篇 21. wild 22. has 23. life 24. trees 25. carry 26. well27. Another 28. so 29. to control 30. usually ,