名师A计划2017高考英语一轮总复习教材知识梳理Unit5Firstaid新人教版必修.pptx

Unit 5First aid重点短语重点句型重点单词1.aidvt.&n.帮助;援助;资助2.temporaryadj.暂时的;临时的temporarilyadv.暂时地;临时地3.injuryn.伤害;损伤injurevt.伤害;损害injuredadj.受伤的4.bleedvt.&vi.流血bloodn.血液;血统bloodyadj.出血的;血腥的5.barriern.屏障;障碍(物)6.poisonn.毒药;毒害vt.毒害;使中毒poisonousadj.有毒的;有害的重点短语重点句型重点单词plexadj.复杂的complexityn.复杂;复杂性8.varietyn.变化;多样(化);多变(性)variousadj.各种各样的9.mildadj.轻微的;温和的,温柔的mildlyadv.轻微地;温和地10.swellvt.&vi.(使)膨胀;隆起swollenadj.肿胀的11.unbearableadj.难以忍受的;不能容忍的bearable(反义词)adj.可忍受的bearvt.容忍,忍受vi.开花;结果12.squeezevt.&vi.榨;挤;压榨squeezern.榨汁机;压榨者重点短语重点句型重点单词13.pourvt.&vi.倒;灌;注;滴14.vitaladj.至关重要的,生死攸关的vitallyadv.紧要地,生死攸关地15.tightadj.紧的,牢的;紧密的tightlyadv.紧地,牢牢地tightenvt.&vi.收紧(使)变紧16.firmadj.(动作)稳定有力的;坚定的firmlyadv.坚固地;稳定地17.ceremonyn.典礼;仪式;礼节18.braveryn.勇敢;勇气braveadj.勇敢的bravelyadv.勇敢地重点短语重点句型重点单词19.treatvt.&vi.治疗;对待;款待n.款待;招待treatmentn.治疗;处理20.applyvt.涂,擦;应用,运用vi.使用;申请,请求;有效applicationn.申请;应用applicantn.申请人21.pressuren.压力;挤压;压迫感pressvt.压,榨,挤;逼迫,强迫重点短语重点句型重点单词1.firstaid(对伤患者的)急救2.fallill生病3.electricshock触电;电休克4.squeezeout榨出;挤出5.overandoveragain反复;多次6.inplace在适当的位置;适当7.anumberof若干;许多8.putoneshandson找到9.makeadifference区别对待;有影响,起(重要)作用重点短语重点句型重点单词1.如果烧伤的部位在臂部或腿部,要尽可能把手臂或腿抬到高于心脏的位置。Ifburnsareonarmsorlegs,keepthemhigherthantheheart,ifpossible.2.你的皮肤使你感到冷热、疼痛,它还使你有触觉。Yourskiniswhereyoufeelcold,heat,orpainanditgivesyouyoursenseoftouch.3.约翰正在房间里学习,这时他听到了一声尖叫。Johnwasstudyinginhisroomwhenheheardscreaming.4.正是约翰快捷的动作和急救知识救了斯莱德女士的命。ItwasJohnsquickactionandknowledgeoffirstaidthatsavedMsSladeslife.5.毫无疑问,正是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技能挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。ThereisnodoubtthatJohnsquickthinkingandthefirstaidskillshelearnedatschoolsavedMsSladeslife.Theskin,1.whichactsasabarrieragainstdisease,poisonsandthesunsharmfulrays,isanessentialpartofyourbody.Soifyourskingetsburneditcanbeveryserious.2.Depending(depend)onwhichlayersoftheskinareburned,burnsarecalledfirst,secondorthirddegreeburns.Firstdegreeburnshave3.aneffectonlyonthetoplayeroftheskin,makingonefeels4.mildly(mild)painful.Seconddegreeburnsincludeseveresunburnandburns5.caused(cause)byhotliquids.Thirddegreeburnsareoftencausedby6.electric(electricity)shocks,burningclothes,orseverepetrolfires.Theseaffectallthreelayersoftheskinandanytissueandorgansundertheskin.Firstaidisaveryimportantfirststepinthe7.treatment(treat)ofburns.Forfirstdegreeburns,placecool,clean,wetclothsonthem8.untilthepainisnotsobad.Forseconddegreeburns,keepclothscool9.byputtingthembackinabasinofcoldwater,squeezingthemoutandplacingthemontheburnedareaoverandoveragainforaboutanhouruntilthepainisnotsobad.Iftheinjuriesaresecondorthirddegreeburns,itisvital10.toget(get)thevictimtothedoctororhospitalatonce.重点短语重点句型重点单词aidvt.&n.帮助;援助;资助Firstaidisatemporaryformofhelpgiventosomeonewhosuddenlyfallsillorgetsinjuredbeforeadoctorcanbefound.急救就是在找到医生之前对突然生病或受伤的人所给予的临时性救助。(教材原句P33)常见用法1.aidsb.todosth.帮助某人做某事aidsb.in/with.在某方面帮助某人2.give/offer/carryoutfirstaid进行急救cometoonesaid帮助某人withtheaidofsb.=withonesaid在某人的帮助下withouttheaidof.没有的帮助inaidof为了帮助重点短语重点句型重点单词Thelocalcommunityaidedusinourinvestigation.当地社区协助我们调查。Heshouldbeabletoreadthiswithouttheaidofadictionary.他应当能够不用字典就读懂这个。现学活用完成句子1.你的指导帮她取得了成功。Yourguidanceaidedhertosucceed.2.为帮助饥饿的孩子们,我正在搞募捐。Imcollectingmoneyinaidofstarvingchildren.3.得知我陷入困境后,他立即赶来帮助我。HavinglearnedthatIwasintrouble,hecametomyaidwithoutdelay.重点短语重点句型重点单词injuryn.伤害;损害Oftentheillnessorinjuryisnotserious,butthereareothertimeswhengivingfirstaidquicklycansavelives.疾病或者受伤常常不会很严重,但有时候快速进行急救可能会挽救生命。(教材原句P33)常见用法escape/avoidinjury未受到伤害dosb.aninjury伤害某人Dontdothat.Youlldoyourselfaninjury.别那样做,你会把自己弄伤的。重点短语重点句型重点单词拓展延伸injuredadj.受伤的;受损害的theinjured伤者Hewalkedawaysufferingfromnothingmorethaninjuredpride.他走开了,遭受自尊心受伤的痛苦。词义辨析1.hurt是普通用语,既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。Hefelthurtatyourwords.你的话让他很伤心。2.injure比hurt正式,多指损害健康、成就、容貌等,强调功能的损失。Abulletinjuredhisrighteye.一颗子弹伤了他的右眼。3.harm指肉体上、精神上的伤害,也可指引起不安或不便。Dontharmyoureyesbyreadingindimlight.不要在昏暗的灯光下看书,以免损害眼睛。重点短语重点句型重点单词4.damage主要指对于物的损害,强调对于价值、用途、外观等所造成的损失,这种损失或由自然灾害所致,或由人为造成。Someonedamagedmycarwithastone.有人用石头砸坏了我的汽车。5.wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤,是出血的、严重的伤,特指在战场上受的伤。它可以指肉体上的伤害,也可喻指精神上的创伤。Thebulletwoundedhisarm.子弹打伤了他的一只胳膊。现学活用单句填空1.Allthepassengersinthevehicleescapedinjury(injure).2.Thebusdriverwasbadlyinjured(injure)onbothlegsinthetrafficaccident.3.Theinjuredwererushedtohospitalinanambulance.4.Aremote-controlledbombexplodedoutsideahotelnearthetownsquareyesterday,injuring(injure)atleast12people.重点短语重点句型重点单词squeezevt.&vi.挤压,压榨;挤,挤入常见用法squeezesth.out把某物挤出来squeezesth.outof/from.把某物从挤出squeezeinto/through.挤进squeezeup(使)挤紧Shesqueezedsomejuicefromalemon.她从一只柠檬中挤出了一些汁。Couldyousqueezeupandletmesitdown?挤一挤让我坐下好吗?重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用完成句子1.我们俩人如果挤紧点,他就有地方了。Ifwetwosqueezeup,therellberoomforhim.2.你是如何挤出更多时间来做你想做的事情的?Howcanyousqueezeoutmoretimetodowhatyouwant?3.那条狗挤过了小小的墙洞。Thedogsqueezedthrough/intothesmallholeinthewall.重点短语重点句型重点单词vitaladj.至关重要的;生死攸关的Iftheinjuriesaresecondorthirddegreeburns,itisvitaltogetthevictimtothedoctororhospitalatonce.如果是二度或者三度烧伤,至关重要的是立即把伤者送去看医生或送往医院。(教材原句P35)常见用法bevitalto.对至关重要beofvitalimportance是至关重要的Itisvitaltodosth.做某事很重要Itisvitalthat.是十分重要的Thismatterisofvitalimportancetous.这件事对我们来说至关重要。Itisvitalthatwemovequickly.我们必须快速离开。重点短语重点句型重点单词特别提醒在Itisvitalthat.句型中,that后接的句子使用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。现学活用单句填空1.Lawandorderisvitaltoacountry.2.Itisvitaltokeep(keep)calmwhendealingwithemergency.3.Itisabsolutelyvitalthatthematterbekept(keep)secret.重点短语重点句型重点单词treatvt.&vi.治疗;对待;款待n.款待;请客JohnusedthesetotreatthemostsevereinjuriestoMsSladeshands.约翰用这些东西包扎了斯莱德女士手上最严重的伤口。(教材原句P38)常见用法1.treatsb./sth.对进行治疗treat.as/like把当作,把视为treatsb.with对某人treatsb.tosth.用某物招待某人,以某物款待某人2.beonestreat由某人请客Shewastreatedforsunstroke.她因中暑而接受治疗。Shetreatsmelikeoneofthefamily.她把我当作家人来看待。Letsgooutfordinnermytreatthistime.咱们出去吃饭吧这次我请客。重点短语重点句型重点单词拓展延伸treatmentn.治疗;对待givesb.emergencytreatment对某人进行紧急治疗get/receivetreatment接受治疗现学活用单句填空1.Thewaytheguestsweretreated(treat)inthehotelinfluencedtheirevaluationoftheservice.2.Treatyourself(you)toaglassofwinetohelpyourelaxattheendoftheday.3.HetreatseverythingIsayas/likesomekindofjoke.4.Workershavegotthefreemedicaltreatment(treat).重点短语重点句型重点单词applyvt.涂,擦;应用,运用vi.使用;申请,请求;有效Heslowedthebleedingbyapplyingpressuretothewoundsuntilthepoliceandambulancearrived.他使劲地按住伤口,使血流得慢些,一直等到警察和救护车的到来。(教材原句P38)常见用法applytodosth.申请做某事applyto.适用于,向申请apply.to.将应用于apply(tosb).forsth.向(某人)申请applyoneselfto(doing)sth.致力(做)某事Thenurseappliedtheointmenttothewound.护士把药膏敷到伤口上。Thisrulecannotbeappliedtoeverycase.这条规则不是所有情况都适用。HeappliedhimselftolearningFrench.他致力于学习法语。重点短语重点句型重点单词拓展延伸applicantn.申请者applicationn.申请;申请表;适用appliedadj.实用的,应用的现学活用单句填空1.Theycanbetterapplytheorytopracticeinthisway.2.Theposition,however,forwhichyouareapplying,isnotquiteawell-paidone.3.Manyapplicants(apply)haveappliedtothecompanyfortheonlypositionavailable.4.Applied(apply)ChemistryisabranchofChemistry.重点短语重点句型重点单词fall ill 生病Firstaidisatemporaryformofhelpgiventosomeonewhosuddenlyfallsillorgetsinjuredbeforeadoctorcanbefound.急救就是在找到医生之前对突然生病或受伤的人所给予的临时性救助。(教材原句P33)Shemayfallill,inwhichcaseshewillhavetobetakentothehospitalatonce.她可能病了。如果是这样,就得马上送她去医院。Shehadtostayhomebecausehersonfellill.因为儿子生病了,所以她必须待在家里。重点短语重点句型重点单词拓展延伸fallasleep入睡fallapart土崩瓦解fallbehind落后falloff跌落,下降fallover被绊倒,跌倒fallinlovewith.爱上fallintothehabitof.养成的习惯重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用用fall构成的短语的适当形式填空1.Ifyoudonttryyourbesttolearnallsubjects,youwillfallbehind.2.Hecouldntfallasleeplastnight,becausehewasthinkinghowtofinishhisworkearly.3.Thedealfellapartwhenwefailedtoagreeontheprice.4.Irushedforthedoorandfelloverthecatinthehallway.5.Becarefulnottofallofftheladder.重点短语重点句型重点单词in place 适当;在适当的位置Holdthebandageinplacewithtape.用胶布把绷带固定。(教材原句P35)Shelikestohaveeverythinginplace.她喜欢把所有东西都摆放整齐。Ensuretheguardisinplacebeforeoperatingthemachine.确保防护罩放好后再开机器。拓展延伸outofplace位置不当;不得体,不相称inonesplace=inplaceof代替inthefirstplace最初;首先;第一takeplace发生takeonesplace就座;替代taketheplaceof=takeonesplace代替,替代重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用用place的相关短语完成句子1.我们可用塑料来代替木材或金属。Wecanuseplasticsinplaceofwoodormetal.2.在离开办公室之前,应把所有物品摆放好。Beforeyouleavetheoffice,everythingshouldbeputinplace.3.他那番坦白话实在不适合在宴会上说。Hisfrankstatementswerereallyoutofplaceattheparty.4.我们没有谁能代替约翰工作。WehadnoonetotaketheplaceofJohn.重点短语重点句型重点单词make a difference 有区别;有关系;有影响;起(重要)作用Itshowsthataknowledgeoffirstaidcanmakearealdifference.这表明懂得急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。(教材原句P38)常见用法makeadifferenceto.对起作用/有影响makesome/no/muchdifference有关系/没有关系/有很大关系Theseaairhasmadeadifferencetoherhealth.海上的空气改善了她的健康状况。Yourageshouldntmakeanydifferencetowhetheryougetthejobornot.你能否得到这份工作应该与你的年龄无关。重点短语重点句型重点单词拓展延伸tellthedifference(between.and.)辨别(与的)不同beofno/little/much/greatdifference没有/几乎没有/有很大/有巨大作用现学活用单句填空1.Itmakesnodifferencetomewhetheryoulikeitornot,becauseIneverlistentoyou.2.Whatdifferencewillitmakeifheknowsornot?3.Canyoutellthedifferencebetweenthetwowords?重点短语重点句型重点单词There is no doubt that.毫无疑问ThereisnodoubtthatJohnsquickthinkingandthefirstaidskillshelearnedatschoolsavedMsSladeslife.毫无疑问,是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技能挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。(教材原句P38)ThereisnodoubtthatMaryisqualifiedforthejob.毫无疑问,玛丽适合做这项工作。Thereissomedoubtwhetherhewillbeelected.他是否能当选还不太确定。重点短语重点句型重点单词拓展延伸Thereisnodoubt/denyingthat.毫无疑问Thereissomedoubtwhether.不太确定是否Thereisnodoubtaboutsth.关于某事毫无疑问sb.hasnodoubtthat/about.某人不怀疑sb.hassomedoubtwhether/if.某人怀疑是否特别提醒doubt前有否定词时,后面的从句用that引导,否则用whether引导。现学活用单句填空1.Thereisnodoubtthatyoursuccesshasresultedfromyourhardwork.2.Thereisnodoubtabouthisroleintherobbery.3.Thereissomedoubtwhetherheissuitableforthejob.重点短语重点句型重点单词if possibleIfburnsareonarmsorlegs,keepthemhigherthantheheart,ifpossible.如果烧伤的部位在臂部或腿部,要尽可能把手臂或腿抬到高于心脏的位置。(教材原句P35)ifpossible“如果可能的话”,是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式,相当于ifitispossible。拓展延伸ifso如果是这样ifnot如果不是的话,如果没有的话ifany如果有的话ifever如果曾经有的话,如果发生过的话ifnecessary如果有必要的话重点短语重点句型重点单词Willyoubefreethisevening?Ifso,letsgototheconcerttogether.你今晚有空吗?如果有,我们一起去听音乐会吧。Ifnecessary,Iwillgotheremyself.如果有必要的话,我将亲自去那儿一趟。现学活用用if的省略结构填空1.Haveyougotanyparticularplansforthecomingholiday?Yes,ifpossible,Imgoingtovisitsomehomesfortheoldinthecity.2.IhearAlicewasbadlyinjuredintheaccidentandsenttohospital.Ifso,weshouldgoandseeherimmediately.3.Isanybodyfeelingcold?Ifnot,letsopenthewindows.4.Heseldom,ifever,readsabook.5.Correcttheerrorsinthefollowingsentences,ifany.一、单句填空1.(2015新课标全国卷改编)Overtheyears,Parisiancafes(fall)victimtochangesintheFrenchlifestylelongerworkinghours,afast-foodboomandayoungergenerationsdesiretospendmoretimeathome.1.havefallen。由overtheyears可知,应用现在完成时。句意:近年来,巴黎的咖啡馆成了法国生活方式变化的牺牲品工作时间变长,快餐业兴盛,年轻人更喜欢待在家中。2.(2015北京高考改编)Manystudiesshowthatolderparentstodaysgrandparentswouldhavecalledtheirchildrenmoreoftenifthemeansandcostofdoingsohadnotbeenbarrier.2.a。barrier作“障碍,障碍物”讲为可数名词,此处应用不定冠词表泛指。句意:许多研究表明,如果交流手段和成本不是交流的障碍的话,上一代家长,即现在的祖父母们给子女打电话的频率会更高。3.(2015北京高考改编)Electronicwastesalsocontainmany(poison)metals.3.poisonous。所填词作定语修饰metals,应用形容词poisonous“有毒的”。句意:电子垃圾还包括很多有毒的金属。4.(2015湖南高考改编)Whilefindinginformationiseasierthanever,atthesametime,researchinghasbecomecomplex.4.more。从句中用了比较级词easier,主句也应用比较级形式与之匹配。句意:尽管查询信息比以往更容易了,但与此同时科研却变得更复杂了。5.(2015江苏高考改编)Inmanycountriestheconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityisbeingconsideredorhasbeenputplaceasanincentive(鼓励)forreducingwaste.5.in。句意:在很多国家,生产者责任延伸制的理念正在被人们考虑或者已经准备将其转化为实践,以鼓励人们减少垃圾。put.inplace“把放在适当的位置;将准备就绪”。6.The(damage)shipmanagedwithdifficultytogetbacktoport.6.damaged。此处应用过去分词形式的形容词作定语,修饰名词ship,意为“受损的”。7.(2015江苏高考改编)Thenumberofsmokers,asisreported,(drop)by17percentinjustoneyear.7.hasdropped。injustoneyear为时间段,再结合定语从句的时态可知,应用现在完成时态表示结果;thenumberof短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,故填hasdropped。句意:据报道,吸烟者人数仅一年之内就减少了17%。8.(2015天津高考改编)Theyhavepotential(apply)ineverythingfromeducationtohealthcareandarealreadyfindingtheirwayintosomeofthesespaces.8.application(s)。句意:他们在教育到医疗保健的各个方面都有潜在的应用,并且已经进入到了太空领域。application在此表示“应用,用途”之意,可作可数名词或不可数名词。9.(2013广东高考改编)Ifyoudontenjoywhatyoudo,itisgoingtofeellike(bear)painandwilllikelymakeyouquitwellbeforeyoueverbecomegoodatit.9.unbearable。根据语境以及pain可知此处应填unbearable,表示“无法忍受的疼痛”。10.(2013上海高考改编)Thatiswhymanyamusicsintentionallystayawayfromplacesthereismusic.10.where。此处先行词为places,应用where引导定语从句。二、单元话题微写作急救根据提示,将以下句子连成一篇英语短文。1.张明是一位临时工。一天下午他在上班途中发现一位妇女躺在地上,血流不止。(temporaryworker;bleedheavily)2.他立刻找到一些绷带和胶带,把她最严重的伤口包扎起来。(puthishandson;anumberofbandages;treat)3.他使劲按住伤口,使血流得慢些,一直等到警察和救护车到来。(applypressure;ambulance)4.毫无疑问,是张明的敏捷思维和急救知识挽救了那位妇女的生命。这表明懂得急救知识能发挥至关重要的作用。(Thereisnodoubtthat.;makeavitaldifference)ZhangMing,atemporaryworkerwasonhiswaytoworkoneafternoon,whenhediscoveredawomanlyingonthegroundbleedingheavily.ImmediatelyZhangMingputhishandsonanumberofbandagesandtape,andtreatedthemostsevereinjuriestoherhands.Heslowedthebleedingbyapplyingpressuretothewoundsuntilthepoliceandambulancearrived.ThereisnodoubtthatitwasZhangMingsquickthinkingandknowledgeoffirstaidthatsavedthewomanslife.Itshowsthataknowledgeoffirstaidcanmakeavitaldifference.