句子成分分析09474.pptx

句子成分分析句子成分分析句子成分主语主语 subject谓语谓语 predicate宾语宾语 object表语表语 predicative宾补宾补 complement定语定语 attribute状语状语 adverbial同位语同位语 appositive1.I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语1.1.1.1.主语（主语（主语（主语（subject)subject)subject)subject)：主语是一个句子的主题，是句子所陈述的主体，一般主语是一个句子的主题，是句子所陈述的主体，一般主语是一个句子的主题，是句子所陈述的主体，一般主语是一个句子的主题，是句子所陈述的主体，一般放于句首，可以是人，也可以是物，指动作的执行者。放于句首，可以是人，也可以是物，指动作的执行者。放于句首，可以是人，也可以是物，指动作的执行者。放于句首，可以是人，也可以是物，指动作的执行者。例例:那个学生问了老师一些问题那个学生问了老师一些问题.The student asked the teacher some questions.主语主语主语主语例例:今天的天气非常好今天的天气非常好.The weather is very nice today.主语主语主语主语作主语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、作主语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、the+形容词和主语从句形容词和主语从句。2.2.2.2.谓语（谓语（谓语（谓语（predicate)predicate)predicate)predicate)：谓语一般是指主语的动作或状态，由动词或动词短语充当，谓语一般是指主语的动作或状态，由动词或动词短语充当，谓语一般是指主语的动作或状态，由动词或动词短语充当，谓语一般是指主语的动作或状态，由动词或动词短语充当，位置一般放于主语后面。位置一般放于主语后面。位置一般放于主语后面。位置一般放于主语后面。例例:他工作非常努力他工作非常努力.He works very hard.谓语谓语谓语谓语例例:今天的天气非常好今天的天气非常好.The weather is very nice today.谓语谓语谓语谓语例例:他在字典里查出了这个单词他在字典里查出了这个单词.He looked up the word in the dictionary.谓语谓语谓语谓语作谓语的有：及物动词或作谓语的有：及物动词或不不及物动词短语。以及系及物动词短语。以及系动词动词3.3.3.3.宾语（宾语（宾语（宾语（object)object)object)object)：宾语在句子中主要充当动作的承受者，一般放于及物动词宾语在句子中主要充当动作的承受者，一般放于及物动词宾语在句子中主要充当动作的承受者，一般放于及物动词宾语在句子中主要充当动作的承受者，一般放于及物动词之后。之后。之后。之后。例例:老师把灯关了老师把灯关了.The teacher turned off the lights.介宾介宾介宾介宾例例:他们将不会伤害我们他们将不会伤害我们.They wont hurt us.动宾动宾动宾动宾例例:他在上个星期放弃吸烟了他在上个星期放弃吸烟了.He gave up smoking last week.介宾介宾介宾介宾宾语宾语动宾动宾介宾介宾宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指直接宾语指物物,间接宾语指人间接宾语指人.He gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语Please pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词、the+形容词和宾语从句形容词和宾语从句。4.4.4.4.表语：（表语：（表语：（表语：（precative)precative)precative)precative)表语主要用于表述主语的特征，状态，身份等。它位于连表语主要用于表述主语的特征，状态，身份等。它位于连表语主要用于表述主语的特征，状态，身份等。它位于连表语主要用于表述主语的特征，状态，身份等。它位于连系动词后，构成系表结构。系动词后，构成系表结构。系动词后，构成系表结构。系动词后，构成系表结构。连系动词连系动词连系动词连系动词例例:我是一个老师我是一个老师.I am a teacher.表语表语表语表语例例:这种水果尝起来味道很好这种水果尝起来味道很好.This kind of fruit tastes very delicious.表语表语表语表语1.be1.be动词动词(am,is,are,was,were)(am,is,are,was,were)3.3.感官动词感官动词(look,smell,hear,feel)(look,smell,hear,feel)+表语表语表语表语2.2.表状态变化的动词表状态变化的动词(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay)(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay)例例:那个女孩变得非常担心那个女孩变得非常担心.The girl got worried.表语表语表语表语作表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、表地点或作表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、表地点或方位的副词、不定式、动名词、分词和表语从句。方位的副词、不定式、动名词、分词和表语从句。5.5.5.5.定语定语定语定语:(attribute):(attribute):(attribute):(attribute)定语是用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词，形容词定语是用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词，形容词定语是用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词，形容词定语是用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词，形容词通常作定语。通常作定语。通常作定语。通常作定语。这是一节生动有趣的课这是一节生动有趣的课这是一节生动有趣的课这是一节生动有趣的课This is a lively and interesting class.有一些难题要处理有一些难题要处理有一些难题要处理有一些难题要处理There is something difficult to deal with.前置定语前置定语后置定语后置定语It took him quite a little time to get familiar with the routes _ to the nest-shaped stadium.花了很长时间他才熟悉通往鸟巢形的体育馆的路。花了很长时间他才熟悉通往鸟巢形的体育馆的路。leading定语定语He is a clever boy.They are building a stone bridge.There are 54 students in our class.Do you known Bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.I met a friend on my way home.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)(副词副词)作定语的有：作定语的有：名词、形容词、副词、数词、名词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词、动名词和定语从介词短语、不定式、分词、动名词和定语从句，句，若是词则多作前置定语，若是短语或定若是词则多作前置定语，若是短语或定语从句则只能作后置定语。如语从句则只能作后置定语。如the polluted river中的中的polluted和和 the river polluted by chemicals中的中的polluted by chemicals.状语状语状语状语:(adverbial):(adverbial):(adverbial):(adverbial)状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分；按状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分；按状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分；按状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分；按用途分，可分为用途分，可分为用途分，可分为用途分，可分为时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件，时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件，时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件，时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件，让步，程度，方式，伴随状况让步，程度，方式，伴随状况让步，程度，方式，伴随状况让步，程度，方式，伴随状况等。等。等。等。表时间：表时间：yesterday,today,tomorrow Shall we go shopping today or tomorrow?我们是今天还是明天出去买东西啊？我们是今天还是明天出去买东西啊？我们是今天还是明天出去买东西啊？我们是今天还是明天出去买东西啊？表地点：表地点：in China,at the airport I saw a student in the classroom.我在教室里看见一个学生我在教室里看见一个学生我在教室里看见一个学生我在教室里看见一个学生表原因表原因:because,as,for,since他因为生病所以今天没有去上学他因为生病所以今天没有去上学他因为生病所以今天没有去上学他因为生病所以今天没有去上学 Because he was illBecause he was ill,he didnt go to school today.,he didnt go to school today.表结果：表结果：to+do,v+ing,从句从句那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了The boy fell off the tree,striking his head against the ground.表目的表目的表目的表目的:in order to,in order that,for the purpose:in order to,in order that,for the purpose为了考入一个更好的学校，我必须更加努力为了考入一个更好的学校，我必须更加努力为了考入一个更好的学校，我必须更加努力为了考入一个更好的学校，我必须更加努力In order to get into a better school,I must study even harder.表条件表条件:as/soas/so long as,if,unless,只要努力学习，你就会取得好成绩只要努力学习，你就会取得好成绩只要努力学习，你就会取得好成绩只要努力学习，你就会取得好成绩As long as you study hard,you can get a high mark.表让步表让步表让步表让步:in spite of,despite,although,though:in spite of,despite,although,though他虽然不认识我，但却帮了我他虽然不认识我，但却帮了我他虽然不认识我，但却帮了我他虽然不认识我，但却帮了我He helped me although he didnt know me.表程度表程度:very,enough,to some extent那里的风景非常漂亮那里的风景非常漂亮那里的风景非常漂亮那里的风景非常漂亮The scenery there is very beautiful.表方式表方式:like that,as,as if不要那样看我不要那样看我不要那样看我不要那样看我Dont look at me like that!表伴随状况：表伴随状况：老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书The teacher came into the classroom,catching a book in his hand.with作状语的有：副词（短语）、介词短语、作状语的有：副词（短语）、介词短语、不定式、分词（短语）、名词短语和状语不定式、分词（短语）、名词短语和状语从句。状语说明时间、地点、原因、目的、从句。状语说明时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。其位置多位于句首或句尾，但表频况等。其位置多位于句首或句尾，但表频率或程度的副词应位于句中率或程度的副词应位于句中be动词、情态动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前。地点动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前。地点和时间应按先小后大的顺序。和时间应按先小后大的顺序。.补语补语补语补语:(complement):(complement):(complement):(complement)补语补语主语补足语：主语补足语：宾语补足语：宾语补足语：补充说明主语的动作或状态补充说明主语的动作或状态补充说明主语的动作或状态补充说明主语的动作或状态补充说明宾语的动作或状态补充说明宾语的动作或状态补充说明宾语的动作或状态补充说明宾语的动作或状态我又累又困，就去睡了。我又累又困，就去睡了。我又累又困，就去睡了。我又累又困，就去睡了。Tired and sleepy,I went to bed.2 2 2 2我发现那本书很有趣。我发现那本书很有趣。我发现那本书很有趣。我发现那本书很有趣。I found that book very interesting.主语补足语主语补足语宾语补宾语补足语足语你的朋友来上学时心情很不好。你的朋友来上学时心情很不好。Your friend comes to school very upset.作补足语的有：名词、形容词、介词短语、作补足语的有：名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式和分词（短语）不定式和分词（短语）8.8.8.8.同位语同位语同位语同位语:(appositive):(appositive):(appositive):(appositive)当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语。的同位语。的同位语。的同位语。我们有两个孩子，一男一女我们有两个孩子，一男一女我们有两个孩子，一男一女我们有两个孩子，一男一女We have two children,a boy and a girl.那人是我的老师，他从来都不骑自行车那人是我的老师，他从来都不骑自行车那人是我的老师，他从来都不骑自行车那人是我的老师，他从来都不骑自行车The man,my teacher,never rides a bike.I want this diary itself to be my friend.P 77句子类型句子类型1、简单句：简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和、简单句：简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。如：一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。如：My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.2 2、并列句：并列句由并列连词或分号、并列句：并列句由并列连词或分号“；”把两个或把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。如：两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。如：It is late,so we must hurry.3、复合句：复合句中含有一个或一个以上的从句。、复合句：复合句中含有一个或一个以上的从句。如：如：If we want to keep fit,we must always remember that prevention is better than cure.从以上并列句和复合句的例句来看，我们不难看出从以上并列句和复合句的例句来看，我们不难看出它们实际上是由几个简单句通过并列连词或从属连词它们实际上是由几个简单句通过并列连词或从属连词连接起来的。连接起来的。简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型一一:(主谓主谓)二二:(主系表主系表)三三:(主谓宾主谓宾)四四:(主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾)五五:(主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补)基本句型基本句型 一一:(主谓主谓)谓语谓语:不及物动词不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语没有宾语,形成主谓结构。形成主谓结构。如如:We come.(不及物动词不及物动词)1.The sun rose.2.Who cares?3.What he said does not matter.4.They talked for half an hour.5.The pen writes smoothly基本句型二：基本句型二：(是系动词是系动词)(表语表语)1.This is an English-Chinese dictionary.2.The dinner smells good.3.He fell in love.4.Everything looks different.5.He is growing tall and strong.6.Our well has gone dry.7.His face turned red.连系动词有：连系动词有：be,/seem,appear,(look)/keep,stay,remain,stand(still),lie(awake),/prove,turn out/look,feel,sound,smell,taste/become,grow,get,turn,go(mad,hungry,bad,wrong),come(true),fall(ill,asleep),run(mad,dry)基本句型基本句型 三三:(主谓宾主谓宾)此句型的此句型的特点特点是：谓语动词都是及物动词是：谓语动词都是及物动词,必须必须跟有一个宾语跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。才能使意思完整。(及物动词及物动词)(宾语宾语)1.Whoknowsthe answer?2.He has refusedto help them.3.Heenjoysreading.4.Hesaid“Good morning.”5.Headmitsthat he was mistaken.基本句型基本句型 四四:(主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,e.g.give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个这两个宾语通常一个指人指人(间接宾语间接宾语);一个指物一个指物(直接宾语直接宾语)。-Give me a cup of tea please.-Give a cup of tea to me please.give sb sth=give sth to sb 在此句型中，我们要掌握接动词不定式作宾语和接动名词作宾语的动词。只接动名词的动词：advise allow avoid admit advocate acknowledge consider deny delay enjoy excuse escape fancy forgive finish imagine,include,keep,miss,mind pardon practise permit risk resist stand stop,leave off,put off,insist on,cant help,dislike只接不定式的动词 wish hope manage offer ask pretend decide learn desire agree care choose determine undertake expect threat promise seek两者都接的动词：没有区别attempt,continue,intend,cant bear,propose cant afford,fear,cease略有区别like hate love prefer;begin start区别很大want,need,require,deserve;forget,remember,regret,try,mean,go on(及物及物)(多指人多指人)(多指物多指物)1.She ordered herself a new dress.2.He brought you a dictionary.3.I showed him my pictures.4.I told him that the bus was late.5.He showed me how to run the machine.基本句型基本句型 五五:(主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补)此句型的此句型的特点特点是是:动词虽然是及物动词动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个必须加上一个补充成分补充成分来补足宾语来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。才能使意思完整。宾语补足语宾语补足语:位于位于宾语之后宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词可以用作宾语补足语的有名词,形容词形容词,不定式不定式,动名词动名词,分词分词,介词短语等。介词短语等。We should keep the plants in the shade.Exercises(一)挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework.People all over the world speak English.How many new words did you learn last class?Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,how about you?The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.(二)挑出下列句中的表语-The old man was feeling very tired.-The leaves have turned yellow.-Soon They all became interested in the subject.(三)挑出下列句中的定语1.What is your given name?2.I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.3.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.4.I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.He asked her to take the boy out of school.She found it difficult to do the work.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.(五)挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face.Every night he heard the noise upstairs.He began to learn English when he was eleven.The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Li hurried off.She loves the library because she loves books.I am afraid that if youve lost it,you must pay for it.The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.划分句子成分划分句子成分1.You will tell your friend that youve got to school.2.But as the moon gave far too much light,I didnt dare open a window.3.Another time five months ago,I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.4.The dark,rainy evening,the wind,the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.1.You will tell（your）friend that youve got to school.2.But as the moon gave far too much light,I didntdare open a window.3.Another time five months ago,I happened to beUpstairs at dusk(when the window was open).4.The(dark,rainy)evening,the wind,the thunderingClouds held me entirely in their power.主语谓语谓语间宾间宾定语直接宾语原因状语原因状语主语 谓语谓语宾语宾语状语1.There are so many people in the hall.2.I found him out.3.They made the girl angry.4.They listened carefully.5.The gas has given out.6.The cake tastes nice.7.He give me a book.8.He stood quite still.9.Have you read the story?10.They built a house last year.作业作业 A Lebanese who had left the country for Syria during the conflict between Israel and Hizbollah returns with her family following the ceasefire,at the Lebanon-Syria border in Magdel Anjar August 14,2006.长难句分析长难句分析 Even though there may be a tendency in some rare families to live extraordinarily long,the genetic influence that emerged from the studies of twins was significantly less than much of the public and many scientists think it is.S+V+P Josephine Tesauro,left,active and healthy at 92,is part of a study trying to determine why some people age better than others,even when they are closely related.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century,the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds,including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem,and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.（NMET2003.C篇）篇）这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。1.They guess that racial differences in which dairy products are usually consumed,or in eating habitshaving small amounts of dairy products throughout the day,for instance,rather than a single large servingmay help explain the finding.2.How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cagesin unnatural environmentsmostly forentertainment purposesis fair and respectful?3.Human beings have agreed,in the course of centuries ofmutual dependency,to let the various noises that they can produce with their lungs,throats,tongues,teeth,and lips systematically stand for certain happenings in their nervous systems.Homework 长难句分析长难句分析 4.Just as social positions can be symbolized by feathers worn on the head,by gold on the watch chain,or by a thousand other things according to the culture we live in,so the fact of being hungry can be symbolized by a thousand different noises according to the culture we live in.5.The fact that most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty as they would have if they had not left their countries.翻译以下句子翻译以下句子1.你的故事听起来很有趣。You story sounds very interesting.2.我感到有一点累。I felt a bit tired.3.我妹妹是在农村长大的。My younger sister grew up in the country.4.这家医院创建于1950年。This hospital was set up in 1950.5.他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。He broke the traffic rule because he drove his car too fast.6、他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。He brought out a bottle of beer and drank it up quickly.7、顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？By the way,has she paid you the money?8、下学期谁教你们生物？Who will teach you biology next term?9、他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净He always keeps his bedroom clean.10、什么促使你这样想的？What made you think so?