(英语) 高考英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案).pdf

（英语）（英语）高考英语阅读理解专项训练高考英语阅读理解专项训练 100(100(附答案附答案)一、高中英语阅读理解一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 Amazing concept images have shown what homes of the future could look like,as preparationsare made for the worlds first free from 3D-printed property(房产).Experts will build a house called Curve Appeal,which will be 3D-printed off-site before beingput together on-site to create two outside walls,a roof and an inside part.These four mainsections will then be joined together.Although 3D-printed buildings have been made before,this home-to be constructed inChattanooga,Tennessee,later this year will be the first of its kind,as it will contain no regularshapes or angles.The house is the creation of the design company WATG,based in London andCalifornia.The design for Curve Appeal draws inspiration from the Case Study House program.The architects leading the program were famed for constantly pushing the limits in terms ofminimalist(极简主义)materials,and trying to create open-plan spaces that focused onenhancing(增强)natural light.In a written statement,a spokesman for WATG said,“Employingmany of the same modem design principles,Curve Appeal is the next evolutionary step.Itsimportant that the architecture and the environment work together harmoniously.The chosensite is steps away from the Tennessee River in a beautiful wooded,sunlit area.”WATG was awarded the first prize in the Freeform Home Design Challenge in 2016 and givenprize money of$8,000 to make its plans a reality.The competition was aimed at architects,designers,engineers and artists.Participants were challenged to design a 600 to 800sq ft single-family home that rethinks traditional aesthetics(美学),ergonomics,construction,buildingsystems and structure.Over the last year,WATGs Chicago office has been developing their design with BranchTechnology.This project is currently underway,working towards breaking ground later this year.Once completed,the Curve Appeal home will have open and light-filled inside living spaces.（1）From the passage we can know that Curve Apple .A.will be different from an ordinary houseB.is the first 3D-printed buildingC.has apparent walls and a roof D.was ever built in the world（2）Where is the architect located according to Paragraph 4?A.Far away from the Tennessee River.B.In the woods near the Tennessee River.C.Between the Tennessee River and the woods.D.Next to some modem architectures.（3）What does the Freeform Home Design Challenge do?A.It motivates participants to design at random.B.It emphasizes traditions rather thanmodernization.C.It sponsors competitors when necessary.D.It helps put creative ideas into practice.（4）Whats the passage mainly about?A.What our homes will look like in the future.B.The Freeform Home Design Challenge.C.The worlds first freeform 3D-printed house.D.The development of 3D in architecture.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界上第一个免费的3D 打印房子。(1)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Experts will build a house called Curve Appeal,which willbe 3D-printed off-site before being put together on-site to create two outside walls,a roof and aninside part.These four main sections will then be joined to gether.”可知，Curve Apple 不同于一般的房子。故选 A。(2)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The chosen site is steps away from the Tennessee River in abeautiful wooded,sunlit area.”可知，建筑师住在 the Tennessee River 附近的树林里。故选B。(3)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“WATG was awarded the first prize in the FreeformHome Design Challenge in 2016 and given prize money of$8,000 to make its plans a reality.Thecompetition was aimed at architects,designers,engineers and artists.”可知，the Freeform HomeDesign Challenge 有助于把创造性的想法付诸实践。故选D。(4)考查主旨大意。根据第三段中的“Although 3D-printed buildings have been made before,thishome-to be constructed in Chattanooga,Tennessee,later this year will be the first of its kind,as it will contain no regular shapes or angles.”可知，本文主要谈论的是世界上第一个免费的3D 打印房子。故选 C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解Learning,Fast and Deep Over the past five years researchers in artificial intelligence have become the rock stars of thetechnology world.A branch of AI known as deep learning,which uses neural(神经的)networks toscan through large volumes of data looking for patterns,has proven so useful that skilledpractitioners can command high six-figure salaries to build software for Amazon,Apple,Facebookand Google.The standard route into these jobs has been a PhD in computer science from one of Americastop universities.Earning one takes years and requires a personality suited to academia,which israre among more normal folk.That is changing.Last month fast.ai,a non-profit education organization based in San Francisco,kicked off thethird year of its course in deep learning.Since its foundation it has attracted more than 100,000students around the globe from India to Nigeria.The course and others like it,come with asimple idea:there is no need to spend years obtaining a PhD in order to practise deep learning.Creating software that learns can be taught as a craft,not as a high intellectual pursuit to beundertaken only in an ivory tower.Fast.ais course can be completed in just seven weeks.To make it accessible to anyone who wants to learn how to build AI software is the aim ofJeremy Howard,who founded fast.ai with Rachel Thomas,a mathematician.He says schoolmathematics is sufficient.No.Greek.Letters,Mr.Howard intones,pounding the table with hisfist for punctuation.Some experts worry that this will serve only to create a flood of unreliable AI systems whichwill be useless at best and dangerous at worst.In the earliest days of the Internet,only a selectfew nerds,namely computer holies with specific skills,could build applications.Not many peopleused them.Then the invention of the World Wide Web led to an explosion of web pages,bothgood and bad.But it was only by opening up to all that the Internet gave birth to online shopping,instant global communications and search.If Mr.Howard and others have their way,making thedevelopment of AI software easier will bring forth a new crop of fruit of a different kind.（1）What can we learn about deep learning?A.It replaces artificial intelligence.B.It attracts rock stars to practice.C.It scans patterns for large companies.D.It helps technicians to create software.（2）Fast.ai is an organization that .A.ensures one to obtain a PhDB.teaches craft in ivory towerC.offers a course in deep learningD.requires weeks to apply（3）The underlined words No.Greek.Lettersin Paragraph 5 means doing fast.ai course is .A.easy B.difficult C.interesting D.boring（4）It can be inferred from the last paragraph that .A.it is quite reliable for anyone to grasp artificial intelligenceB.the Internet has brought forth a flood of useless AI systemsC.opening up to all leads to instant global search and online shoppingD.simplifying software development may result in unexpected outcomes【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，人工智能的深度学习被证明很有用，霍华德和数学家托马斯一起创办的非营利性教育机构致力于让深度学习变得简单。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”A branch of AI known as deep learning,which usesneural networks to scan through large volumes of data looking for patternsbuild software forAmazon,Apple,Facebook and Google.“可知 AI 技术的一个分支、运用神经网络处理大量数据并从中寻找模式的深度学习被证明非常有用，亚马逊、苹果、Facebook 和谷歌愿意开出六位数高薪，聘请熟练的专业人员编写软件。这说明深度学习能帮助编写软件，故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的”Last month fast.ai,a non-profit education organizationbased in San Francisco,kicked off the third year of its course in deep learning.“可知。上月，位于旧金山的非营利性教育机构 fast.ai 进入了它开办深度学习课程的第三年。也就是说 fast.ai 是一个提供深度学习课程的组织，故选C。（3）考查句义猜测。根据五段中的”To make it accessible to anyone who wants to learn Hesays school mathematics is sufficient.“可知让深度学习不再神秘是杰里米霍华德的目标，为此，他和数学家雷切尔托马斯一起创立了 fast.ai，让任何想学习编写 AI 软件的人都能学习这门技术。霍华德说有中学数学知识就足够了。这说明 fast.ai 的课程很简单，仅需要中学数学知识。因此霍华德说No.Greek.Letters”没有，希腊，字母“是想说 fast,ai 的深度学习课程很简单。故选 A。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”If Mr Howard and others have their way,making thedevelopment of AI software easier will bring forth a new crop of fruit of a different kind.“如果霍华德和其他人如愿以偿，那么让 AI 软件开发变得更容易将会催生出一批新的不同的果实。由此推断简化软件开发可能会导致意料之外的结果。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 It is bad to have food stuck between your teeth for long periods of time.This is because foodattracts germs;germs produce acid,and acid hurts your teeth and gums.Flossing(使用牙线)helps to remove the food that gets stuck between your teeth.This explains why flossing helps tokeep your mouth healthy,but some doctors say that flossing can also be good for your heart.It may seem strange that something you do for your teeth can have any effect on your heart.Doctors have come up with a few ideas about how flossing works to keep your heart healthy.Oneidea is that the germs that hurt your teeth can leave the mouth and travel into your blood.Germsthat get into the blood can then attack your heart.Another idea is based on the fact that whenthere are too many germs in your mouth,the body tries to fight against there germs.For somereason,the way the body fights these mouth germs may end up weakening the heart overtime.Not every doctor agrees about these ideas.Some doctors think that the link between goodflossing habits and good heart health is only a coincidence.The incidence(发生率)of two ormore events is completely random,as they do not admit of any reliable cause and effectrelationship between them.For example,every time I wash my car,it rains.This does not meanthat when I wash my car,I somehow change the weather.This is only a coincidence.Similarly,some doctors think that people who have bad flossing habits just happen to also have heartproblems,and people who have good flossing habits just happen to have healthy hearts.The theory that flossing your teeth helps to keep your heart healthy might not be true.Butevery doctor agrees that flossing is agreat way to keep your teeth healthy.So even if flossingdoes not help your heart,it is true to help your teeth.This is enough of a reason for everyone tofloss their teeth every day.（1）From the passage,we know that _.A.food stuck between your teeth may hurt your teethB.all of the doctors agree that flossing is good for your heartC.doctors judgment about flossing is based on medical researchD.not every doctor thinks flossing helps to keep your teeth healthy（2）The underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 is to _.A.provide an exampleB.make a comparisonC.introduce a new topic D.develop the previous statement（3）Which of the following best states the main idea of the last paragraph?A.It is a fact that flossing can help your heart as well as your teeth.B.There is no good reason to believe that flossing will help your heart.C.Because doctors find flossing wont help your heart,it is useless to floss.D.Even if flossing is only good for your teeth,you should still do it every day.（4）Which is the best title for the passage?A.Flossing by CoincidenceB.How to Keep Your Teeth HealthyC.Flossing Habits and Healthy Hearts D.Why Doctors Disagree About Flossing【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文提到经过研究，剔牙与保持心脏之间没有必然的联系，但剔牙能保护牙齿的健康是可以肯定的。(1)推理判断题。根据第一段提到It is bad to have food stuck between your teeth for longperiods of time.This is because food attracts germs(细菌),germs produce acid,and acid hurtsyour teeth and gums.(长时间让食物停留在牙齿是有害处的，这是因为食物能吸引细菌，细菌会产生酸，腐蚀你的牙齿)，故选 A 项。(2)句意猜测题。Not every doctor agrees about these ideas 不是每个医生都对这些问题持相同的态度，Some doctors think that the link between good flossing habits and good heart healthis only a coincidence.一些医生认为用牙线剔牙与心脏健康之间的关系只是偶然Similarly,some doctors think that people who have bad flossing habits just happen to also have heartproblems 一些医生认为有剔牙习惯的碰巧有心脏问题，故是发展以前的观点，因此选D项。(3)段落大意题。根据最后一段提到剔牙能保持你的心脏健康这一理论可能并不正确的，但医生同意剔牙能保证牙齿的健康，因此即使剔牙不能有助于你的心脏，肯定能保护你牙齿，这就是每天剔牙的重要原因，故选D 项。(4)主旨标题题。本文提到经过研究，剔牙与保持心脏之间没有必然的联系，但剔牙能保护牙齿的健康是可以肯定的，故选C 项。4阅读理解 On February 6,Space X,a private US aerospace company owned by Elon Musk,has successfullylaunched its new Falcon Heavy spacecraft,making it the worlds most powerful rocket.Falcon Heavy is the largest rocket since the retirement of NASAs Saturn V,which was used forthe Moon missions in the 1970s.“Falcon Heavy can launch about 64 tonnes into low Earth orbit-thats almost three times more than the current running biggest launch vehicle,Delta IVHeavy,”Imperial College astrophysicist David Clements told AI Jazeera.According to Space X,Falcon Heavy can lift into orbit a mass greater than a 737 jet loaded with passengers,crew,luggage and fuel.The rocket was designed with the idea of earning humans into space and opening thepossibility of flying missions with people to the Moon and even Mars.For its first voyage,itcarried Musks$100,000 cherry-red Tesla sports car and a fake space-suited human model fixedin the drivers seat.Musk joked that“it may be discovered by some future alien race”.Falcon Heavy went into space on its last flight on February 6.The launch took place at NASAsCape Canaveral Air Force Station and Kennedy Space Center in the US state of Florida,the spotalso used for the Apollo 11 Moon mission and several space shuttle launches.It was delayed byseveral hours because of high winds in the upper atmosphere.Minutes after take-off,the twoouter boosters(助推器)landed at the nearby Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.Space X announced plans to eventually use Falcon Heavy to launch two paying space touristson a trip around the Moon.However,Musk said he will probably reserve that mission for anotherlaunch system,the BFR.Recently,Space X scheduled to launch a Falcon 9 rocket for NASAs TESSmission on March 20,2018.It is reported that Space X is scheduled to complete 30 independentlaunch missions in 2018,at least half of which will use Falcon 9.（1）Which of the following can function as a rocket?A.A 737 jet.B.Tesla.C.Saturn V.D.Space X.（2）What do we know about Falcon Heavy from the text?A.It was the latest rocket in the world.B.It is of the same load as a 737 jet.C.It is to be found by the creatures in the outer space.D.It was launched at the same placefor the Apollo 11 mission.（3）What delayed the launch of Falcon Heavy?A.Weather condition.B.Program error.C.Equipment failure.D.Deliberate damage.（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The BFR will be completed in 2018.B.The vehicle to launch space tourists is unknown.C.Tourists will be sent into space by Falcon 9.D.Falcon 9 will take 15 launch missions.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】这是一篇时文报道类文章。2 月 6 日，伊隆马斯克的私人航天航空公司Space X 成功的发射了猎鹰号重型航天器，使得它成为世界上最强大的火箭。文章介绍了猎鹰号重型航天器的具体情况。（1）推理判断题。由第二段中的“Falcon Heavy is the largest rocket since the retirement ofNASAs Saturn V”可知，Falcon Heavy 是 Saturn V 退役之后的最大的火箭。由此可推知，Saturn V 曾经是最大的火箭。故C 选项正确。（2）细节理解题。由第四段中的“The launch took place at NASAs Cape Canaveral Air ForceStation and Kennedy Space Center in the US state of Florida,the spot also used for the Apollo 11Moon mission and several space shuttle launches”可知，发射 Falcon Heavy 是在佛罗里达州的卡纳维拉尔角空军基地和肯尼迪航天中心。该地也被用来执行阿波罗11 号的登月任务。结合选项，D 选项正确。（3）细节理解题。由第四段中的“It was delayed by several hours because of high winds in theupper atmosphere”可知，因为天气原因导致它延迟发射。故A 选项正确。（4）推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Space X announced plans to eventually use Falcon Heavyto launch two pa