高考同位语从句详解与习题.pdf

同位语同位语一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。1.1.名词作同位语名词作同位语Mr.Wang,my childs teacher,will be visiting us on Tuesday.2.2.短语作同位语短语作同位语I,the oldest girl in the family,always had to care for the other children.3.3.直接引语作同位语直接引语作同位语But now the question comes to their minds,“Did she die young because shewas a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”4.4.句子作同位语句子作同位语The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Greatlakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。同位语从句用法同位语从句用法一、同位语从句在句中的位置一、同位语从句在句中的位置1.在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。(如 news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility 等)Ive come from Mr.Wang with a message that he wont be able to see youthis afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。I heard the news that our team had won我听到了我们队获胜的消息。注：在名词 doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用 whether 连接；在 no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用 that 连接。We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise.我们相信张卫会守信的。2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she lefthome.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money tobuy some flowers for my mothers birthday由于 that 从句太长，为避免句子失去平衡，此处用了间隔同位语从句二、同位语从句的引导词二、同位语从句的引导词英语中引导同位语从句的词通有 连词(that，whether),连接代词(what,who,whom,whose,which),连接副词(how,when,where)等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）1.1.连词连词 thatthat 引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的thatthat 不能省略）不能省略）The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（that 从句作idea 的同位语）【注 1】在某些名词(如 demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气(should)+动词原形。There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.【注 2】引导同位语从句的连词 that 通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyoplane.他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。2.2.连词连词 whetherwhether 引导同位语从句引导同位语从句（注：（注：if if 不能引导同位语从句）不能引导同位语从句）The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by thefamily doctor.我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。3.3.连接代词连接代词 what,who,whom,whose,whichwhat,who,whom,whose,which引导同位语从句引导同位语从句I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。I have no idea which wine is bestits a matter of personal taste.我不知道哪种酒最好，这是个人口味的问题。The question who will take his place is still not clear.4.4.连接副词连接副词 when,where,how,whywhen,where,how,why引导同位语从句引导同位语从句We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summervacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。My original question,why he did it at all,has not been answered.三、同位语从句前名词的数三、同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word 除外)加以修饰。Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪儿听说我不能来？四、同位语从句与四、同位语从句与 定语从句定语从句 的的语法区别的的语法区别1 1意义的不同意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是 限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news 的内容就是 that he will come，故 that 引导的是同位语从句)We are glad at the news that he told us.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that 从句是限制 the news 的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的 news，故 that 从句为定语从句)2.2.引导词的不同引导词的不同what,how,if,whatever等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。3.3.引导词的功能上的不同引导词的功能上的不同that 引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 thathe told us 中的 that 就充当 told 的宾语。五、补充五、补充1.代词 it 可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个 it 常放在某些 动词或短语动词后作宾语，同时兼作其后 that 同位语从句的先行词。I owe it to you that I am still alive.幸亏你，我现在还活着。有的语法学家把先行词it 后的 that 从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为，这种 it 后的 that 从句应看作 it 的同位语，因为它相当于“主语+be+表语”结构。You must se to it that the children dont catch cold.(=You must see to it,andIt is that the children dont catch cold.)你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。2.2.短语短语及固定句式后的同位语从句及固定句式后的同位语从句I will come on condition that John is invited.如果约翰也被邀请的话，我就来。简析：短 语 On condition,on supposition,on the ground(s),on theunderstanding,with the exception,in spite of the fact,on the assumption及句式There be+no doubt(hope,chance,possibility,)后的 that 从句为同位语从句。练习一用适当的连接词填空：It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.2.I have no idea _ we can do with these waste materials.3._the doctor really doubts is_my mother will recover from theserious disease soon.4.It is hoped_nature will never be destroyed.5._do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow?6.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that _ you had a few days off?7.Word came_I was wanted at the office.8.Do you know _of them will be our new headmaster?9.The teacher didnt tell me _we were wrong.10.Its generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants.B.单项选择It was true _ Alice did surprised her mother.A.thatB.whatC.that,whatD.what,that2.Does _matter much _he cant come to the meeting.A.it,ifB.that,ifC.it,whetherD.this,whether3.-What are you anxious about?-_A.How can we succeedB.Whether we can succeedC.When canwe succeedD.That we can succeed4.The reason _the little actress has been such a success is _she isboth clever and hard-working.A.why,whyB.why,thatC.that,becauseD.for,because5._leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnyoneD.The person6.I really dont know _I had this photo taken.A.where it was thatB.it was thatC.where it wasD.it waswhy7.?Dr.Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge.I cant remember_.A.whereB.thereC.whichD.that8.-What do you think of China?-_different life is today from _it used to be.A.How,whatB.What,whatC.How,thatD.What,that9.Give this to _you think can do the work well.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever10._troubles me is _I cant learn all these English idioms by heart.A.That,thatB.What,whatC.That,whatD.What,that答案 A.1.that2.what3.what,whether 4.that5.who6.why7.that8.which 9.where 10.whateverB.15 CABBB610 ACACD练 习 二1.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all.A.that B.what C.why D.which2.The fact _ he was successful proves his ability.A.that B.what C.which D.why3.The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A.what B.that C.why D.when4.His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A.which B.that C./D.it5.I have no idea _ he will start.A.when B.that C.what D./6.Ive come from the government with a message _ the meetingwont be held tomorrow.A.if B.that C.whether D.which7.The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him.A.when B.which C.what D.that8.The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A.which B.whether C.that D.what9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear _ hewould die of the disease.A.that B.as C.of which D.which10.He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing.A.whether B.where C.that D.when1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA