英语简单句的五种基本句型(讲解、练习、打印版).pdf

简单句的五种基本句型讲解及习题简单句的五种基本句型讲解及习题一、句子成份英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。1、主语：、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：Country musicCountry music has become more and more popular.（名词）WeWe often speak English in class.（代词）One-thirdOne-thirdof the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swimTo swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）SmokingSmoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The richThe rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English testWhen we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）ItIt is necessaryto master a foreign languageto master a foreign language.（it 作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。1)简单谓语：We studystudy for the people.2)复合谓语：I can speakcan speak a littleEnglish.We are readingare reading books.He has gone has gone to Beijing.3、表语:它位于系动词(比如 be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。My sister is a nursea nurse.Is ityoursyours?（代词）The weather has turnedcoldcold.（形容词）The speech isexciting.exciting.（分词）Three times seven istwenty onetwenty one?（数词）His job isto teach Englishto teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）isplaying footballplaying football.（动名词）The ruler must be must bein your box.（介词短语）Time isupup.The class isoverover.（副词）The truth isthat he has never been abroadthat he has never been abroad.（表语从句）4、宾语:宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，We like EnglishEnglish.How many dictionaries do you have?I havefivefive.（数词）They helpedthe oldthe old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）It beganto rainto rain.（不定式短语）I enjoylistening to popular musiclistening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（thatthat）he is fit for his office.he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。He gave meme some inksome ink.有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：We make him him our monitoour monitor(班长).5、宾补:就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的 I see you crossing the streetHis father named himDavidDavid.（名词）They painted（涂漆）their boatwhitewhite.（形容词）Let the fresh（新鲜的）airinin.（副词）You mustnt force himto lend his money to you.to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw herentering the roomentering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order in good order.（介词短语）6、定语:在句中修饰名词或代词名词或代词的成分叫定语。He is a newa new student.但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后之后。The bike in the room/over there/in the room/over there/is mine.Guilin is abeautifulbeautiful city.（形容词）China is adevelopingdeveloping（发展中）（发展中）country;America is adevelopeddeveloped（发达）（发达）country.（分词）1There are thirty women women teachers is our school.（名词）HisHis progress（进步）in English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor（班长）is always the first to enter the classroom to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）He is reading an article(文章)about how to learn Englishabout how to learn English.（介词短语）7、状语:修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。He lives in Londonin London.Light travelsmost quicklymost quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the cityfor ten yearsfor ten years.（介词短语）He is sorryto trouble(to trouble(麻烦麻烦)you)you.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.making a model plane.（分词短语）OnceOnce（一旦（一旦0 you begin0 you begin,you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：状语种类如下：How about meeting againat sixat six?（时间状语）Last night she didnt go to the dance partybecause of the rainbecause of the rain.（原因状语）I shall go therei if it doesnt rainf it doesnt rain.（条件状语）Mr Smith liveson the third flooron the third floor.（地点状语）She put the eggs into the basketwith great carewith great care.（方式状语）She came inwith a dictionary in her handwith a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）In order to catch up with the othersIn order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.（目的状语）He was so tiredthat he fell asleep immediatelythat he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）She works very hardthough she is oldthough she is old.（让步状语）I am tallerthan he isthan he is.（比较状语）一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.The students got on the school bus.2.He handed me the newspaper.3.I shall answer your question after class.4.His job is to train swimmers.5.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.6.His wish is to become a scientist.7.He wants to finish the work in time.8.Tom came to ask me for advice（建议）.9.He found it important to master English.10.Do you have anything else to say?11.Would you please tell me your address?12.He sat there,reading a newspaper.13.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.14.He noticed（注意到）a man enter the room.15.The apples tasted sweet.简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：S 十 V 主谓结构主语 不及物动词S 十 V 十 P 主系表结构主语 连系动词表语S 十 V 十 O 主谓宾结构主语 及物动词 宾语S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 主谓双宾结构S 十 V 十 O 十 C 主谓宾补结构判断类型和句子成分：She came She likes English.She is happyThe teacher asked me to read the passage.She bought a book for me.2She gave John a book My head aches.She makes her mother angry The sun was shining.The moonrose.Theytalked for half an hour.他们谈了半个小时。The dinner smells good.午餐的气味很好。Everything looks different.一切看来都不同了。He is growing tall and strong.他长得又高又壮。His face turned red.他的脸红了。Whoknowsthe answer?谁知道答案？Heenjoys reading.他喜欢看书。Iwantto have a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。Heboughtyoua dictionary.Sheorderedherselfa new dress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。Shecookedher husbanda delicious meal.她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。Ishowedhimmy pictures.Igavemy cara wash.我洗了我的汽车。Heshowedmehow to run the machine.他教我开机器。What makes him think so?他怎么会这样想？The children are playing happily.The Greens enjoy living in China.He became a famous doctor.他成为了一名著名的医生。The apple pie tastes really delicious.苹果派吃起来真是好吃。基本句型一：基本句型一：S S 十十 V V 主谓结构主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词：appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,fall,happen,rise,如：学生们学习很努力。_基本句型二基本句型二:S S 十十 V V 十十 P P 主系表结构主系表结构常见的系动词有：be(是)；get(变得),become(成为),turn(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎)A.表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain,等等。1)We should _ _ any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。2)这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_.B.表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become,get,grow,turn,go,come,prove,等等。如：1)Spring comes.It is _.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。2)Dont have the food._.不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。基本句型三基本句型三:S:S 十十 V V 十十 O O 主谓宾结构主谓宾结构1)我昨天看了一部电影。_.2）They have _ _ _ of the children这些孩子他们照看得很好。基本句型四基本句型四:S:S 十十 V V 十间接宾语十间接宾语“人”十直接宾语十直接宾语“物”结构结构间接宾语前需要加 to 的常用动词有：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,read,sell,send,show,teach,tell wish,write等。间接宾语前需要加 for 的常用动词有：buy,choose,make,order,paint,play(演奏)，sing,等。1）Yesterday her father _ _ _ _ as a birthdaypresent.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。2)The old man _ _ _ _ _ in the Long March.(正在给孩子们讲故事)这种句型还可转换为：动词动词 直接宾语直接宾语 for/to sb.for/to sb.3)Please show me your picture.=Please _ _ _ _ _.3请把你的画给我看一下。4)I _ _ the salt.=I _the salt _ _.我把书递给他。基本句型五基本句型五:S S 十十 V V 十十 O O 十十 C C 主谓宾补结构主谓宾补结构此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语。call（叫）,choose（选）,find（发现）,make,name(命名)1）Keep _,please.请让孩子们安静下来。2）Theypainted _ _ _.他们把门漆成绿色。3)We must _ _ _ _.我们必须保持我们的学校洁。4)He askedme_ _ _ soon.他要我早点回来。5）我们发现他是一个懒惰的人。_.注意：动词 have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等后面接动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：6）The boss _ _ _ all day.(迫使他劳动)7)Wesaw _ _ _.(他出去)。考点突破训练考点突破训练1.I am sorry to have kept you_ A to wait B wait C waited D waiting2.I felt somebody _ me.A touch B touched C to touch D touches3.He taught me _ speak English.A how should B how C how can I D how to4.I shall make your dream _.A coming truly B come true C to come true D comes true5.He told _ home.A us not to go B we not go C us not go D us to not go6.I think _ a good habit to get up early.A this B it C that D its7.Roses in bloom smell _.A sweeten B sweetly C sweet D sweetness8.The weather _.A.wet and coldB.is wet and cold9.The apple tasted _.A.sweets B.sweetly C.nicely10.He got up _ yesterday morning.A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter11._ were all very tired,but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A.We,us B.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we12.I think _necessary（必要的）to learn English well.A.itsA.looks判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3.There is a chair in this room,isnt there?4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in theevening.5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7.Neither has he changed his mind,nor will he do so.4C.not wet and coldD.sweetD.were wet and coldB.it C.thatD.that isB.is lookedC.is being looked D.was looked13.The dog _ mad（疯的）.8.What he said at the meeting is very important,isnt it?9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.练习一练习一一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.The students got on the school bus.2.He handed me the newspaper.3.I shall answer your question after class.4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!5.They went hunting together early in the morning.6.His job is to train swimmers.7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8.There is going to be an American film tonight.9.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10.His wish is to become a scientist.11.He managed to finish the work in time.12.Tom came to ask me for advice.13.He found it important to master English.14.Do you have anything else to say?15.To be honest;your pronunciation is not so good.16.Would you please tell me your address?17.He sat there,reading a newspaper.18.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19.He noticed a man enter the room.20.The apples tasted sweet.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（）、谓语（）、宾语（）：I hope you are very well.Im fine,but tired.Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping myDad on the farm.August is the hottest month here.It is the time of year for the rice harvest,so every day Iwork from dawn until dark.Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lightsof our tractors.Wegrow rice in the south of the States,but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat.We have a lot ofmachines on the farm.Although the farm is large,my Dad has only two men working for him.But he5employs more men for the harvest.My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.It doesnt often rain inthe summer here.As a result,we have to water the vegetable garden.Every evening we pump water froma well.It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（）、状语（）、补语（）：Most Saturday evenings there is a party,even at harvest time.These parties often make us veryhappy.We cook meat on an open fire outside.Its great!Americans eat a lot of meat too much in myopinion.Some of my friends drink beer.I dont,because I have to drive home after the party.In yourletter you asked about the time in different areas of the States.There are five different time areas in theStates.In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time.How many different time areas do youhave in China?Well,I must stop and get some sleep.Please give my best regards to your parents.四、选择填空：()1._ will leave for Beijing.A.Now there the manB.The man here nowC.The man who is here nowD.The man is here now()2.The weather _.A.wet and coldB.is wet and cold()3.The apple tasted _.A.sweetsB.sweetly C.nicely()4.He got up _ yesterday morning.A.latelyB.late()5.The actor _at the age of 70.A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded()6._ were all very tired,but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,weC.latestD.latterD.sweetC.not wet and coldD.were wet and cold()7.He found the street much _.A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly()8.I think _necessary to learn English well.A.itsB.it C.thatD.that is()9.The dog _ mad.A.looksB.is looked C.is being lookedD.was looked()10.I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.6A.thatB.when C.in whichD.where练习二练习二一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3.There is a chair in this room,isnt there?4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in theevening.5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7.Neither has he changed his mind,nor will he do so.8.What he said at the meeting is very important,isnt it?9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：I hope you are very well（）.Im fine,but tired（）.Right now it is the summer）.It is thevacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm（）.August is the hottest month here（time of year for the rice harvest,so every day I work from dawn until dark.（on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（the north where it is colder they grow wheat（）Sometimes we go）.We grow rice in the south of the States,but in）.）.We have a lot of machines on the farm（Although the farm is large,my Dad has only two men working for him（men for the harvest（in the summer here（）.But he employs more）.It doesnt often rain）.Every evening）.My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（）.As a result,we have to water the vegetable garden（we pump water from a well（）.）.It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（Most Saturday evenings there is a party,even at harvest time（very happy（）.We cook meat on an open fire outside（）.These parties often make us）.Its great（）!Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion（）.Some of my friends drink beer（）.In your letter you asked about the）.）.I dont,because I have to drive home after the party（time in different areas of the States（）.There are five different time areas in the States（In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（7）.How many different time areas do youhave in China（your parents（练习一：）?Well,I must stop and get some sleep（）.）.Please give my best regards to一、1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语，主语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13、形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状语；16、宾语(间宾+直宾)；17、状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾补；20、表语四、15 CBDBB610 ACBAB练习二：一、1、简单句；2、复合句；3、简单句；4、简单句；5、并列句；6、复合句；7、并列句；8、复合句；9、简单句；10、简单句二、I hope you are very well（复合句）.Im fine,but tired（简单句）.Right now it is the summer vacationand Im helping my Dad on the farm（并列句）.August is the hottest month here（简单句）.It is the timeof year for the rice harvest,so every day I work from dawn until dark.（并列句）Sometimes we go onworking after dark by the lights of our tractors（简单句）.We grow rice in the south of the States,but inthe north where it is colder they grow wheat（并列复合句）.We have a lot of machines on the farm（简单句）.Although the farm is large,my Dad has only two men working for him（复合句）.But he employsmore men for the harvest（简单句）.My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（简单句）.It doesntoften rain in the summer here（简单句）.As a result,we have to water the vegetable garden（简单句）.Every evening we pump water from a well（简单句）.It then runs along channels to different parts of thegarden（简单句）.Most Saturday evenings there is a party,even at harvest time（简单句）.These parties often make usvery happy（简单句）.We cook meat on an open fire outside（简单句）.Its great（简 单 句）!Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion（简单句）.Some of my friends drink beer（简单句）.I dont,because I have to drive home after the party（复合句）.In your letter you asked about thetime in