欧洲文化入门试卷及答案.doc

《欧洲文化入门》
I. Choose the most appropriate one for the following blanks. (60 POINTS)
1. Two major elements in European culture are ____.
A. the Greek and Roman B. the Judaism and Christianity
C. the Greco-Roman D. A and B
抓住两条线索。一条是社会文化发展线索，那就是希腊和罗马文化历史。另一条则是精神宗教形成线索，即犹太教和基督教历史
2. ____ deals with the Trojan War (the Greek states led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy ).
A. The Odyssey B. The Iliad C. Prometheus Bound D. Persians
荷马史诗描述的正是希腊人与特洛伊人之间的战争（《以利亚特》和《奥得赛》）
3. The play Prometheus Bound was written by _____.
A. Aeschylus B. Aristophanes C. Euripides D. Sophocles
4. The best writer of comedy of the ancient Greece was ____ , who is Father of Comedy.
A. Euripides B. Aristophanes C. Sophocles D. Aeschylus
喜剧家：Aristophanes   Comedy writer
5. ____ was one of the earliest exponents 解释者of the atomic theory.
A. Home B. Heracleitue C. Democritus D. Socrates
Democritus Materialist, one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory
6, ____by Plato is a book about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets.
A. Dialogues B. The Apology C. The Republic D. Symposium讨论会
7. Dante called ____ " the master of those who know".
A, Aristotle B. Plato C. Socrates D. Archimedes
8. Euclid is even now well-known for his ____.
A. Elements B. Poetics C. Ethics D. Politics
Euclid a textbook of geometry Euclid---Elements
9. ____ has been a big subject for discussion among writers and artists.
A, Discus Thrower B, Venus de Milo C, Laocoon group D, Parthenon
10. Herodotus, Father of History, wrote about the war between ____ .
A. Athens and Sparta B. Athens and Syracuse
C. Athens and Persians D. Greeks and Persians
Herodotus  wrote about wars between Greeks and Persians  Father of history
11. It is _____ who was the founder of scientific mathematics.
A. Heracleitus B. Aristotle C. Socrates D. Pythagoras
Pythagoras All things were numbers founder of scientific mathematics
12.Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of ____ in 27 B. C.
Rome B. Augustus C. The Roman Empire D. Pax Romana
公元前27年，元老院授予屋大维“奥古斯都”和“大元帅”的尊称
13. The great epic史诗, The Aeneid, was written by _____.
A. Lucretius B. Virgil C. Julius Caesar D. Cicero
维吉尔 他是罗马文学中最重要的作家。代表作品是《阿尼德》。
14. The oldest and most important of the Old Testament of 39 books are the first five books, called ____.
A. Deuteronomy B. Exodus C. the Pentateuch D. Genesis
Hebrew人的历史口头传送记入the old Testament，旧约包含39本书最重要的前五本是Pentateuch最重要的前五本是《摩西五书》
15. In ____ the Jews were carried away into the Babylonian Captivity(巴比伦之囚).
A. 169 B. C. B. 586 B. C. C. 536 B. C. D, 721 B.C.
16. The most important and influential of English Bible is ____, first published in 1611.
A. The Septuagint B. The Vulgate C. Wycliff's version D. Authorized version
最重要的也是最具影响力的圣经译本是最初发表于1611年的官方版圣经或詹姆斯王圣经
17. ____ is the oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament.
A. The Septuagint B. The Vulgate C. Wycliff's version D. Authorized version
Greek Bible叫Septuagint
18. It is generally accepted that ____ and Shakespeare are two great reserviors of Modern English.
A. the Bible B. the English Bible C. the New Testament D. the Old Testament
英语圣经和莎士比亚的作品被成为现代英语的两大源头。
19. The Middle Ages is a period in which _____ , _____ and Gothic heritages merged.
A. Greco-Roman, Christianity B. classical, Christian
C. Greek, Roman D. classical, Hebrew
5-11世纪a period in which classical, Hebrew and Gothic heritage merged
20. The centre of medieval life under feudalism was _____.
A. knighthood B. the manor领地C. the Church D. polis
当时最基本的经济组织是封建庄园（manor）
21. In 1054, the Christian Church was divided into ____ and the Eastern Orthodox东正教的Church.
A. Christianity B. the Roman Church
C. the Roman Catholic天主教徒Church D. the Western Catholic
1054,教堂分裂为the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church
22. _____ by Aquinas forms an enormous system and sums up all the knowledge of medieval theology.
A. Summa Theologica B. Summa Contra Gentiles C. Opus maius D. Beowulf
St. Thomas Aquinas(Scholasticism)写了 Summa Theologica，这本书sums up all the knowledge of medieval theology神学
23. The Anglo-Saxon epic ____ originated from the collective effort of oral literature.
A. Song of Roland B. the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles历代记.
C. Beowulf D. the Divine超人的Comedy
出现了长篇的史诗（Epic）。日耳曼人的一支盎格鲁 萨克逊人的史诗《贝欧伍尔夫》是流传至今的早期英雄史诗最完整的一部
24. Generally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between ____.
A. the 13th and 15th centuries B. the 14th and mid-17th century
C. the 15th and 16th centuries D. the 14th and 16th centuries
14th and 17th Century Starting in Florence and Venice
25. ____ is the essence of the Renaissance.
The revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture
Attempts to get rid of conservatism
The flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture
Humanism
人文主义提出人是宇宙的中心，对“人”的肯定，成了资产阶级思想的核心。
26. Fracesco Petrarch, the author of ____, is known as Father of Humanism.
A. the Decameron B.Canzoniers C. David D. Sleeping Venus
彼特拉克被称为现代诗歌之父
27. After Reformation, _____ came into being.
A. Christianity B. Calvinism C. Lutheranism D. Protestantism
John Calvin 基督教教义 one of the most influential theological works Calvinism
28. Which was NOT true about Durer
A, The leader of the Renaissance in Germany B, A master of woodcut
C, Never being to Italy D, A follower of Martin Luther
版画家丢勒（Durer）的木雕
29. Father of modern astronomy is ____.
A. Da Vinci B. Amerigo Vespucci C. Nicolaus Copernicus D. Marchiavelli
Copernicus The father of modern astronomy 现代天文学之父
30. Vosari was best known for his entertaining biographies of _____.
A. Fabrica B. Prince C. the Divine Comedy D. Lives of the Artists
Vesalius marked the beginning of a new era in the study of anatomy (解剖学) founder of modern medicine
31. _____'s theories have given rise to important developments of modern science, ranging from Freudian psychology to Einsteinian physics.
Galileo Galilei B. Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz
C. Sir Isaac Newton D. Johannes Kepler
Leibniz Distinguishes three levels of understanding: self-conscious(自我意识)conscious(意识)unconscious/subconscious (潜意识)他和牛顿都是caculus的创始人
32. In the first _____ , Locke flatly rejected the theory of divine right of kings.
A. the Advancement of Learning B. the New Atlantis
C. Essay Concerning human Understanding D. Treatise of Civil Government
Locke 政治论 Materialist views (ideas derived from sensation or from reflection) Social Contract
33. Thomas Hobbes's _____ is one of the most celebrated political treatises in European literature.
A. Leviathan B. the Advancement of Learning
C. Essay Concerning human Understanding
D. Treatise of Civil Government
Hobbes 利维坦 Materialist (knowledge come from experience) Social Contract 英国 认为最好的统治方式是monarchy霍布士在他的著作《利维坦》中提出国家论与社会契约论，他的理论是极端的王党政治
34. The theme of _____ is the fall of men.
A. New Method B. Treatise of Civil Government
C. Essay Concerning human Understanding D. Paradise Lost
35. _____ was the best representative dramatist of French classical comedies.
A. Corneille B. Racine C. Molière D. Descartes
Moliere 达尔杜夫愤世嫉俗吝啬鬼 the best representative dramatist of French Classical comedies
36. Which of the following artists helped to gring the Roman Baroque style to its climax
A. Rubens B. Bernini C. Borromini D. Caravaggio
660年到1730年，巴洛克艺术中心转移到法国，其代表人物有画家卡拉瓦乔（0、委拉丝贵支、鲁本斯、伦布朗等，雕塑家贝尼尼、波罗米尼等
37. Whose doctrines of the separation of powers became one of the most important principles of the U.S.constitution ______
A. John Locke B. Rousseau C. Voltaire D. Montesquieu
洛克的学说受到了英国革命、美国革命中资产阶级的欢迎
38. In which of Diderot's works, the author developed his materialist philosophy and fore-shadowed the doctrine of evolutions as later proposed by Charles Darwin ______
A. Philosophical Thoughts B. Rameau's Nephew
C. Elements of Physiology D. Encyclopedie
这一时期法国哲学还有以狄德罗为代表的“百科全书派”。
39. _____ , novelist, is often called the founder of English domestic novel.
A. Walter Scott B. Henry Fielding
C. Samuel Johnson D. Samuel Richardson
Samuel Richardson The founder of English domestic novel
40. Which of the Lessing's works was a landmark in the 18th-century German drama _____
A. Minna Von Barnhelm B. Laocoon
C. Hamburgische Dramaturgie D. Nathan the Wise
他的主要作品有剧本《明娜 冯 巴尔赫姆》（Minna Von Barnharm）和《智者纳旦》（Nathan the Wise）
41. In _____ , Goethe draws on a immense variety of cultural material. It is not only his own masterpiece but the greatest work of German literature.
A. the Sorrow of Young Werther B. Faust
C. Wilhelm Meister's Travels D. Poetry and Truth
其作品有《少年维特的烦恼》、《威廉 迈斯特的学习时代》、《威廉 迈斯特的漫游时代》、《浮士德》。
42. Among Schiller's works, _____ was a play best known to the Chinese audience.
A. The Robbers B. Wallenstein C. Cabal and Love D. Wilhelm Tell
席勒的作品有《强盗》（The Robber）、《阴谋与爱情》（Cabal and Love）、《瓦伦斯坦》（Wallenstein）
43. Kant's years of his philosophical studies are crystalized in three difficult books; among them ,_____ was the most important single book by any modern pholosopher.
General History of Nature and Theory of the Heavens
Critique of Practical Reason C. Critiquue of Judgement D. Critique of Pure Reason
"Critique of Pure Reason"
44. It has been said that " the world had waited centuries for _____ and he was only to remain here a moment".
A. Beethoven B. Haydn C. Mozart D. Bach
45. Which of the following writers or poets is usually called the father of European historical novel ______.
A. Goethe B. Victor Hugo C. Daniel Defoe D. Walter Scott
瓦尔特 司格特在叙事文学方面做出了很大贡献，创始了欧洲历史小说。
46. In 1798, _______, a volume of poems by Wordsworth and Coleridge, made literary history.
A. Songs of Experience B. Lyrical Ballads抒情诗
C. Isles of Greece D. Ode to the West Wind
47. "Beauty is truth, truth beauty" is the ending of _______poem Ode on a Grecian Urm.
A.Keats B.Byron's C. Shelley's D. Scott's
48. ______ stood in the van of the Romantic movement in Russia, ______ is generally recognized as his masterpiece.
A. Lermontov, A Hero of Our Time B. Pushkin, Luslan and Liudmila
C. Pushkin, Boris Godunov D. Pushkin, Eugene Onegin
Pushkin: 俄国浪漫主义先锋(van) a Byronic character his masterpiece is 创造了俄国文学中的第一个“多余的人“的典型
49. The publication of Mickiewicz's _____ is uaually taken as the beginning of Romanticism in Polish literature.
A. Sonnets from the Crimea B. Konrad Wallenrod
C. Ballads and Ramances D. Pan Tadeusz
50. Beethoven's _____ is a choral symphony, choosing as a text for the finale Shiller's Ode to Joy.
A. Symphony No. 3 B. Symphony No. 5 C. Symphony No. 6 D. Symphony No. 9
51. "---------" is the most important work by Marx about Marxist.
A. Thesis on Feuerbach B. The Manifesto of the Communist Party
C. The German Ideology D.Capital
52. Based on _____ , Marx and Engels developed their own dialectical materialism.
Dialectical materialism B. theory of revolution
Means of intercourse D. destructive force
53. Darwin learned from------- that in the struggle for existence, only the strongest survived.
A Malthus B Lamarck C Lyell D. Huxley
54. In art and literature the term------is used to identify a literary movement in Europe and the United States in the last half of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th century.
A. realism B. romanticism C. classicism D. naturalism
现实主义Realismarise in the 50s of the 19th century and had its origin in France
55. Zola defined the theory of _____ and illustrated it in his great work entitled _____.
A naturalism, Les Rougen-Macquarts B. naturalism, Madame Bovary
C. realism, the Human Comedy D. realism, the Charterhouse of Parma
自然主义文学的代表人物是左拉。他的长篇小说集《鲁贡－马卡尔家族史》（Les Rouge – Macquarts）
56.Balzac is particularly celebrated for his monumental
A. Armance B. Le Rough et le Noir
C. The Charterhouse of Parma D. The Human Comedy
巴尔扎克是法国批判现实主义的中流砥柱。他在《人间喜剧》中
57. _____ was the first Russian author to gain recognition in the West.
A. Gogol B. Turgenev C. Dostoyevsky D. Tolstoy
Turgenev屠格涅夫 the first Russian author to gain recognition in the West
58.Charles Dickens' _____, one of his best book, is a kind of autobiographical romance.
A. Black House B. Pickwick Papers
C.A Tale of the Two Cities D.DavidCopperfield
59. _____ won the Nobel prize for literature in 1947.
A. Andre Gide B.Thomas Mann
C.G.Stein D.Sigmund Freud
60. _____was a leading figure in the imagist movement.
A.T.S Eliot B. Robert Frost C.W.B. Yeats D. Ezra Pound
Pound a leading figure of the Imagist movement American poet

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