新概念第三册第一课笔记.doc

3.1 Lesson 1 A puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮【Text】课文Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate,for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw a large cat only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of cat-like noises at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside 二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语puma n. 美洲狮 spot v. 看出，发现evidence n. 证 accumulate v. 积累，积聚 oblige v. 使感到必须 hunt n. 追猎；寻找blackberry n. 黑莓 human being 人类 corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境 trail n. 一串，一系列 print n. 印痕 cling (clung, clung ) v. 粘convince v.使信服 somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因 disturb v. 令人不安 学spot v. 看出，发现 = see, pickout, recognize, catch sightof eg: A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd. He has good eye for spotting mistakes. 他有敏锐的识别错误的能力 spot(做动词时候) = see:强调结果、辨别出、看见、识别、发现。 find 强调发现的结果。 find out 查出事实真相。 discover 做出重大发现 notice 注意到 observe 观察 watch 观察活动中的人或画面 2）spot n. 斑点 eg: There is a white spot on the shirt. 1).on the spot 立刻，马上（at once, immediately ） Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot. 2)at the place of the action 在现场 Wherever she is needed , she is quickly on the spot. evidence n. 证据(不可数名词) When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence. Evident adj.明显的, 显然的 / evidently adv.明显地, 显然evidence=proof in evidence:显而易见的. He was in evidence at the party.accumulate vt,vi. 积累，积聚（强调积累的过程） gather vt. 聚集，把某人召集在某处 collect 收集，采集 assemble 集合，集会， vt. 装配 hoard 大量地贮存 The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter. hoard up= store up amass 积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）oblige v. 使感到必须 feel obliged to do sth.感觉有必要做某事 be obliged to do sth 被迫做某事 hunt n. 追猎；寻找 （huntfor）- The experts from London zoo began to hunt (v.) for a puma.- The hunt (n.) for the puma proved the difficult. （prove vt.证明, 证实）search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物- The police were searching the forest for the missing boy.runafter 强调追赶, 追求 - look, a dog is running after a cat- what are you run after in your lifeseek = pursue v.追寻(理想) chase v.追赶 （- They are chasing a thief / They are running after a thief）run after 强调追赶、追求. seek 追寻（梦想，理想） = pursue chase 追赶. hunt for search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物 corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境作为动词, 经常使用被动语态The corner of the street in the corner of the room on the corner of the desk be cornered 被逼得走投无路 The thief was cornered at last. The problem cornered me.这个问题把我难例了。 trail n. 一串，一系列 trail=follow vt. 跟踪 eg: The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding. cling (clung, clung ) v. 粘 eg: She is always clinging to her mother. He clung to the hope that he would succeed.(抱有，怀有) stick 粘住 （- stick the envelop） stick to 坚持 stick to the plan / stick to ones promise sticky adj. 粘的 (sticky fingers）convince vt. 使信服 convince sb. of sth 使sb相信sth 和宾语从句that 搭配使用 eg:I convince him of my honesty.（n.诚实, 正直） 我使他相信我的诚实。没有宾语的情况下要采用主系表结构：be convinced sb be convicned sb相信 eg:I am convinced that she is honest girl.（adj.诚实的, 正直的）somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因 =by some means, in some way, for some reason unknown somewhat =a little eg:Ill get the book back somehow. 无论如何我要把这本书取回来。disturb v. 令人不安 disturbing adj. 令人不安的 disturbed 感到不安的 surprising 令人吃惊的 surprised 感到吃惊的 exciting 令人激动的 excited 感到激动的 三、【课文精析】 at large1：逃遁的，没有被控制的。eg: The thief is still at large2：详细的(in detail)细节，详情 eg: I need talk to you at large 3：总体来讲（as a whole） eg:The students at large are hungry for English. （hungry adj.饥饿的, 渴望的）1.Pumasarelarge,cat-likeanimalswhicharefoundinAmerica.在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果（和中文不同）英文擅长用长句，中文擅长用短句。Eg:Pandas are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia. cat-like 猫一样的, 偷偷摸摸的 / dog-like 狗一样的 / life-like: 栩栩如生的2.WhenreportscameintoLondonZoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously.takesth seriously = dealwithsth seriously 认真地对待某事take sth. lightly: 草率对待某事（lightly adv.轻率地）- I always take your suggestions seriously.- Dont take the hot potato lightly （hot potato n.棘手的问题(An idea)come to sb.某人突然想到了Anideacametoherthatshemightdotheexperimentinanotherway. 一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前1 定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰- 定语从句的引导词：指人：主语 who; 宾语 who/whom; 定语 whose时间状语：when; 地点状语：where; 原因状语： why 定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰.把某物留在后面 Wherever he went, the wound soldier left behind him a trail of blood.伤员所到之处，都留下道道血迹。定语从句中没有what这个关系词，但what可以引导同位语从句同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容 定语从句的引导词： 表达事物：that(也可指人)/ which 同位语从句：名词做主语、宾语时，关系词用that 而不是which 时间 when; 地点 where eg: An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way. I have no idea what has happened to him. 定语从句中没有what 这个关系词，但它可以引导同位语从句 3.However,astheevidencebegantoaccumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate forthedescriptionsgivenbypeoplewhoclaimedtohaveseenthepumawereextraordinarilysimilar.As 连词：随着, 当.之时过去分词做定语- the descriptions given by people- the story told by the sailor (n.海员, 水手, 船员)- a book written by Luxun claim to have done sth：声称曾经作过某事4.Thehuntforthepumabeganinasmallvillagewhereawomanpickingblackberriessawalargecatonlyfiveyardsawayfromher.Where a woman picking 定语从句- IstillremembertheschoolwhereIstudiedEnglish5.Itimmediatelyranawaywhenshesawit,andexpertsconfirmedthatapumawillnotattackahumanbeingunlessitiscornered.Confirm = besure = becertain (confirm vt.确定) Unless it is cornered = if it is not cornered (unless conj.如果不, 除非)- He will accept the job unless the salary is too low.6.Whereveritwent,itleftbehinditatrailofdeaddeerandsmallanimalslikerabbits.把某物留在后面：leavebehind- Wherever he went, the wound left behind him a trail of blood.（n.血）7.Pawprintswereseeninanumberofplacesandpumafurwasfoundclingingtobushes.英文表达方式习惯用被动语态, 突出客观事实。而中文则善于运用动作的执行者。pumafurwasfoundclingingtobushes. （被动） We found the puma fur clinging to bushes. （主动）- clinging to bushes是现在分词短语做宾补8.Severalpeoplecomplainedofcat-plainof/aboutsth 抱怨某事on+名词：强调动作正在进行- ontherise 在上升 / ontheincrease 在增加- onthewatch 在观看 / onthematch 在比赛中- onthefishingtrip 在钓鱼的途中 / onholiday 在度假9.Theexpertswerenowfullyconvincedthattheanimalwasapuma,butwherehaditcomefrom?Fully（adv.充分地, 完全地）= completely = entirely 1o.Asnopumashadbeenreportedmissingfromanyzoointhecountry,thisonemusthavebeeninthepossessionofaprivatecollectorandsomehowmanagedtoescape.sth be inthepossessionofsb = sth be insbspossession 某物归某人所有(主语是物)- Thebeautifulcarisinmypossession.= The beautiful car is inthepossessionofme.Sb be inpossessionofsth 某人拥有某物(主语是人)- Iaminpossessionofthebeautifulcar.（in possession of 做表语）- Thepersoninpossessionofthebighouseisexcited. （in possession of 做定语）takepossessionof 拥有11.Thehuntwentonforseveralweeks,butthepumawasnotcaught.Went on = lasted （last vi.继续, 持续）12.Itisdisturbingtothinkthatadangerouswildanimalisstillatlargeinthequietcountryside.Itisdisturbingtothinkthat. 一想到就心理不安- Itisdisturbingtothinkthat I fail my examinationinthequietcountryside 在宁静的山村