电气工程专业外教语学.pptx

英译中中译英词汇ApplicationBreaker pole position discordance can occur on the operation of a breaker with independent operating gears for the three poles.The reason may be an interruption in the closing or trip coil circuit,or a mechanical failure resulting in a stuck(卡住的，不能动的)breaker pole.A pole discordance can be tolerated for a limited time,for instance during a single-phase trip-reclose cycle.The pole discordance function detects a breaker pole discordancy not generated by auto-reclose cycle and issues a trip signal for the circuit breaker.1.Pole discordance protection(PD)三相不一致保护（PD）应用应用在操作有三相独立操作机构的断路器时，可能会发生断路器位置不一致的情况，可能是由于跳闸线圈回路断线，或是由于机械原因使断路器某一极被卡住。三相不一致可以容许在有限的时间内，例如在单相跳合闸周期内。三相不一致功能检测自动重合闸周期之外产生的断路器三相不一致，并向断路器发出跳闸信号。FunctionalityThe operation of the pole discordance logic,PD,it based on checking the position of the breaker auxiliary contacts.Three parallel normally open contacts in series with three normally closed contacts in parallel of the respective breaker poles form a condition of pole discordance,connected to a binary dedicated for the purpose.In addition,there is an automatic detection criterion based on comparison of currents in the breaker poles.This function is enabled for just a few seconds after close or trip commands to the breaker in order to avoid unwanted operation in unsymmetrical load conditions.1.Pole discordance protection(PD)三相不一致保护（PD）功能特性功能特性三相不一致逻辑PD动作基于检查断路器的辅接点位置，由断路器每相的三个常开并辅接点与三个常闭并辅接点串联构成三相不一致检查条件，然后与专用的开关量输入回路相连。另外，有一个自动检测断路器电流的电路，该功能在合闸或跳闸几秒钟后投入，以避免不对称负荷时造成非预期的操作。2.Breaker failure protectionApplicationIn many protection applications local redundancy(In many protection applications local redundancy(冗冗余余)is used.One part of the fault clearance system is)is used.One part of the fault clearance system is however never duplicated,namely the circuit breaker.however never duplicated,namely the circuit breaker.Therefore a breaker failure protection can be used.Therefore a breaker failure protection can be used.The breaker failure protection is initiated by trip signals The breaker failure protection is initiated by trip signals from different protection functions within or outside the from different protection functions within or outside the protection terminal.When a trip signal is sent to the protection terminal.When a trip signal is sent to the breaker failure protection fist,with no or a very short breaker failure protection fist,with no or a very short delay,a re-trip signal can be sent to the protected delay,a re-trip signal can be sent to the protected breaker.If fault current is flowing through the breaker breaker.If fault current is flowing through the breaker still after a setting time a back-up trip signal is sent to still after a setting time a back-up trip signal is sent to the adjacent breakers.This will ensure fault clearance the adjacent breakers.This will ensure fault clearance also if the circuit breaker is out of order.also if the circuit breaker is out of order.断路器失灵保护（BFP）应用应用应用应用在有多个保护时，采用就地冗余，但是却有一部在有多个保护时，采用就地冗余，但是却有一部分故障消除系统从不双重化，即断路器，因此要分故障消除系统从不双重化，即断路器，因此要使用断路器失灵保护。使用断路器失灵保护。断路器失灵保护由保护终端内外不同保护功能的断路器失灵保护由保护终端内外不同保护功能的跳闸信号起动。当跳闸信号送到断路器失灵保护跳闸信号起动。当跳闸信号送到断路器失灵保护时，先不经延时或经很短的延时向保护断路器发时，先不经延时或经很短的延时向保护断路器发重跳信号。如果经一整定时间后断路器仍流过故重跳信号。如果经一整定时间后断路器仍流过故障电流，则向相邻的断路器发一个后备跳闸信号，障电流，则向相邻的断路器发一个后备跳闸信号，这样即使断路器故障时也能保证清除故障。这样即使断路器故障时也能保证清除故障。2.Breaker failure protectionDesignThe breaker failure protection function is initiated by The breaker failure protection function is initiated by the trip commands from protection functions placed the trip commands from protection functions placed either inside the same terminal or externally,by either inside the same terminal or externally,by connection to appropriate binary inputs.A dedicated connection to appropriate binary inputs.A dedicated input is available for general starting.input is available for general starting.Three separate functional inputs are also available for Three separate functional inputs are also available for single-phase starting.single-phase starting.The operate value of the phase segregated current The operate value of the phase segregated current measuring elements is settable within a wide range.measuring elements is settable within a wide range.Three independent timers t2 are available for phase Three independent timers t2 are available for phase segregated breaker failure detection.segregated breaker failure detection.断路器失灵保护（BFP）设计设计断路器失灵保护功能由同一终端内的保护装置或通过适当的开关量输入装置的外部保护装置的跳闸命令起动。可以有三个独立的功能输入用于单相起动，也有一个专门的输入用于三相起动。分相电流测量元件的动作值可以在很宽的范围内设定，对分相断路器失灵检测，可以有三个独立的定时器t2。2.Breaker failure protectionAn additional timer t1 for retrip command is An additional timer t1 for retrip command is available.Dedicated setting allows to enable or available.Dedicated setting allows to enable or disable the retrip or to perform it by current disable the retrip or to perform it by current check or not.Retrip to the faulty circuit breaker check or not.Retrip to the faulty circuit breaker can be issued single phase or three phases.can be issued single phase or three phases.Special adaptive algorithm(ASD),together with Special adaptive algorithm(ASD),together with RMS measurement,allow a fast resetting time of RMS measurement,allow a fast resetting time of the current measuring elements.The current the current measuring elements.The current measurement is stabilized against transients measurement is stabilized against transients which can cause unwanted operation with which can cause unwanted operation with saturated current transformers.saturated current transformers.断路器失灵保护（BFP）重跳命令需要带一个附加的延时重跳命令需要带一个附加的延时t1t1。有一个专用。有一个专用的整定值用于开放或不开放重跳闸，或确定进行的整定值用于开放或不开放重跳闸，或确定进行重跳或者是否将经过电流检测。重跳故障断路器重跳或者是否将经过电流检测。重跳故障断路器可以发单相跳令或三相跳令。可以发单相跳令或三相跳令。特殊的自适应算法（特殊的自适应算法（ASD-ASD-）同）同RMSRMS有效值测量一有效值测量一道使用，可快速复归电流测量元件的时间，电流道使用，可快速复归电流测量元件的时间，电流测量元件可对由于电流互感器饱和可能会引起误测量元件可对由于电流互感器饱和可能会引起误动作的暂态过程进行制动。动作的暂态过程进行制动。3.Distance protection(ZM)ApplicationApplicationThe ZM distance protection function provides fast and The ZM distance protection function provides fast and reliable protection for overhead lines and power cables reliable protection for overhead lines and power cables in all kinds of power networks.For each independent in all kinds of power networks.For each independent distance protection zone,full scheme design provides distance protection zone,full scheme design provides continuous measurement of impedance separately in continuous measurement of impedance separately in three independent phase-to-phase measuring loops as three independent phase-to-phase measuring loops as well as in three independent phase-to-earth measuring well as in three independent phase-to-earth measuring loops.loops.Phase-to-phase distance protection is suitable as a basic Phase-to-phase distance protection is suitable as a basic protection function against two-and three-phases faults protection function against two-and three-phases faults in all kinds of networks,regardless of the treatment of in all kinds of networks,regardless of the treatment of the neutral point.Independent setting of the reach in the the neutral point.Independent setting of the reach in the reactive and the resistive direction for each zone reactive and the resistive direction for each zone separately,makes it possible to create fast and selective separately,makes it possible to create fast and selective short circuit protection in power systems.short circuit protection in power systems.距离保护（ZM）ZMZM距离保护功能对各种电网中的架空线路及电力距离保护功能对各种电网中的架空线路及电力电缆提供快速、可靠的保护。对每一独立的距离电缆提供快速、可靠的保护。对每一独立的距离段，全方案设计对三个独立的相段，全方案设计对三个独立的相相测量回路及相测量回路及3 3个独立的相个独立的相地测量回路分别提供连续测量。地测量回路分别提供连续测量。相相相距离保护适于不考虑中性点处理方式的名相距离保护适于不考虑中性点处理方式的名种电网中，作为两相故障、三相故障的基本保护种电网中，作为两相故障、三相故障的基本保护功能。对每一段分别在电抗、电阻方向上的独立功能。对每一段分别在电抗、电阻方向上的独立整定使其作为电力系统中快速、有选择性的短路整定使其作为电力系统中快速、有选择性的短路保护。保护。3.Distance protection(ZM)Phase-to-earth distance protection serves as basic Phase-to-earth distance protection serves as basic earth fault protection in networks with directly or low earth fault protection in networks with directly or low impedance earthed networks.Together with an impedance earthed networks.Together with an independent phase preference logic,it also serves as independent phase preference logic,it also serves as selective protection function at cross-country faults in selective protection function at cross-country faults in isolated or resonantly earthed networks.isolated or resonantly earthed networks.Independent reactive reach setting for phase-to-Independent reactive reach setting for phase-to-phase and for phase-to-earth measurement secures phase and for phase-to-earth measurement secures high selectivity in networks with different protective high selectivity in networks with different protective relays used for short circuit and earth-fault protection.relays used for short circuit and earth-fault protection.距离保护（ZM）相地距离保护在直接接地或低阻抗接地网络中可作为基本的接地保护功能，加上一个独立的选相逻辑，也可作为隔离接地或谐振接地网络中跨区域故障的选择性保护功能。在用不同保护继电器对短路及接地故障进行保护的电网中，相间及相地测量有独立的电抗设定范围，以保证距离保护有较高的选择性。3.Distance protection(ZM)The distance protection zones can operate,The distance protection zones can operate,independently of each other,in directional(forward or independently of each other,in directional(forward or reverse)or non-directional mode.This makes it suitable,reverse)or non-directional mode.This makes it suitable,together with different communication schemes,for the together with different communication schemes,for the protection of power lines and cables in complex network protection of power lines and cables in complex network configurations,such as double-circuit,parallel lines,configurations,such as double-circuit,parallel lines,multiterminal lines,etc.Zone 1,2and 3 can issue phase multiterminal lines,etc.Zone 1,2and 3 can issue phase selective signals,such as start and trip.selective signals,such as start and trip.Basic distance protection function is generally suitable Basic distance protection function is generally suitable for use in non-compensated networks.A special addition for use in non-compensated networks.A special addition to the basic functions is available optionally for use on to the basic functions is available optionally for use on series compensated and adjacent lines where voltage series compensated and adjacent lines where voltage reversals might disturb the correct directional reversals might disturb the correct directional discrimination of a basic distance protection.discrimination of a basic distance protection.距离保护（ZM）距离保护段可以带方向模式（正方向或反方向）距离保护段可以带方向模式（正方向或反方向）或不带方向模式，彼此独立地动作，对复杂网络或不带方向模式，彼此独立地动作，对复杂网络结构的电力线路、电缆线路的保护，如双回线、结构的电力线路、电缆线路的保护，如双回线、平行线、多端线等，这种特性与不同的通信方案平行线、多端线等，这种特性与不同的通信方案组合在一起使其适宜上述情形。组合在一起使其适宜上述情形。1 1段、段、2 2段、段、3 3段可段可以发选相信号，如起动、跳闸信号。以发选相信号，如起动、跳闸信号。基本距离保护功能通常适用于用在非补偿网络中。基本距离保护功能通常适用于用在非补偿网络中。也可有一个可选的特殊附加功能，当电压反向使也可有一个可选的特殊附加功能，当电压反向使基本距离保护功能不能正确区分串补线路及串补基本距离保护功能不能正确区分串补线路及串补相邻线路的方向时，作为补充功能。相邻线路的方向时，作为补充功能。4.Phase selection logic(PHS)ApplicationThe PHS is an independent measuring function.It comprises both impedance and current-based measurement criteria.Its main purpose is to augment the phase selectivity of the complete distance protection in networks with long and heavily loaded lines.It is generally intended for use in directly earthed networks,where correct and reliable phase selection for single-phase faults,combined with single-pole tripping and automatic reclosing,secures the stability of complete power systems.选相逻辑（PHS）PHS选相逻辑功能为一独立的测量功能，它由阻抗测量判别与电流测量判别组成。主要用于加强长线路重负荷线路网络中整个距离保护的选相性能，常用于直接接地的网络中。在这样的网络中，单相接地故障的正确可靠选相，与单相跳闸、自动重合闸组合在一起保证整个系统的稳定。4.Phase selection logic(PHS)The independent measurement of impedance in all fault loops secures a high degree of phase selectivity in complex networks.This independent phase selection,combined with directional measurement for each fault loop,also secures selective operation for simultaneous close-in faults on parallel circuits.Independent reactive reach settings for phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth measurement secures high selectivity in networks with different protective relays used for short-circuit and earth-fault protection.选相逻辑（PHS）六个故障回路的独立阻抗测量保证对复杂网络有高度的选相特性。独立的选相与每个故障回路的方向测量组合在一起，也确保平行线近端同时故障有选择性地动作。对相相、相地测量，独立的电抗范围整定也保证用作网络中短路故障、接地故障的不同保护继电器有高度的选相特性。Autorecloser(AR)The majority of power line faults are transient in nature,i.e.they do not The majority of power line faults are transient in nature,i.e.they do not recur when the line is re-energized following disconnection.The main recur when the line is re-energized following disconnection.The main purpose of the AR automatic reclosing function is to automatically return purpose of the AR automatic reclosing function is to automatically return power lines to service following their disconnection for fault conditions.power lines to service following their disconnection for fault conditions.To meet the different single,double or 1 and circuit breaker To meet the different single,double or 1 and circuit breaker arrangements,one,two,three,or six identical AR function blocks may be arrangements,one,two,three,or six identical AR function blocks may be provided within a single terminal.The actual number of these function provided within a single terminal.The actual number of these function blocks that may be included within any given terminal depends on the type blocks that may be included within any given terminal depends on the type of terminal.Therefore,the specific circuit breaker arrangements that can be of terminal.Therefore,the specific circuit breaker arrangements that can be catered for,or the number of bays of a specific arrangement that can be catered for,or the number of bays of a specific arrangement that can be catered for,depends on the type of terminal.catered for,depends on the type of terminal.Especially at higher voltages,the majority of line faults are single-phase-to-Especially at higher voltages,the majority of line faults are single-phase-to-earth.Faults involving all three phases are rare.The main purpose of the earth.Faults involving all three phases are rare.The main purpose of the single-and two-pole automatic reclosing function,operating in conjunction single-and two-pole automatic reclosing function,operating in conjunction with a single-and two-pole tripping capability,is to limit the effect to the with a single-and two-pole tripping capability,is to limit the effect to the system of faults involving less than all three phases.This is particularly system of faults involving less than all three phases.This is particularly valuable for maintaining system stability in system stability in systems with valuable for maintaining system stability in system stability in systems with limited meshing or parallel routing.limited meshing or parallel routing.自动重合闸（AR）大多数线路故障本身都是瞬时性的，即当线路被断开后重大多数线路故障本身都是瞬时性的，即当线路被断开后重新加电时，故障不会重发。自动重合闸功能新加电时，故障不会重发。自动重合闸功能ARAR的主要用的主要用途是在线路发生故障跳闸断开后使电力线路自动恢复运行。途是在线路发生故障跳闸断开后使电力线路自动恢复运行。为满足单母线、双母线，为满足单母线、双母线，3/23/2断路器接线方式，在一个保断路器接线方式，在一个保护终端内可以有一个、两个、三个或六个相同的护终端内可以有一个、两个、三个或六个相同的ARAR功能功能块。某一终端内实际块。某一终端内实际ARAR功能块数量与终端的类型有关。功能块数量与终