英语句子五大基本结构.pptx

句子成分与结构句子成分与结构英语的词性：名词名词(nouns)n.代词代词(pronoun)pron.实词实词 数词数词(numeral)num.形容词形容词(adjective)adj.或或a.副词副词(adverb)adv.动词动词(verb)v 冠词冠词(article)art虚词虚词 介词介词(preposition)prep.连词连词(conjunction)conj.助词助词(auxiliary)aux.作文题目中，实词都大写，虚词要小写作文题目中，实词都大写，虚词要小写一一.英语句子的基本成分有英语句子的基本成分有8种：种：主语主语 (subject)-s谓语谓语 (predicate)-v宾语宾语 (object)-o定语定语 (attribute)-attrib状语状语 (adverbial)-adv补语补语 (complement)-c表语表语 (predicative)-p同位语同位语(Appositive)句子成分句子成分 主语主语:行为主体，句子描述的主体行为主体，句子描述的主体 谓语谓语:主语发出的动作主语发出的动作 宾语宾语:动作的承受者动作的承受者 定语定语:用来修饰名词、代词用来修饰名词、代词 状语状语:时间、地点、原因等时间、地点、原因等表语表语:表示主语表示主语“是什么是什么”“怎么样怎么样”ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语英语句子的类型英语句子的类型简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句只有一个主谓结构只有一个主谓结构有两个或两个以上主谓结构有两个或两个以上主谓结构一个主句加一个或几个从句一个主句加一个或几个从句简单句基本句型简单句基本句型谓语动词决定了一个句子的骨架结构谓语动词决定了一个句子的骨架结构启示启示:(1）分析复杂句时，先找谓语。）分析复杂句时，先找谓语。（2）写句子时，要知道谓语动词的）写句子时，要知道谓语动词的用法特点用法特点二二.五种简单基本句型五种简单基本句型主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语动词动词系动词系动词不及物动词不及物动词及物动词及物动词主语主语+系系+表语表语主语主语+谓语谓语系动词：系动词：1)be，seem，appear2)look，sound，taste，smell，feel 3)get，turn，become，4)stay，remain，keep，continue感官类感官类变化类维持类主主+系系+表表1)My uncle is a professor.2)He looked tired.3)The basketball match is on.4)Our aim was to win more medals.5)His work is teaching French.主主+谓：谓：S+V 谓语动词特特点：谓语动词特特点：不及物动词不及物动词（本身意思完整，后面（本身意思完整，后面不需要宾语）不需要宾语）1.The sun rises.（rise-rose-risen 是是vi，不，不能带能带O.）2.We listened carefully.3.The red sun rises in the east.You should study hard.2.She went home very late yesterday evening.3.The meeting will last two hours.4.Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语（S.+V.+O.）该句型的谓语动词必须是该句型的谓语动词必须是vt或或vt的的动词词组；动词词组；宾语必须是宾语必须是名名词词或或相当于名词的成分。相当于名词的成分。注意：带注意：带 to do 做宾语的动词有：做宾语的动词有：offer,learn,plan,ask,promise,help，decide,refuse,manage,hope,want,seem,expect,hope,offer,agree,refuse,learn,help,plan注意：带注意：带 V-ing 做宾语的动词有：做宾语的动词有：suggest，stop，enjoy，imagine，finish，practise,keep，mind，avoid，succeed in，be busy，be worth，give up，look forward to I wrote a letter last night.I want to talk with you this afternoon.He has read this book many times.They have carried out the plan successfully.主语主语+谓语谓语+双宾语双宾语 （S.+V.+O.+O.）请观察：请观察：1）Hebringsmecookieseveryday.2）Hebringscookies tomeeveryday.即要借助于介词即要借助于介词to或或for常跟双宾语的动词有常跟双宾语的动词有：（需需借借助助to的的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,等。等。（需需借借助助for的的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare,等等。主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补S+Vt.+O+O.C 宾语与宾语补足语宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系有逻辑的主谓关系，宾补是补充说明宾语的。可以用做宾宾补是补充说明宾语的。可以用做宾补的有：补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词短语，动词不定式，分词等。等。用用 it it 做做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主主语语+谓语谓语+it+it+宾补宾补+真正宾语真正宾语。如：。如：I found I found it it very pleasant very pleasant to be with your to be with your familyfamily.根据所学知识，分析句子结构1.Theyworkhard.主主 +谓谓2.Theflowerisdead.主主 +系系 +表表3.Plantsneedwater.主主 +谓谓 +宾宾4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.主主 +谓谓 +直宾直宾 +间宾间宾5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.主主 +谓谓 +宾宾 +宾补宾补6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.主主 +谓谓7.Hekeptmeadictionary.主主+谓谓+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语8.ShallIleaveyouthecamera?主主+谓谓+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语9.Wefindthebookveryinteresting.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补10.Myuncleboughtmeane-dictionary.主主+谓谓+间接宾语间接宾语+直宾直宾11.Singingmakesmehappy.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补12.DamingcallshiscatMimi.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补13.Youmustlistentoher.主主+谓谓+宾宾14.Heisascientist.主主+系系+表表复合句主要包含以下类型从句，包括复合句主要包含以下类型从句，包括名词性从句名词性从句（主语从（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）；句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）；定语从句和状定语从句和状语从句语从句等。等。：1.主语从句主语从句2.宾语从句宾语从句3.表语从句表语从句6.同位语从句同位语从句4.定语从句定语从句5.状语从句状语从句EXERCISES 判断句型1.Having finished his homework,the boy went on to help his mother.2.What he says doesnt suit what he does.(简单句简单句划线部分在句中作状语，修饰划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子整个句子)(复合句复合句包含两个名词性从句：包含两个名词性从句：What he says 是一个主语从句；是一个主语从句；what he does 是一个宾语是一个宾语从句从句)3.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.4.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.5.There is a chair in this room,isnt there?简单句简单句复合句复合句简单句简单句9.Neither has he changed his mind,nor will he do so.10.What he said at the meeting is very important,isnt it?11.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.12.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.并列句并列句 复合句复合句 简单句简单句简单句简单句