虚拟语气练习题.doc

1. If I _ where he lived， I _ a note to him. A. knew， would B. had known， would have sent C. know， would send D. knew， would have sent 2. If they _ earlier than expected， they _ here now. A. had started， would be B. started， might be C. had started， would have been D. will start， might have been 3. I didnt know his telephone number. _ it， I _ then. A. Had I known， would ring him up B. Should I know， would have rung him up C. If I knew； would ring him up D. Had I known； would have rung him up 4. Mary is ill today. If she _， she _ absent from school. A. were not ill， wouldnt be B. had been ill， wouldnt have been C. had been ill， should have been D. hadnt been ill， could be 5. Were I to do it， I _ it some other way. A. will do B. would do C. would have done D. were to do 6. I _ him the answer _ possible， but I was so busy then. A. could tell， if it had been B. must have told， were it C. should have told， had it been D. should have told， should it be 7. Without your help， we_ so much. A. wont achieve B. didnt achieve C. dont achieve D. wouldnt have achieved 8. You didnt take his advice. _ his advice， you _ such a mistake. A. Had you taken， wouldnt have made B. If you had taken， would make C. Were you lo take， shouldnt have made D. Have you taken， wont have made 9. We wish we _ what you did when we were at high school. A. did B. could have done C. have done D. should do 10. She wishes she _ to the theatre last night. A. went B. would go C. had gone D. were going 11. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he _ be tall when he grows up. A. could B. should C. would D. were able to 12. My sister advised me that I _ accept the invitation. A. could B. must C. should D. might 13. He asks that he _ an opportunity to explain why hes refused to go there. A. is given B. must give C. should give D. be given 14. Do you think of Wang Fangs suggestion that he _ Mr. Li to the party？ A. will invite B. have invited C. is invited D. invite 15. I insisted that he _ at once. A. be gone B. go C. would go D. might go 16. Li Ming insisted that he _ anything at all. A. hadnt stolen B. shouldnt steal C. doesnt steal D. steal 17. It is quite natural that my coming late again _ them very angry. A. had made B. would make C. makes D. make 18. He acted as if he _ everything in the world. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. wont know 19. Read it aloud so that I _ you clearly. A. may hear B. will hear C. hear D. have heard 20. They got up early in order that they _ they first train. A. caught B. will catch C. might catch D. shall catch 21. I am sorry that he _ in such poor health. A. are B. shall be C. were D. should be 22. That is a good book. You _ it yesterday. A. could buy B. should buy C. should have bought D. bought 23. It is high time we _ home. A. will go B. would go C. have gone D. went 24. Id rather that you _ home. A. went B. have gone C. will go D. had gone 25. If only I _ to the lecture！ A. listen B. will listen C. am listening D. had listened 26. If he_， he _ that food.- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned， would not take B. had been warned， would not have taken C. would be warned， had not taken D. would have been warned， had not taken 27. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _， she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 28. Without electricity， human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 29. He _ you more help， even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give 30. If city noises _ from increasing， people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept， will have to B. are not kept， have to C. do not keep， will have to D. do not keep， have to 31. Mikes father， as well as his mother， insisted that he _ home. A. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay 32. Mr. Smith insisted that he _ the work all. A. had done B. have done C. did D. so 33. Jane would never have gone to the party _ that Mary would come to see her. A. has she known B. had she known C. if she know D. if she has known 34. If you had enough money， what _？ A. will you buy B. would you buy C. would you have bought D. will you have bought 35. If you _ that film late last night， you wouldnt be so sleepy. A. didnt see B. havent seen C. wouldnt have seen D. hadnt seen 36. Our monitor requested that _. A. all the class studied more carefully the problem B. the problem was more carefully studied C. with great care the problem could be studied D. all the class study the problem more carefully 37. Would you have called her up had it been possible？ Yes, but I _ busy doing my homework. A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 38. His tired face suggested that he _ really tired after the long walk. A. had been B. was C. be D. should be 39. It is important that we _. A. shall close the window before we leave B. will close the window before we leave C. must close the window before we leave D. close the window before we leave 40. I didnt know his telephone number， otherwise I _ him. A. had telephoned B. would telephone C. would have telephoned D. telephone 参考答案 15 BADAB 610 CDABC 1115 CCDDB 1620 ADAAC 2125 DCDAD 2630 BDDAA3135 DABBD 3640 DABDCIf he doesnt hurry up,he will miss the bus.如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实) If he is free,he will ask me to tell stories.如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实） If I were you,I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（我不可能是你。非真实，虚拟语气） If there were no air,people would die.如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（不可能没有空气。非真实，虚拟语气）用法及动词形式1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： 从句：If主语+过去时 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do eg： 1If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） 2If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） 3If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4If I had any money with me,I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱） 5If he studied harder,he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力） 6she looked at me as if I had been a stranger. 她看我的样子好像我是一个陌生人。（事实：我并非陌生人） 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done eg： 1 If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 （事实：去晚了） 2If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。 （事实：没有听我的话） 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测从句：主句：if+主语+were to do主语+should/would/could/might+do if+主语+did/were 主语+should/would/could/might+do if+主语+should+do 主语+should/would/could/might+do eg： 1 If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小） 2 If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪） 3 If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、 有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 eg： If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us,we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 如： If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her,he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were,should,had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。eg： Should he agree to go there,we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here,she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 6、 非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without，but for等eg： But for his help,we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。 Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。 We didnt know his telephone number,otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。 7、 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。 省略从句 He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你本能通过这次考试的。 省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是只有我得到它了该多好啊。 8.注意，在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was。 eg：If I were you,I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。 编辑本段各类用法wish 后宾语从句a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式 eg. I wish I hadyour brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你) b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+done eg:.I wish I had knownthe truth of the matter. 我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。（事实：那时还不知道） c、表示将来难以实现的愿望 谓语动词：should/would（情态动词） + 动词原形eg. I wish I should havea chance again. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了） (注：if only引导的感叹句和as if/as though引导的状语从句也有相同用法） 目的状语从句1、在for fear that,in case,lest引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should + do。并且 should能省略She examined the door again for fear that a thief (should) come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。 He started out earlier lest he (should) be late. 他早早的就出发了以防迟到。 2、 在so that,in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / could / may / might / will / would / should +do。 He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个字。 其他用法1、 一想要(desire一宁愿(prefer)二命令(order. command)三建议(advise. suggest. propose/recommend)四要求(demand. require. request. ask.insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：should + do。should可以省略。eg： He suggestedthat we (should) takethe teachers advice. He insistedthat we (should) takethe teachers advice. He demandthat we (should) takethe teachers advice. He orderedthat we (should) takethe teachers advice. Insist意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气；意为“坚持某种观点，某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。eg： He insists he is a student. 他坚持说他是个学生。 这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。 suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。 eg： His face suggests that he looks worried . 他的表情暗含着他很担心。 这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。 2、 表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如：necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity等。 3、 句型：It is.that +主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用should+原型 或只用动词原型。 eg: Do you think it is necessary that he (should)not be sent to Lingbao. It is strange that such a person should be our friend. 奇怪的是这样一个人会成为我们的朋友。 注：这一点还没有准确的说法，希望善心人能把这点补充完全。 3、 在even if,even though 所引导的让步状语从句中用may/might+动词原形，may/might可以省略，表示与现在相反的情况；从句用过去完成时，表示与过去相反的情况，类似的词有though/even though/whatever/however/so long as; 主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。 eg： Even if he were here himself,he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。（事实：他没来） Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。（事实：华佗不在世） 4、 在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever,wherever，however,no matter wh-等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为： 指现在或将来：may +do。 eg： We will finish it on time no matter what may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。 We will find him wherever he may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。 I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。 指过去：may +have done。 eg： You mustnt be proud whatevergreat progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲。 We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。 5、 一般would rather,had rather,would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为： 过去 had + done 现在 过去时(be 用were ) 将来 过去时(be 用were ) eg： Id rather you had seenthe film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。 Id rather you were herenow. 我倒想你现在在这儿。 Wed rather you went heretomorrow. 我们倒想你明天去那儿 注：注意would rather，had rather，would sooner的细微差别，可以百度一下查查。 6、 虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + do（优先使用动词过去式），即从句用虚拟过去式。 It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。 It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。 7、 简单句中的虚拟语气 （1） 说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should +do。 eg： Would you mind my shutting the door? 你介意我把门关起来吗？ You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。 I should agree with you. 我本该同意你的观点。（委婉的不同意） （2） 表示“祝愿”时，常用may +主语+ do。 eg： May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。 May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。 （3） 表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用do。 eg： Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。 God bless us. 上帝保佑。 （4）习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。 提出请求或邀请。eg： Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？ Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的单车吗？ 陈述自己的观点或看法。eg： I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很高兴。 I would try my best to help you. 我会尽力帮助你。 提出劝告或建议。eg： Youd better ask your father first. 你最好先问一问你的父亲。 You should make a full investigation of it first. 你应该先全面调查一番。 提出问题。eg： Do you think he could get here on time 你认为他能按时来吗？ Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？ 表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：情态动词 + have done。 eg： You should have got here earlier. 你早该到这里了。 You should have returned it to him. 你早该把它还给他了。 8、虚拟语气在方式状语从句的应用。详见百度百科之方式状语从句词条。 编辑本段省略虚拟条件省略连词if有时可将条件从句的连词if省略，但此时应用倒装句型，即把从句中的were,should,had 等提到句首： Were I Tom,I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。 Should it be necessary,I would go. 假若有必要，我会去的。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 【注】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were,should,had 等缩略成Werent,Shouldnt,Hadnt而置于句首。 有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词： Had I time,I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time) 省略主语和动词be若主从句主语一致，且谓语部分包含有动词be，通常可将主语和动词be省略： If repaired earlier,the tractor would not h