初中介词用法讲解和练习.doc

大道教育介词用法归类一、表示方位的介词：in, to, on1.in表示在某地范围之内。Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。2.to表示在某地范围之外。Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。3.on表示与某地相邻或接壤。Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。二、表示计量的介词：at, for, by1. at表示“以速度”“以价格”。It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。2. for表示“用交换，以为代价”。He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。注意：at表示单价(price) ，for表示总钱数。3. by表示“以计”，后跟度量单位。They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。三、表示材料的介词：of, from, in1. of成品仍可看出原料。This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。2. from成品已看不出原料。Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。3. in表示用某种材料或语言。Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。四、表示工具或手段的介词：by, with, on1. by用某种方式，多用于交通。I went there by bus. 我坐公共汽车去那儿。2. with表示“用某种工具”。He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。注意：with表示用某种工具时，必须用冠词或物主代词。3. on表示“以方式”，多用于固定词组。They talked on the telephone. 他们通过电话进行交谈。She learns English on the radio/on TV. 她通过收音机/电视学英语。五、表示关于的介词：of, about, on1. of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。He spoke of the film the other day. 他前几天提到了这部影片。2. about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。Can you tell me something about yourself? 你能告诉我关于你自己的事情吗？3. on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。Its a textbook on the history of china. 它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。六、表原因或理由的介词for, at, from, of, with, by, because of1. for表示原因，与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame连用。I am sorry for what I said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。2. at指情感变化的原因，意为“因听到或看到而”。He was surprised at the news. 听到这消息他大吃一惊。3. from指“外在的原因”，如受伤、车祸等。He died from the wound. 他因受伤而致死。4. of指“内在的原因”，如病、饿等。The old man died of hunger. 老人死于饥饿。5. with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 他们听到这个消息，欣喜若狂。He was shaking with anger. 他气得浑身发抖。6. by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。Her body was bent by age. 他因年老背弯了。She took your umbrella by mistake. 我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。7. because of表示引起结果的直接原因。He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.8. thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常译为“幸亏，多亏”。Thanks to John, we won the game. 多亏约翰，我们才赢了这场比赛。9. out of表示动机的起因，常译为“出于”。He asked the question out of curiosity. 他出于好奇才问了那个问题。七、表示好像或当作的介词：like, as1. like表示“像一样”，其实不是。Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud. 彼得大帝像他的国家一样强健和自豪。2. as表示“作为，以身份”，其实也是。He talked to me as a father. 他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。注：as作连词时，可表示“好像”。The work is not so difficult as you imagine. 这工作不像你想像的那么困难。八、表示支持或反对的介词：against, foragainst反对，for支持，互为反义词。Are you for my idea or against it? 你赞同还是反对我的想法？九、表示除某人/物外的介词：besides, except1. besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除外，还”。Thirty students went to the cinema besides him. 除他以外，还有30个学生去看了电影（共计31人去）。He is interested in tennis besides（=as well as）football.他对足球和网球都感兴趣。2. except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除去”。Everyone is excited except me. 除我以外的每个人都很激动（我并不激动）。All the visitors are Japanese except him. 除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。（他不是日本人）注意：常用介词固定搭配：above all最重要的是，尤其是after all毕竟，终究all at once突然；同时，一起all but除了.都；几乎，差不多all of a sudden忽然，突然，出乎意料地all over到处，遍及all the same仍然，照样地all the time一直，始终and so on/forth诸如此类，等等as a matter of fact事实上，其实as a result因此，作为结果as a rule通常，多半，照例as usual像往常一样，照例at a loss不知所措，困惑；亏本地at all costs不惜任何代价，无论如何at best充其量，至多at first起先，最初at first sight乍一看，初看起来at hand近在手边，在附近at heart在内心里，本质上at last终于at least至少，无论如何at most至多，不超过at once立刻，马上；同时，一起at present现在，目前at the cost of以.为代价at the same time同时；然而，不过介词专题题库一、选择题1. you often go swimming _ Sunday mornings?Yes. Why not _ with me this Sunday?A.on; go B.in; to go C.on; going D.in; going2.I waited for a bus for a long time. I gave up _ and walked home.A.at first B.at least C.in the end D.at the beginning3.The foreigners arrived _ Shanghai _ night. A.at; at B.in; at C.in; in D.at; in4.Wushu is becoming more and more popular _ westerners.A. among B.between C.in D.within5.My aunt Jane tried her best to reduce her weight _ 6 kg.A.about B.at C.to D.by6.I hear that he will be back _ two weeks time.A.at B.in C.after D.for7.Who is the boy _ glasses? He is a student of _. A.wearing;Mr. Wang B.wears;Mr. Wangs C.with;Mr. Wangs D.in;Mr. Wangs8.What a nice day! We should go sightseeing _ watching TV in the hotel.A.because of B.instead of C.together with D.out of9.Can I join Oxfam Trail walker? Only if you are _ eighteen.A.over B.on C.under D.below10.Are you _ the dark? Oh, yes. I always go to sleep with the light on.A.used to B.afraid of C.interested in D.good with11.Its rather cold in most of South China _ in spring.A.on time B.at a time C.at times D.all the time12.Would you like some coffee? Yes， please. By the way, do you have any milk? I prefer coffee _ milk.A.from B.with C.to D.for13.The man _ Mary was so tall that she could hardly see the show.A.in front of B.in the front of C.at the back of D.at the beginning of 14.It is time _ the weather report. Turn on the radio, please.A.to B.in C.at D.for15.You must write _ a pen.A.in B.by C.with D.through二、填空题16. Hangzhou is famous _ the West Lake.17. How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt?Im going there _ my car.18.It is clear that fish cannot live _ water.19.My father is strict _ me _ my study.20.This is the map _ China.21.Its not polite to talk _ a girls age.22.They usually play basketball _Saturday morning.23.Could you tell me something _ UFOs? I am really interested_ it.24.It is very far _China _America.25.You should take more exercise. Its good _ your health.26. This boy is _ the tree. Its very dangerous.27. Which necklace have you lost?The one you gave me _ my birthday.28. There is a big shop _ the other side of the road.四、完成句子41、 在她的帮助下，我的英语提高了。_ _ _ _ her, I made progress in English.42、她代替王老师给学生上了一节课。She gave a lesson _ _ Mr. Wang.43、这块甲板被用来做了一个盒子。This board _ _ _ making a box.44、我想买一栋又大又现代化的房子，最重要的是，我希望它位于安静的街区。45、Id like to buy a big and modern house. _ _, I hope its in a quiet neighborhood.46、如果你跟班上的同学友好相处，那你将会更喜欢校园生活。If you _ _ _ _ your classmates, youll enjoy your school life more.