(非常全)人教高中英语必修一各单元知识点汇总.doc

*（非常全）人教高中英语必修一各单元知识点汇总主要内容包括：一、重点短语二、语法目录：Unit One FriendshipUnit two English around the worldUnit 3 Travel journalUnit four EarthquakesUnit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern heroUnit One Friendship一、重点短语1. go through 经历，经受 get through 通过；完成；接通电话2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的5. in order to 为了6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻7. face to face 面对面8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参加（某个活动）；take part in 参加（活动）join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员）10. calm down 冷静下来 11. suffer from 遭受 12. be/get tired of 对 感到厌倦13. be concerned about 关心 14. get on/along well with 与 相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于 16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是 17. no longer / not any longer 不再 18. too much 太多（后接不可数 n.） much too 太 (后接 adj.)19. not until 直到 才 20. its no pleasure doing sth做 并不开心21. make sb. sth.使某人成为 make sb. do sth.使某人做某事二、语法-直接引语和间接引语概念 ：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。1*例： Mr. Black said, “Im busy.”Mr. Black said that he was busy.变化规则（一）陈述句的变化规则直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词 that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。人称的变化人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思例：1. He said,“I like it very much.” He said that he liked it very much.3. He said to me,“Ivleft my book in your room.” He told me that he had left his book in my room.时态的变化直接引语 间接引语一般现在时 一般过去时现在进行时 过去进行时现在完成时 过去完成时一般过去时 过去完成时一般将来时 过去将来时过去完成时 过去完成时例：“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary”, said Anne.Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary.The boy said,“Im using a knife.” The boy said that he was using a knife.注意：如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变，如：He said,“Light travels much faster than sound”.He said that light travels much faster than sound.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语 间接引语this thatthese thosenow thenago before/earliertoday that dayyesterday the day beforetomorrow the next/following day2the day after tomorrow In two days timecome gohere therethe day before yesterday two days before/earlier(二) 祈使句的变化规则如果直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to 的不定式，并根据句子意思在不定式前加上 tell/ask/order等动词，如果祈使句是否定句，在不定式前面还要加上 not。例：The hostess said to us“,Please sit down”. The hostess asked us to sit down.He said,“Dont make so much noise, boys”. He told the boys not to make so much noise.（三）疑问句的变化规则如果直接引语是疑问句，变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，句末用句号。一般疑问句：如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词是 say或 said时，要改为 ask或 asked,原问句变为由 if/whether 引导的宾语从句。例 :“Do you think a diary can become your friend?”the writer says. The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.2) 特殊疑问句：如果间接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的引导词，但疑问句要变为陈述句。例：“What do you want?”he asked me. He asked me what I wantedUnit two English around the world一、重点短语4. be different from 与 不同 be the same as与 一样5. one another 相互，彼此（ =each other）3. official language 官方语言6. at the end of 在 结束时 5. because of 因为（后接名词或名词性短语） because因为（后接句子）9. native speakers说母语的人 7. be based on根据，依据11. at present目前；当今 9. especially 特别，尤其specially 专门地14. make use of利用 make the best of 充分利用 15. a large number of大量的，很多（作主语，谓语动词用复数）the number of 的数量（作主语，谓语动词用单数）16. in fact = actually= as a matter of fact 事实上 13. believe it or not 信不信由你22. there is no such thing as 没有这样的事 15. be expected to 被期待做某事16. play a part/role in 在 起作用 17. make lists of 列清单18. included 包括（前面接包括的对象） Including 包括（后接包括的对象）19. command sb. to do sth.命令某人去做某事 command + that 从句（从句用 should+V 原20. request sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 request + that 从句 (从句用 should+V 原)3二、语法-英语中的命令（ command）语气和请求 (request)语气命令语气 ：表示直接命令某人做某事，语气比较重，不怎么礼貌，一般用于上级对下级例： 1. “Look at the example”, the teacher said to us. 2. Open the window!请求语气 ：表示请求某人做某事，语气比较缓和，非常礼貌例： 1. “Would you like to see my flat?”She asked. 2. Would you please open the window?Unit 3 Travel journal一、重点短语6. travel-泛指旅行 journey-指长时间长距离的陆上旅行 voyage-指长距离的水上旅行，也可以指乘飞机旅行 trip- 常指短时间短距离的旅行 tour-指周游，巡回旅游，7. prefer to 更加喜欢，宁愿 prefer A to B 比起 B，更喜欢 Aprefer doing to doing 比起做 ，宁愿做 prefer to do rather than do与其做 , 不如 8. flow through 流过，流经4. ever since 自从7. persuade sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事 6. be fond of 喜欢10. insist on doing 坚持做某事 insist + that 从句（用 should+ V 原）11. care about 关心. change ones mind 改变想法12. altitude 高度 attitude 态度，看法13. make up ones mind to do下定决心做某事 = decide to do = make a decision to do14. give in 让步，屈服 give up 放弃15. be surprised to对 感到惊奇 to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是16. at last = finally = in the end 最终17. stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事18. as usual像往常一样19. so that 如此 以至于 So + adj + a/an + n. + thatSuch + a/an +adj. + n. + that20. be familiar with对 熟悉（人作主语） be familiar to为 所熟悉（物作主语）二、语法:现在进行时表将来现在进行时表将来， 表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作， 常见的现在进行时表将来的动词有： come/go / leave/ arrive / travel / take / stay/ do等.例： 1. Im coming. 我就来17. what are you doing next Sunday ?你下个星期天做什么？18. I hear that you are travelling along Mekong River.我听说你将沿湄公河旅行19. Where are you staying at night?你们晚上待在哪里/4Unit four Earthquakes一、重点短语9. right away 立刻，马上（ = at once = in no time）10. asleep 睡着的；熟睡地（ fall asleep 入睡） sleep 睡；睡眠 sleepy 犯困的11. it seems that/ as if 看来好像 ；似乎 4. in ruins 成为废墟8. the number of 的数量（谓语动词用单数） a number of 大量（谓语动词用复数）9. rescue workers营救人员Come to ones rescue 营救某人 7. be trapped 被困12. how long 多长时间 how often 多久，指平率how soon 还要多久（用于将来时当中，用 in+时间段回答）13. hundreds of thousands of成千上万的 10. dig out 挖出21. shake-泛指 “动摇，震动 ”,常指左右、上下动摇，也可以指人“震惊，颤抖”例： 1. She felt the earth shaking under him. 2. She was shaken with anger.quake- 指较强烈的震动，如地震 例: The building quaked on its foundationTremble- 指人由于寒冷、恐惧、不安等引起的身体的抖动或声音的颤抖例： Suddenly I saw her lips begin to tremble and tears begin to flow down her cheeks.Shiver- 多指寒冷引起的颤抖、哆嗦例： A sudden gust of cold wind made me shiver.22. rise (rose risen)- vi, 上升；升起， 无被动语态； give rise to 引起Raise（raised raised）- vt, 举起；筹集；养育Arise ( arose arisen)-vt, 出现（常指问题或现象）23. injure- 常指因意外事故造成的损伤，也可以指感情上名誉上的伤害例： He was injured in a car accident.harm- 泛指“伤害，损害” ，既可以指有生命的，也可以指无生命的例： 1. He was afraid that his fury would harm the child.20. His business was harmed for some reason.hurt- 既可以指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的伤害例： 1. She hurt her leg when she fell. 2. He felt hurt at your word.wound- 一般指枪伤、刀伤等在战场上受的伤 例： The bullet wounded him in the arm.23. be prepared for = make preparations for 为 做准备24. in ones honor 向 表示敬意；为纪念Be/ feel honored to do 做 感到很荣幸25. make /give/ deliver a speech发言opening speech开幕词26. give/ provide shelter to 向 提供庇护所seek shelter from 躲避27. happen to + n./ pron. 遭遇，发生 happen to do sth.偶然；碰巧5happen -指偶然发生 take place-指事先计划好的事情发生二、语法 -定语从句概念 ：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。成分 ：先行词，即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词；关系代词： that，which，who(宾格为 whom,所有格为 whose)；或者关系副词 where，when，why 等。关系代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间，起着连接主从句的作用。12. 关系代词 that 的用法关系代词 that 在定语从句中既能指人，也能指物；既能做主语，也能做宾语例：1）A plane is a machine that can fly.指( 物，作主语 )2）The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.指( 物，作宾语 )3）Who is the man that is reading a book over there?指( 人，作主语 )4）The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jims sister,(指人，作宾语 )13. 关系代词 which的用法关系代词 which 在定语从句中只能指物，但既可以做宾语也能作主语例：1）They planted some trees which didnt need much water. 作( 主语)2）The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh. (作宾语)14. 关系代词 who，whom的用法关系代词 who,whom 只能指人，在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语例：1）The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.作( 主语)2）The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. (作宾语)、15. 关系代词 whose在的用法关系代词 whose为关系代词 who 的所有格形式，其先行词既可以是人也可以是物， whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语。例：1）This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.指( 人，作主语 )2） The room whose window faces south is mine.指( 物，作主语 )3）He has written a book whose nameI ve forgotten. (指物，作宾语 )16. 关系副词 when的用法关系副词 when 在定语从句中作时间状语例：1）Ill never forget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm.2) Do you remember the afternoon when (=on which) we first met three years ago?17. 关系副词 where在定语从句中的用法关系副词 where在定语从句中做地点状语例：1）This is the place where( =at/ in which) we first met.62) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasnt very clean.18. 关系副词why在定语从句中的用法关系副词why 在定语从句中作原因状语例: 1). I didnt get a pay rise, but this wasnt the reason why(= for which) I left.2). The reason why (=for which) he has late was that he missed the train.Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero一、重点词汇10. selfish 自私的 selfless 无私的 2. devote oneself to 致力于；献身于14. fight against 对抗，反对 fight for 为 而战4. principle 原则principal 校长；主要的24. offer guidance to给 提供指导6. out of work 失业21. join 加入（组织，俱乐部，成为其中一员） join in 参加（活动） take part in 参加（活动）22. as + adj +as one can尽可能 = as + adj. +as possible23. as a matter of fact事实上（ =in fact）10. blow up 爆炸，炸掉28. set up 建立 ; set about 着手，开始做（ set about doing sth）.set off 出发，动身 ; set out 开始，出发（ set out to do sth）.29. be sentenced to被判 13. be equal to 与 相等；胜任17. be proud of 为 感到自豪 15. give out 分发 （give off 散发出（气味）21. die for 为 而死 die of 死于（自身原因，如疾病） die from 死于（外在原因，如车祸）22. realize ones dream of 实现.的梦想23. only 位于句首时，要主谓倒装例： Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.Only in this way, can we protect the environment better.二语法-定语从句详见第四单元7