被动语态知识点及练习题.doc

及思教育学科资料 咨询热线：0594-2522520被动语态复习“三步曲”被动语态是动词语态的一种形式,表示主语是动作的承受者。在历年的中考题中,都有一定数量的考查被动语态的题目。因此,有必要对被动语态进行系统复习。第一曲:掌握被动语态的结构被动语态由助动词+及物动词的过去分词构成。不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上,同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。现将初中阶段常见的几种时态的被动语态总结如下:1.一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are+done(指及物动词的过去分词,下同)如:English is used all over the world.2.一般过去时的被动语态:was/were+done如: The picture was painted two years ago.3.现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+done如: The flowers are being watered by them now. 4.现在完成时的被动语态:have(has)+been+done如:The room has been cleaned.5.一般将来时的被动语态:will/be going to+be+done如:The work will be finished tomorrow.6.含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+done如:Your homework must be handed in today.7.过去进行时的被动语态：was / were +being+done其它几种特殊句型：It is said that . It is well known that . It is reported that.have sth done 第二曲:掌握主动语态变被动语态的方法把主动语态变为被动语态时,应走好以下三步:1)主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语; 2)主动语态的谓语动词由主动语态形式变为被动语态形式; 3)主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动结构的谓语动词之后。在无须说明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时,by短语可以省略。请看示范:主动语态:My brother repaired that bike yesterday. 主语 谓语动词宾语其余部分被动语态:That bike was repaired (by my brother) yesterday. 主语 谓语动词 by+宾语其余部分对于主动语态变为被动语态方法的考查,主要在句型转换题目中出现。只要能够按照上面介绍的方法去做,一般是能够做对的。第三曲:注意主动语态变为被动语态的几种特殊句型1.含有短语动词的被动语态一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态。另外,许多不及物动词加上介词或副词构成的短语动词,相当于及物动词,后面也可加宾语。在变被动语态时,注意不可丢掉后面的介词或副词,常见的这类短语动词有:take care of, look after, take off, look at, send for, look up等。如:The old people should be taken good care of.2.含有双宾语的动词的被动语态含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时,应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语,另一个宾语仍保留在原处。一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语,直接宾语(指物)不变。另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语,间接宾语(指人)不变,这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to,有时加for。如:My father gave me a new book on my birthday.I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语)A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语)3.带有复合宾语的动词的被动语态带有复合宾语(宾语和宾语补足语)的主动语态变为被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动语态的主语,原来的宾语补足语不动。同时,如果宾语补足语是省略to的动词不定式,变为被动语态时,必须加上不定式符号to,这类动词有make, let, see, hear, watch等。如:We find English very useful. English is found very useful. 宾语宾补I often hear him sing in his room. He is often heard to sing in his room. 宾语 宾补4.有的动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义,这类动词有: wash, sell, smell, taste, sound, feel等。如:The books sell well. The food tastes good.以上四种情况在中考题目中经常出现,同学们在碰到类似题目时,应首先分析属于哪种情况,然后再根据掌握的知识来做题。5.关于“get+过去分词”在英语口语中，有时可用“get+过去分词”构成被动语态。如：I got dressed as quickly as l could.我尽快穿上衣服。I wasnt surprised she get elected after all the efforts she made.她尽了一切力量之后，当选了，这不使我感到奇怪。We got delayed because of the holiday traffic.因为节日交通阻塞，所以我们被耽误了。I tried to find my way roundLondonwithout a map and got lost.我试图不带地图在伦敦寻路，结果迷路了。类似搭配有：getarrested,getcaught,getconfused,getdelayed,getdivorced,getdressed,getdrowned,getdrunk,getelected,getengaged,gethit,getkilled,getlost,getmarried,getstuck等。四特殊情况的被动语态：1.带双宾语的被动语态：动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾)口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for 间宾连。1).give/pass /show 与介词to 搭配。give sb sth sb +be given sth 或 sth +be given +to sb .2).buy/make/cook 与介词for 搭配。buy sb sth sb +be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sbHe gave me a bookI _ _ a book by him.A book _ _ _ me by him .My mother made me a cake .I _ _ a cake by my motherA cake _ _ _ me by my mother .2.带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+ sb + do sth .口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去被动语态to回来。动词：make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watchmake sb do sth -sb + be +made +to do sthThe boss made the workers work all dayThe workers _ _ _ work all day by the boss.3. see /hear /notice /keep +sb +doing sth 句型中变被动语态时doing 不变。I heard Tom singing just now Tom _ _ _ by me just now .4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。We should take care of the old . The old should _ _ _ _ .五注意事项：1.有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态：last （持续）,have ,own .belong to ,suitfine ,cost，suffer，hold（容纳），fit2.不及物动词是没有被动语态：happen ,take place ,appear , hold (容纳)3.系动词是没有被动语态：Look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste .The dish tastes good .4.有些及物动词做不及物动词用，特别是后面加副词well，easily等等，主动语态含有被动含义有些词组没有被动语态：sell well , write well ,ride well ,drive well，wear，wash，cook，open，close，lock，read，recordThis kind of skirt sells well.5.need表示需要时，后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done .类似词有require，deserve，bearAll the computers need repairing .=All the computers need _ _ _ .6.在tooto及enough to 结构中有时表示被动意义。The problem is too difficult to solve.被动语态专项练习一、选择题（215=30分）( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year?A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build( )2. An accident _ on this road last week.A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened( )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of China.A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow( )4.So far, the moon _ by man already.A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week.A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives( )6.How many trees _ this year?A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted()7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now.A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year.A. did; use B. was; used C. is; usedD. are; used( )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world.A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known()10.Who _ this book _?A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written( )11.A story _ by Granny yesterday.A. was told us B. was told to usC. is told us D. told us()12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree.A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump( )13.The school bag _ behind the chair.A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put( )14.Older people _ well.A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after( )15.Our teacher _ carefully.A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（120=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)1.Its said(据说) that the long bridge_（build）in two months2.Where to have the meeting _ （discuss）now3.Which language _the most widely_（speak）in the world？4.The lost boy_（not find）so far5.Last year a large number of trees_（cut）down6. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.7. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospital.8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop.9. What _ knives _ (make) of ?They_(make) of metal(金属) and wood.10. Can the magazine _ (take) out of the library?11. The room _ (clean) by me every day.12. The stars cant _ (see) in the daytime.13. Some flowers _ (water) by Li Ming already.14. This kind of shoes _ (sell) well.15. How long _ your uncle _(be) in the city?16. The food _ (smell) delicious.17. Look! Someone _(dance).一、选择题（215=30分）1. B2. D3.A 4. C5. 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.C 10. B11.B 12.D 13.B 14. B15.A二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（120=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)1.will be built 2. is being discussed 3. is spoken 4. hasnt been found 5. were cut 6.are told 7. must be sent 8. are sold9.are made , are made 10. be taken11.is cleaned 12. be seen13. have been watered 14. sells 15. has been 16. smells 17 is dancing三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。（130=30分）1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态）_ people _ tea in South China？2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year（同义句转换）A birthday present _by my parents every year3.The work is going to be finishedin two days.(对划线提问)How_ the work going to be finished ?4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态)An English song _ _ _ by the children.5. You neednt do it now. (改为被动语态)It _ _ _ by you now.6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态)Metal _ _ _making machines.7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态)I _ _ that for him.8.They are watching the football match.The football match _by them.9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态)_ a bridge _ here by them a year ago?10.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态)The light green dresses _ _ _ out.11.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态)The game _ “Lianliankan” by us.四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。(110=10分)The new bike _ （买给我）by my parents as a present last week_ your mobile phone _（是国产的吗）？The whole mountain is _ (覆盖) the snow.五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。（10分）I have a lot of homework to be done tonight_Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？_Lei Fengs name remembered by all Chinese people_The music is sounded beautiful. _By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed ?_Answers一、选择题（215=30分）1. B2. D3.A 4. C5. 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.C 10. B11.B 12.D 13.B 14. B15.A二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（120=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)1.will be built 2. is being discussed 3. is spoken 4. hasnt been found 5. were cut 6.are told 7. must be sent 8. are sold9.are made , are made 10. be taken11.is cleaned 12. be seen13. have been watered 14. sells 15. has been 16. smells 17 is dancing三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。（130=30分）1.Do, grow 2. is given to me 3.soon is 4. will be sung5. neednt be done 6. is used for 7. was made to do 8. is being watched 9. was built 10. have been sold 11. is called四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。(110=10分) was bought for me Is made in China covered with五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。（10分）be done改为 do listened改为 listened to remembered 改为 was remembered is sounded 改为sounds By who 改为 By whom6