现在完成时与一般过去时讲解与比较和中考真题练习.doc

辅导科目：英 语 学员姓名： 年级:九年级 学科教师： 课 时 数： 第_次课授课主题时态教学目标1. 现在完成时的构成和用法。2. 一般过去时的构成和使用。授课日期及时段2015年 月 日 :00 - :00教学内容 现在完成时一、现在完成时的定义：（1）表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。（2）表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态。二、现在完成时的构成：1、总结构：have (has）+ 过去分词2、现在完成时的基本句型：肯定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词 疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词否定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词 Eg： Has he gone to the library ? 他是去了图书馆吗？ Yes,he has. 是的，是去那里了。 No, he hasnt. 不，他没去那里。 How long has Mrs Smith been in Beijing？ Smith夫人来北京多长时间了？三、现在完成时的主要用法1、表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。Eg：- Its so dark. -Someone has turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑)- Are you free?-I have finished my homework. I am free.(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是有空)2、在表示“用法（1）” 时，现在完成时常和副词already, yet, never, ever ,before 等连用。a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气；Eg：He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气） b）yet在现在完成时中的用法，yet 用于否定句和疑问句。 否定句: 句末 “还(没)” 疑问句: 句末 “己经” Eg： I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet? c）never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever 表示“曾经” Eg：We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。 Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗？3、表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态。eg：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿. (动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去.) I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了. (动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去.)4、在用法（2）中，常与since + 过去的时间点，for + 一段时间，so far 等时间状语连用。1）for + 一段时间 Eg: I have been here for 5 weeks. He has studied English for 3 years.2）since +(表示过去某一时间的)时间点 a) since+时间点Hehasstayedheresince5oclock. b) since+ 时间段+ agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago. c) since+ 从句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere. 词组since 单词 从句(一般过去时)Eg：I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.注1：since 也可单独使用，表示“自那时起”；另外since前也可加上ever，以加强语气。Eg： I have been here (ever) since. I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.注2：对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用how long，决不能用when.Eg：How long have you lived here? I have lived here for 10 years. How long has she stood here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.四、 现在完成时常用的时间状语 already, never, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks， these days, since， for a long time【练习】用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework _ an hour ago.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”五、have been 与have gone 的用法比较 1、have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。2、have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。3、have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”Eg：Has she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾去过南京吗？ You have never been there, have you? 你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year. 我去过桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。【练习】用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once. 一般过去时一、一般过去时的用法 表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。例如：I went to school at 7:00 yesterday morning.我昨天早晨七点去上学。 表示在过去某个时间存在的状态。例如：She was not at home last night.她昨晚八点没在家。 表示在过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often(经常)、always(总是)、sometimes(有时)等表示频率的时间状语连用。 eg：He often had lunch at school last month.他上个月经常在学校吃午饭。 表示已故的人所做的事情或情况。 eg：Ba Jin wrote a lot of novels for us.巴金写了很多部小说。二、一般过去时的四种时间状语 yesterday及相关短语。eg：yesterday morning/afternoon/evening 昨天上午/下午/晚上。 “last+ 时间状语”构成的短语。eg：last night/month/spring/year 昨晚/上个月/去年春天/去年。 “一段时间+ago”组成的短语。eg：three days ago 三天以前 four years ago四年以前。 “介词+ 时间名词”组成的短语。eg：in 1999 在1999年；on the morning of December 25th 在12月25号早上。三、一般过去时谓语动词的表现形式1、 be动词的过去式was、were.eg：She was a teacher five years ago. 她五年前是一名教师。2、行为动词的过去式分为规则动词和不规则动词两种，规则动词的过去式的构成遵循以下四个规则：1） 直接在动词后加ed例如：help-helped; want-wanted等；2） 以不发音的字母e结尾时，去掉e加ed (即直接加d) 例如：like-liked; use-used等；3） 以辅音字母y结尾时，把y变成i再加ed例如：carry-carried; study-studied等；4） 以重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母再加ed例如：stop-stopped; shop-shopped等。而不规则动词的过去式则需要我们认真下工夫去记了。例如：go-went; come-came; buy-bought等。连系动词的过去式例如：become-became She became angry. 她生气了。情态动词的过去式+动词原形。例如：I could swim at the age of five. 我五岁时就会游泳了。 【练习】 写出下列单词的过去式 isam_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_play_ go_ make _ does_ dance_worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ draw_put _ throw_ kick_ pass_ do _ 四、一般过去时的构成一般过去时态的肯定句式“主语+动词过去式+其它”eg：Jenny bought a skirt yesterday. 詹妮昨天买了一件短裙。一般过去时态的否定句式 “主语+didnt+动词原形+其它”eg：Jenny didnt buy a skirt yesterday. 詹妮昨天没有买短裙。 一般过去时态的一般疑问句式 “Did+主语+动词原形+其它”eg：Did Jenny buy a skirt yesterday? 詹妮昨天买短裙了吗？ 一般过去时态的特殊疑问句式 “疑问词+did +主语+动词原形+其它”eg：What did Jenny buy yesterday? 詹妮昨天买了什么？现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较一、现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。 Eg: He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。 第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典” 。 第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强调说明。二、当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时。eg: I saw the film on television yesterday 但since(自以来)+某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。Eg：They have known each other since 1950 . Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.三、常与一般过去时连用的典型的时间的状语: yesterday(昨天)， the day before yesterday(前天), just now(刚才)， 时间+ ago, last +时间eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .【练习】用一般过去时或现在完成时填空：1. “_ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”“Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.”2. “_ he _ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”3. “_ they ever _ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”4. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work.5. Your father _ (finish) his work just now.6. Last term I _ (learn) many English words.7. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet.8. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum.9. _ you ever _ (drink) coke?【课堂练习】【2012北京】1.Where were you last Saturday? I _ in the Capital Museum.A. am B. will C. wasD. have been【2012广西玉林】2. Last year, Shenzhou-8 _ into the space. It made us proud. A. is sent B. was sent C. sends D. sent 【2012贵州安顺】3.The old man _ in Shanghai, but he _ in Haikou now.Abe born; liveBwas born ; live Cis born; livesDWas born; lives【2011湖北恩施】4. He _ go out with his parents, but now he _ staying at home alone.A. used to； is used toB. is used to； used toC. use to； is used to【2012湖北武汉】5. I dont remember when and where I _ this umbrella.A.buy B.have bought C.will buy D.bought【2012湖南怀化】6.The telephone _by a well-known scientist ,Edison. A. invented B. inventing C. was invented【2011湖南株洲】7.Have you ever been to Shanghai?Yes. I _ there with my father last year.A. went B. have been C. have gone【2012江苏苏州】8. The film made by Walt Disney _ all over the world. A. is used to showB. is used to showing C. used to show D. used to be shown【2012江苏徐州】9. I know a little about Thailand, as I there three years ago. A. have been B. have gone C. will go D. went【2012江苏盐城】10. Have you ever been to Singapore? Yes. I_ there last year with my parents.A. goB. wentC. have beenD. was going【2012江西】11. Hello, mum. Are you still on Lushan Mountain?Oh, no. we are back home. We _ a really good journey.A. have B. had C. are having D. will have 【2012江西】12. Oh, my God! I cant find my key to the office.Dont worry. Perhaps it _ at your home. A. left B. has left C. was left D. had left【2012 内蒙古包头】13. Havent I told you that you should be home earlier? Yes, but I home earlier than I usually do. A. was coming B. will come C. came D. had come【2012湖北黄冈】14. Hey, Molly. You _ on the phone just now. But you werent here and the man left a phone number.Oh? I was in the library. A. wanted B. are wanted C. were wanted D. have wanted【2012陕西】15. A new club _ in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members. A. starts B. is started C. has started D. was started 【2011河南】16. Have you heard of Earth Day?Yes. The first Earth Day _ in 1970 to educate us to protect our planet.A. celebrates . B. celebrated C. is celebrated D. was celebrated 【2012四川宜宾】17. My grandma _ us stories when I was young. A. was used to tell B. is used to telling C. used to tell D. used to telling 【2012四川宜宾】18. Are you a soccer player in your school? Yes, I _ the team two years ago. I _ in the team for two years. A. have joined; have been B. was joined; am C. joined; was D. joined; have been 【2012天津】19. I have been to Shanghai. I _ there last month.A. go B. went C. have gone D. will go【2012浙江杭州】20.Mark_in China for 10 years and now he teaches Chinese in Britain.A. has worked B. worked C. had worked D. is working 【2012浙江温州】21. What did you do yesterday evening, Gina.? I _ Titanic 3D in the City Cinema.A. watch B. watched C. am watching D. will watch 【2012湖南省岳阳】22. The car _ by the policeman because the driver was drunk.A. stopped B. was stopped C. were stopped【2011河南省】23. -Excuse me, where is Mr. Browns office? -Sorry, I dont know. I _ here for only a few days. A. work B. worked C. have worked D. will work【家庭作业 中考真题练习】1. What _ the noise, Bill? Sorry, I broke my glass. A. isB. wasC. has beenD. will be2. Id like to introduce my best friend to you, Peter. Thank you, Lucy. But we _ already. A. meetB. metC. will meetD. have met3. Excuse me, where is Mr. Browns office?Sorry, I dont know. I _ here for a few days. A. workB. workedC. have workedD. will work4. Joe, my close friend, moved to Beijing years ago and I _ him since then. A. dont seeB. didnt seeC. havent seenD. wont see5. _ you ever _ the new Minyuan Stadium? No, I havent. A. Do; visitB. Have; visitedC. Did; visitD. Are; visiting6. Mr. Li will check our homework this afternoon. _ you _ it? Not yet. Im doing it right now. A. Do; finishB. Had; finishedC. Will; finishD. Have finished7. The 2004 World Cup in Brazil makes the whole world crazy and nobody will miss it. I _all the matches so far. A. watchedB. have watchedC. will watchD. am watching8. Do you know if Jack will drive to London this weekend? Jack? Never! He _ driving so far. A. has hatedB. will hateC. hatedD. hates9. My husband always _ me flower every week before we got married, but now he never _. A. sends; doesB. sent; doesC. sends; doD. sent; do10. David knows much about the city because he _ there many times. A. goesB. wentC. has goneD. has been11. Is Tom at home? No, he _ to town. A. has beenB. has goneC. goesD. will go12. Dont return the video to Peter. I _ it. A. dont watchB. wont watchC. havent watchedD. wasnt watching13. I _ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai. A. didnt hear fromB. dont hear fromC. wont hear fromD. havent heard from14. My aunt is a writer. She _ more than ten books since 1980. A. writesB . wroteC. has writtenD. will write15. My grandmother _ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here. A. seesB. can seeC. will seeD. has seen16. Have you ever been to Shanghai, Mary? Yes. I _ there for three days with my parents last month. A. have goneB. have beenC. wentD. was17. You dont look well. Youd better see a doctor. I _. But the doctor said there was nothing serious. A. haveB. amC. willD. was18. Lets go to the community to look after the old if _ tomorrow. But nobody knows if it _ tomorrow.A. wont rain; rainsB. doesnt rain; rains C. doesnt rain; will rainD. wont rain; will rain