九年级上册仁爱英语知识点总结.doc

Lassie版权所有Unit1 The Changing WorldTopic1 Our country has developed rapidly.【重点短语和句型】1. have a good summer holiday暑假过得愉快e back from从.回来3.have/has been to去过(主语已经回来)4.have/has gone to去了（主语还没回来）5.not.any more再也不.6.take photos照相7.by the way顺便问一下8.take part in+活动/比赛；join +组织/团体9.around/all over/throughout the world 全世界10.tell sb. something about. 告诉某人关于某事11.have/live a happy/hard life 过着幸福/艰苦的生活12.describe.in detail 详细描述13.give support to 支持. 14.see.oneself 亲眼看见 15.keep in touch with 与.保持联系16.far away 遥远的(常做后置定语)17.kinds/sorts of 各种各样的.18.not only.but also 不仅.而且.19.Make rapid/big progress 取得快速/大的进步20.more than/over 多于21.develop/improve rapidly 迅速发展/改善22.tell sb. (not ) to do sth. 告诉某人（别）做某事23.ask sb. (not ) to do sth. 要求某人（别）做某事24.in order to do sth. 为了做某事25.have to do sth. 不得不做某事26. Its +adj.+for/of sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事怎么样 表示事物的性质或特征时用for，表示人的品质或性格时用of。27.why not do sth.=why dont you do sth 为什么不做某事28.succeed/be successful in doing sth. 成功地做某事29.dream about doing sth. 梦想做某事30.see/hear sb. do/doing sth. 看见/听见某人常做/正在做某事【重点语法】现在完成时一. 现在完成时的基本结构（重点记红色字体谓语结构）肯定句：主语+have/has+done (动词的过去分词)+其他否定句：主语+have/has+not+done (动词的过去分词)+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+done (动词的过去分词)+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他），把划线词去掉。二. 现在完成时的用法1. 现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。Ihave already posted the photo.我已经邮寄出了照片。现在完成时常用的时间状语，如already（肯定句句中）, yet（否定句/疑问句句尾）, just, before, recently, still, lately, never等。2.现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻，持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)此种用法常与for+时间段, since+时间点/过去时的句子连用。谓语动词必须是延续性动词。有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词：go out-be out finish-be over open-be open die-be dead buy-have fall ill-be ill come back-be back catch a cold-have a cold borrow-keepTopic2 The population in developing countries is growing faster.【重点短语和句型】1. get lost迷路2. a couple of一些，几个3. with the development of随着.的发展4. with the help of.在.的帮助下5. one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数:其中之一/最.的其中之一6. call/ring sb. up；give sb a call给某人打电话7. sth. happen to sb.某人发生某事(通常是不好的)8. What happened to sb?某人发生某事?9. take place发生10. thanks to sb./sth. 幸亏，由于11. because of+名词/代词；because+句子：因为，由于12. carry out执行，实施13. thousands/millions/hundreds of成千上万/无数的/成百上千.14. two thousand/million/hundred两千/百万/百(具体数字后面不加s)15. half of.一半.16. two thirds三分之二（分子基数词，分母序数词，分子大于一分母用复数）17. be short of短缺.18. so far到目前为止19. be known/famous for因.而闻名be known/famous as作为.而闻名20. have a long way to go有很长的路要走21. a town called.一个叫做.的镇（called为call的过去分词，动词的过去分词做后置定语）a man named 一个名叫的人22. fewer than/less than少于 23. such a/an+adj.+n.+ that从句；so+adj.+ that从句；too+adj.+ to do/be 24. keep up with赶上25. has a population of+数字：有.的人口26. Whats the population of+地点?：某地的人口是多少？27. hate doing sth讨厌做某事28. take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事29. Have (no/a good)chance to do sth.有好的/没有机会做某事30. used to do sth.过去常常做某事31. be/get used to doing sth.习惯做某事32. work well in doing sth.在.方面起到显著作用33. I really hate going to a place like that. 我真讨厌去那样的地方 so do I 我也是34. so+be/助动词/情态动词+ 主语 （某人也是）；nor/neither+be/助动词/情态动词+主语（某人也不是）35. it is increasing by 80 million every year. （人口）正在以每年8千万的速度增长36. increase by 增加了 increase to增加到37. the population in developing countries is lager than that in developed countries. 发展中国家的人口多余发达国家的人口（形容词比较级+than+that，that指代比较的对象）38. Thanks to the policy, china is developing quickly. 幸亏这项政策，中国正在迅速发展。【重点语法】常用于现在完成时的时间状语：already, just, yet, ever, never, recently.e.g.1. I have justcalled you.2. Have you everbeen to France?No, Ive neverbeen to any European countries.3. Have you seen him yet?Yes, I have seen him already.Topic3 The world has changed for the better.【重点短语】1. with the money用这些钱】2. so that为了，以致于3. on purpose 故意，有意的4. according to 据所说5. make a contribution to 为做贡献6. in fact/as a matter of fact事实上7. provide sth. for sb./provide sb. with sth.为某人提供某物8. feel good about.对.有信心9. at the same time与此同时10. talk on the phone在电话中交谈11. take drugs吸毒12. at home and abroad在国内外13. send sb. to sp.送某人去某地14. send for sb.派人去请某人15. aim to do sth.目的是做某事16. decide on sth. 决定某事 decide(not)to do sth.决定（不）做某事17. finish doing结束做某事18. How do you like./What do you think of.?你觉得.怎么样？19. It takes sb. 时间/金钱 to do sth：花费某人多少钱/时间做某事20. Sb. spend 金钱 on sth：某人花多少钱在某物上 21. Sb. spend 时间 in doing sth.：某人花多少时间做某事22. sth. cost sb. 金钱：某人花费.钱买某物23. sb. pay 金钱 for sth.： 某人花多少钱买某物24. so +主语+/be/助动词/情态动词:的确如此25. you will get used to it very soon if you come. 如果你来，你会很快适应的。26. as a matter of fact, its a wonderful place to live. 事实上，那是一个极好的居住地。27. you must come for a visit. 你必须来参观一下。28. well, once they find people in need, they decide on suitable ways to offer them help. 噢，他们一旦发现处在困境种的人，就选定适当的方式向他们提供帮助。29. The program also provides them with job training so that they can find jobs again. 这个计划还向他们提供职业培训，以便他们能再次找到工作。【重点语法】1. 现在完成时：常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在。e.g. You have been in New York for a long time.The city has improved a lot since I came here a few years ago.2. 构词法:合成词: home +work= homework派生词: useuseful, happyunhappyUnit2 Saving the EarthTopic1Populationhas caused too many problems.【重点短语】1. chemical factory 化工厂2. pour into 把排放到3. in a bad mood 处在不好的情绪中4. change into=turn into 转换成，变成5. manage to do sth. 设法去做某事6. do harm to /be harmful to 对有害7. quite a few 相当多8. no better than 同.一样差9. in pubic 公开地10. in many ways 在许多方面11. three is/was sb./sth. doing sth 有某人某物正在做某事【重点句型】1. Look, there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the streams.看，有几家化工厂正往河里排放废水。2. Everything has changed.一切已发生了变化。3. How long have you been like this? 你像这样多长时间了?4. Im always in a bad mood because I cant stand the environment here.我的情绪总是很差因为我受不了这里的环境。5. However, not all people know that noise is also a kind of pollution and is harmful to humanshealth.然而，并非所有的人都知道噪音也是一种污染，而且有害于人类健康。【重点语法】一般过去时与现在完成时的区别一般过去时：表示过去某个具体时间发生的动作或某段时间存在的状态，强调过去的情况，与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday， last year， two days ago， in2012等。现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调现在的情况。现在完成时不能与过去某个具体的时间或某段时间连用。例如:I saw the film last week.我上周看过这部电影（强调动作在上周发生）I have seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了。（强调现在对此电影已经有所了解）I was a teacher two years ago.两年前我是一位老师（强调两年前是老师）I have been a teacher for two years.我做老师已经两年了。（强调现在仍是老师）Topic2 Allthese problems are very serious.【重点短语】1. as a result 结果2. here and there 到处3. in the beginning 一开始4. in danger 处于危险中5. cut down 砍倒6. change sth. into sth. 把变成7. prevent from 防止8. greenhouse effect 温室效应9. refer to 提到10. deal with 处理12. cut off 中断【重点句型】1. As we know, none of us likes pollution. 众所周知，没有人喜欢污染。2. Humans have come to realize the important of protecting animals. 人类逐渐意识到保护动物的重要性。3. Trees can also stop the wind blowing the earth away. 树木也能防风固土。4. Cutting down trees is harmful to human beings, animals and plants. 砍伐树木对人类、动植物都有害。5. Some things weve done are very good for earth while some are not good.我们所做的，有些对地球很好，而有些不利。6. They can also prevent the water from washing the earth away.它们也能阻止水土流失。7. When it rains or when the wind blows, the earth is taken away. 天一下雨或刮风，土就会被冲走或刮走。【重点语法】不定代词1. 定义: 指的是那些不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。2. 用法: 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。something , somebody, anything, anybody等作主语时，通常视为单数。当形容词修饰它们时，要放在其后。e.g. But the government has done something usefulto protect the environment.Topic3What can we do at home to protect the environment?【重点短语】1. not onlybut also 不仅而且2. be supposed to 应该3. ought to 应该4. turn off 关掉5. instead of 代替6. on time 准时7. make sure 确保8. push forward向前推9. push down 向下10. pull up 向上拉【重点句型】1. For example, we should use both sides of paper and reuse plastic bags.例如，我们应该用纸的两面，并且重新使用塑料袋。2. Everyone is supposed to do that.每个人都有义务那样做。3. First, you ought to turn off the lights when you leave a room.首先，你离开房间时应该随手关灯。4. Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。5. Well, actions speak louder than words. 嗯，百说不如一做。6. There will be a lot of hard work to do tomorrow, so make sure you go to bed early tonight.明天有许多繁重的活要干，今晚一定要早睡。【重点语法】并列句：由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句构成。结构为：简单句+并列连词+简单句常用的并列连词有：and, or, but, while, not only but also.e.g. 1. The river is dirty and the temperature of the earth is rising.2. They work well, but they are slow and cant run for long.Unit3English Around the WorldTopic1Englishis widely spoken throughout the world.【重点词语】2. cant wait to do sth. 迫不急待地做某事3. from now on 从今往后，从现在开始4. be pleased with 对感到高兴，满意于5. on business 出差6. be similar to 和相似7. be the same as 和一样8. have（no）trouble/difficulties (in) doing sth. 做某事没有/有困难/麻烦9. as well as 也 not onlybut also不但而且10. mother tongue 母语11. take the leading position 处于领先地位12. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事13. a wide knowledge of 丰富的知识14. play an important part in 在中起重要作用15. make great/big progress in doing sth. 做某事取得重大的/大的进步。【重点句型】1. Disneyland is enjoyed bymillions of people from all over the world.迪士尼乐园被全世界数百万的人所喜爱。2. I hope I can go there one day. 希望有一天我能去那儿。3. Englishiswidely spokenaround the world. 英语在世界上被广泛使用。4. Itis also spoken as a second languagein many countries.在许多国家它也被用作第二语言。5. It is possible thatyou will have some trouble. 你可能会遇到一些麻烦。6. Its used as the first language by most people in America它作为第一语言被美国大多数人使用。7. Try your best and work much harder from now on。尽你所能，从现在起更加努力。【重点语法】一般现在时的被动语态英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者，叫主动语态。如：We clean the classroom. 我们打扫教室。主语是动作的承受者，叫被动语态。如：The classroom is cleaned (by us).教室被（我们）打扫。1. 被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+（by+宾语）其中by意为“被；由”，表动作的执行者。如：The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。be有人称、数和时态的变化，其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。如：English iswidelyspoken around the world. （肯定式）Englishis not widely spokenaround the world. （否定式）-IsEnglish widelyspoken around the world? （疑问式）-Yes, it is./No, it isnt.2. 被动语态的用法：（1）在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下可用被动语态。如：This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。（2）要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时，用被动语态。如：Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了。3 主、被动语态的转换：主动语态：主语+及物动词谓语动词+宾语（+其它）被动语态：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语（+其它）注意：（1）主动、被动互转时，时态不变。（2）主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动态by的宾语时，要用宾格形式。如：(1) People grow rice in the south.Riceis grown (by people) in the south.(2) Shetakes care of the baby.The baby is taken care of (by her).Topic2 some things usually have different meanings in different cultures【重点词语】 see sb. off 给送行on ones way to+地点 某人去某地的路上on oness way home 某人回家路上ask for a ride搭乘，乘车give sb. a ride让某人搭便车get on 上车; get off下车put out伸出fly to +地点 飞去某地 fly there飞到那里pick sb. up接某人do some research 做调查，做研究regard/consider sb/sth. (as) sth认为某人/某物如何compare A to B把A比作Bcompare A with B把A和B比较pay attention to(to是介词) +名词/动名词at times 有时 stand for 代表twenty minutes later 20分钟以后whetheror 是还是do some research 做调查a sign of 的标志body language 肢体语言regard/consider sb./sth. (as) sth. 认为某事某物怎样consider doing sth 考虑做某事be regarded as 被看作是an English-speaking country 一个英语国家【重点句型】Whats up？ 怎么了No need to worry没有必要着急I cant believe thatIm flying to Disneyland. 我简直不敢相信我就要飞往迪斯尼乐园了。Wheneveryou need help, send me an-mail or telephone me. 无论何时你需要帮忙，给我发电子邮件或打电话。Excuse me, could you please give me a ride to the airport? 不好意思，你能载我去机场吗？My uncle is meeting us tomorrow我叔叔明天来见我们【重点语法】用现在进行时表示将来现在进行时表示将来时，常有“意图”、“安排”（但不是固定不变的）或“打算”含义。它表示最近或较近的将来，所用的动词多是位移动词或非延续性动词如：come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start, begin, return, open, dieIm going. 我要走了。When are you starting? 你什么时候动身？Dont worry. The train is arriving here soon. 别着急，火车马上就到了。表示将来的现在进行时除了用于位移动词外，亦可用于某些非位移动词。如：My uncle is meeting us tomorrow. 我叔叔明天会见我们。She is buying a new bike soon. 她不久将买一辆新自行车。Topic3 Couldyou give us some advice on how to learn Englishwell?【重点短语】in public在 公共场所at times=sometimes 有时feel like doing=would like to do 想要做give up sth./doing sth. 放弃turn to sb. for help 求助于某人give sb. some advice on/about 给某人一些有关的建议be weak in 在方面很差/be good at 在方面很好be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事make mistakes 犯错误take a deep breath 深呼吸the best time to do 做某事最好的时间do some listening practice 做些听力训练reply to=answer 回答advise sb. to do 建议某人做某事（名词advice）forget/remember/stop doing sth.忘记/记得做过某事forget/remember/stop to doing sth.忘记/记得去做某事as+adj/adv+as possible 尽可能【重点句型】1. Could you make yourself understood in the U.S.A? 在美国，别人能懂得你的话吗？2. I dont know what to do. 我不知道该怎么办？3. At times I feel like giving up. 有时我想要放弃。4. Try to guess the meanings of the new words, and get the main idea ofthe article. 尽量猜测生词的意思，理解文章的大意。5. I dare not answer questions in class, because Im afraid of making mistakes. 我不敢在课堂上回答问题，困为我害怕犯错误。6. Its an honor totalk with all of you. 与在座的各位交谈是我的荣幸。7. But remember to choose the ones that fit you best.但是记住要选择最适合你的一种。【重点语法】wh- +to do结构wh-是指when, where, which, who(m)及how等连接词，它们和动词不定式连用，即为wh- +to do结构。这种结构在句中常作主语、表语和宾语，作宾语时可以转换为宾语从句。(对于谓语动词来说，wh- +to do这个不定式动词的动作是个尚未发生的动作，所以在转换成宾语从句时，通常须加情态动词或用将来时表示未来。)如：I dont know what to do.=I dont know what I should do. She cant decidewhich to buy.=she cant decide which she will buy.反之，如果主句中的主语与宾语从句中的主语一致时，宾语从句（由疑问词引导）通常可以与“疑问词+不定式”互相转换。如：Idont know what I should do.=I dont know what to do.如果不一致就不能转换。I want to know what Mary will do.(不能说:I want to know what to do.)Unit4 Amazing ScienceTopic1 Whenwas it invented?【重点短语】be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb. 向某人展示某物be made of 由制作（看得见的材料）be made from 由制作（看不见的材料）be made in 在某地被制作be made by被某人制作be used for 被用来做be used as 被作为什么使用be used by 被某人使用in/during ones life 某人一生go/come/take this way 请这边走come about 产生，发生the result of 的结果the rest of time 剩下的时间sendinto=send upinto把送入.cant help doing情不自禁做brainstorm for ideas 集思广益【重点句型】-When was the radio developed ? 无线电是什么时候被发明的？-it was developed in the 1970s 是20世纪70年代被发明的What is a rocket used for? 火箭是用来做什么的？I wish I could go into space some day 我希望有一天我能去太空I hope your dream will come true 我希望你的愿望会实现Its said that he invented more than two thousand things during his life 句说他一生发明了两千多种东西Inventing is interesting and exciting and everyone can be an inventor 发明是一个有趣和刺激的过程，每个人都能成为发明家【重点语法】一般过去时的被动语态谓语部分的基本形式是be的过去式was/were+及物动词的过去分词。如：When