2016年考研英语一真题及答案.pdf

江西研视界教育咨询有限公司 Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male.It mayinvolve not only his parents and his friends,those of the young women,but also amatchmaker.A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3the marriage negotiations.or the young mans parents may make the choice of a spouse,giving the child little to say in the selection.4,a girl may veto the spouse her parents havechosen.5 a spouse has been selected,each family investigates the other to make sure itschild is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair.Formerly it lasted three days 7 bythe 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half.Buddhist priests offer a short sermonand 8 prayers of blessing.Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,9 cottonthreads soaked in holy water around the brides and grooms wrists,and 10 a candlearound a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11.Newlywedstraditionally move in with the wifes parents and may 12 with them up to a year,13 theycan build a flew house nearby.江西研视界教育咨询有限公司 Divorce is legal and easy to 14,but not common.Divorced persons are 15 with somedisapproval.Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage,and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally.Divorced persons may remarry,but a gender prejudice19 up.The divorced male doesnt have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 thewoman must wait the months.1.A by way ofB as well as C on behalf ofD with regard to2.A adapt toB provide forCcompete withD decide on3.A closeB renewCarrangeD postpone4.A In theoryB Above allC In timeD For example5.A AlthoughB LestC After D Unless6.A intoB withinC from D through7.A sineB orC butD so8.A testBcopyCrecite D create9.A folding B piling C wrappingD tying10.A lightingB passingC hidingD serving11.A meetingB associationC collection Dunion12.A growB partC dealDlive13.A whereasB until C forD if14.A obtain B followC challenge Davoid15.A isolatedB persuaded C viewedD exposed16.AwhereverB howeverC whenever Dwhatever17.A changedB broughtC shapedD pushed 江西研视界教育咨询有限公司 18.A dividedB investedC donatedD withdrawn19.Aclears20.AwhileB warms C shows D breaksB so what Conce D in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion,has decided its fashionindustry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman.Its lawmakersgave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that incite excessive thinness bypromoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.They suggest beauty should not 江西研视界教育咨询有限公司 be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health.Thats a start.And the ban onultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves tohealth-as some have done.It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility forthe signal it sends women,especially teenage girls,about the social tape-measure theymust use to determine their individual worth.The bans,if fully enforced,would suggest to woman(and many men)that they shouldnot let others be orbiters of their beauty.And perhaps faintly,they hint that people shouldlook to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sinezero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures,however,rely too much on severe punishment to change aculture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing.Under the law,using afashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could resultin a$85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on materialadornment and idealized body types.In Denmark,the United States,and a few othercountries,it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there relymore on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrast to Frances actions,Denmarks fashion industry agreed last month on 江西研视界教育咨询有限公司 rules and sanctions regarding age,health,and other characteristics of models.The newlyrevised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states,we are aware of and takeresponsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals,especially on youngpeople.The charters main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers andmodeling agencies to Copenhagen.Fashion week,which is men by the Danish FashionInstitute.But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body idealsmay be the best step.Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond thematerial standards of a particular industry.21.According to the first paragraph,what would happen in France?A Physical beauty would be redefinedB New runways would be constructedC Websites about dieting would thriveD The fashion industry would decline 22.The phrase impinging on(Line2 Para2)is closest in meaning toA heightening the value ofB indicating the state ofC losing faith inD doing harm to23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry 江西研视界教育咨询有限公司 A The French measures have already failedB New standards are being set in DenmarkC Models are no longer under peer pressureD Its inherent problems are getting worse24.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW forA setting perfect physical conditionsB caring too much about models characterC showing little concern for health factorsD pursuing a high age threshold for models25.Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?A A challenge to the Fashion Industrys Body IdealsB A Dilemma for the starving models in FranceC Just Another Round of struggle for beautyD The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country.In Britainthis has had a curious result.While polls show Britons rate the countryside alongside theroyal family.Shakespeare and the National Health Service(NHS)as what make themproudest of their country,this has limited political support.江西研视界教育咨询有限公司 A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish housesbut to save the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.It was specifically toprovide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience a refreshing air.Hills pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts.They dont makecountryside any more,and every year concrete consumes more of it.It needs constantguardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment.TheConservativesplanning reformexplicitly givesruraldevelopment priorityoverconservation,even authorizing off-plan building where local people might object.The concept ofsustainable development has been defined as profitable.Labour likewise wants todiscontinue local planning where councils oppose development.The Liberal Democratsare silent only u sensing its chance,has sides with those pleading for a more consideredapproach to using green land.Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror intomany local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are incities and towns where infrastructure is in place.The London agents Stirling Ackroyedrecently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no 江西研视界教育咨询有限公司 intrusion on green belts.What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The ideathat housing crisis equals concreted meadows is pure lobby talk.The issue is not theneed for more houses but,as always,where to put them under lobby pressure,GeorgeOsborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal.He favoursout-of-town shopping sites against high streets.This is not a free market but a biased one.Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow.They do so best wherebuilding sticks to their edges and respects their character.We do not ruin urbanconservation areas.Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned,not let trip,After the Netherlands,Britain is Europesmost crowed country.Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retainan enviable rural coherence,while still permitting low-density urban living.There is nodoubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal,Spain or Ireland.Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the politicalspectrum.26.Britains public sentiment about the countrysideA is not well reflected in politicsB is fully backed by the royal familyC didnt start fill the Shakespearean ageD has brought much benefit to the NHS 江西研视界教育咨询有限公司 27.According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now beingA largely overshadowedB properly protectedC effectively reinforcedD gradually destroyed28.Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3A Labour is under attack for opposing developmentB The Conservatives may abandon off-plan buildingC Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservationD The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence 29.The author holds that George Osborness preferenceA shows his disregard for the character of rural areaB stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisisC highlights his firm stand against lobby pressureD reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30.In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation ofA the size of population in BritainB the enviable urban lifestyle in BritainC the town-and-country planning in Britain 江西研视界教育咨询有限公司 D the political life in todays BritainText 3There is one and only one social responsibility of business wrote Milton Friedman,aNobel Prize-winning economist That is,to use its resources and engage in activitiesdesigned to increase its profits.But even if you accept Friedmans premise and regardcorporate social responsibility(CSR)policies as a waste of shareholderss money,thingsmay not be absolutely clear-act.New research suggests that CSR may create monetaryvalue for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than$15 billion a yearon CSR,according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm.This could add value to theirbusinesses in three ways.First,consumers may take CSR spending as a signal that acompanys products are of high quality.Second,customers may be willing to buy acompanys products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps.And third,through a more diffuse halo effect whereby its good deeds earn it greater considerationfrom consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects becauseconsumers can be affected by all three.A recent study attempts to separate them by 江西研视界教育咨询有限公司 looking at bribery prosecutions under Americans Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（FCPA）.Itargues that since prosecutors do not consume a companys products as part of theirinvestigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensiveCSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out thepossibility that it was firms political influence,rather than their CSR stand,that accountedfor the leniency:Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receivelower fines.In all,the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a casebased on its merits,they do seem to be influenced by a companys record in CSR.Weestimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern,such as child labour,or increasing corporate giving by about20%result in fines that generally are 40%lowerthan the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how muchbusinesses ought to spend on CSR.Nor does it reveal how much companies are bankingon the halo effect,rather than the other possible benefits,when they companies get intotrouble with the law,evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31.The author views Milton Friedmans statement about CSR with 江西研视界教育咨询有限公司 AuncertaintyBskepticismCapprovalDtolerance32.According to Paragraph 2,CSR helps a company byAguarding it against malpracticesBprotecting it from consumersCwinning trust from consumers.Draising the quality of its products33.The expression more lenient(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaning toAless controversialBmore lastingCmore effectiveDless severe34.When prosecutors evaluate a case,a companys CSR recordAcomes across as reliable evidenceBhas an impact on their decisionCincreases the chance of being penalizedDconstitutes part of the investigation 江西研视界教育咨询有限公司 35.Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?A The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknownB Companies financial capacity for it has been overestimatedC Its negative effects on businesses are often overlookedDIt has brought much benefit to the banking industryText 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publishstories on newsprint.Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate.Sometime in thefuture,the papers publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside,theres plenty of incentive toditch print.The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper-printing presses,delivery trucks-isnt just expensive;its excessive at a time when online-only competitorsdont have the same set of financial constraints.Readers are migrating away from printanyway.And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts,revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower,but rushing to eliminate its print editionwould be a mistake,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldnt waste time getting out of the print business,but onlyif they go about doing it the right way.Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition 江西研视界教育咨询有限公司 would make sense for them,he said,but if you discontinue it,youre going have yourmost loyal customers really upset with you.Sometimes thats worth making a change anyway.Peretti gives the example of Netflixdiscontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming.It was seen as blunder,hesaid.The move turned out to be foresighted.And if Peretti were in charge at the Times?Iwouldnt pick a year to end print,he said I would raise prices and make it into more of alegacy product.The most loyal customers would still get the product t