2019年教师招聘英语学科专业知识考点梳理二.pdf

芜湖师出教育：镜湖区汇金广场芜湖师出教育：镜湖区汇金广场 A2112 室室2019 年教师招聘英语学科专业知识考点梳理第一部分 词法考点三 代词的用法一、人称代词1.主格作主语，宾格作动词或介词的宾语.He teaches us Chinese.2.三种人称代词并列时，顺序为:单数：二三一（You,she and I）复数：一二三(we,you and they)3.it 的一些特别用法用作形式主语，常用于 Its+adj+to do sth 句型中 用在句型 It seems that 中用在句型 Its ones turn to do sth 中用在句型 Its time to do sth/for sth 中用在句型 Its+adj+that 从句中用作形式宾语,用来代替动词不定式 make/think/feel/find+it+adj./n.+to do sth 2、物主代词芜湖师出教育：镜湖区汇金广场芜湖师出教育：镜湖区汇金广场 A2112 室室1.形容词性物主代词作定语放在名词前，不能单独使用。2.名词性物主代词，后面不能加名词。名词性物主代词常与 of 连用。Our classroom is as big as theirs.This is a friend of mine.【注】名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词加一个名词（名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词）形容词性物主代词与 own 连用时，后面可跟名词也可不跟名词 my own house=a house of my own 三、反身代词 反身代词的常用搭配：enjoy oneself hurt oneself teach oneself =learnby oneself all by oneself help oneself to look after oneself 芜湖师出教育：镜湖区汇金广场芜湖师出教育：镜湖区汇金广场 A2112 室室leave sb by oneself lose oneself in say to oneself for oneself dress oneself improve oneself 四、指示代词 1.近指:this these 远指:that those 2.用法:that those 常用来代替前面出现的人或物，以避免重复。that 代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词，those 代替复数名词。The weather in Guangdong is hotter than that in Qinghai.The books in this shop are cheaper than those in that shop.this,that 可代替句子或句子的一个部分：that 代替前面提到的句子，this 代替下面提到的句子。He had a bad cold,that is why he didnt come.I shall say this to you:he is an honest man.在电话用语中 this 代替自己，而 that 代替对方。This is Tom speaking.Who is that?五、不定代词的区别1.one 与 it 的区别 one 代替同类事物中的一种,而 it 代替上文中出现的某事物。I left my book in my drawer,but today it is gone.I dont like this type of CD player.Could you show me a better one?芜湖师出教育：镜湖区汇金广场芜湖师出教育：镜湖区汇金广场 A2112 室室2.some 与 any 的区别 一般情况下，some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定、疑问句、条件句中，但在表建议的疑问句中，仍用 some 代 any，常用于 could/would/May 开头或 what about/how about.的句中。May I have some water?He asked me for some paper,but I didnt have any.any 用于肯定句中，常意为“任何”Any colour will do.任何颜色都行。3.many 与 much 的区别 many+可数名词的复数，much+不可数名词，都相当于 a lot of+复数名词/不可数名词 【注意】a lot of 不能用于否定句中4.each 与 every 的区别 each 表示两者或两者以上的人或物中的每一个，而 every 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一个。There are trees and flowers on each side of the street.【注意】each 可以与 of 连用，each of 作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而 every 不能与 of 连用，只能放在名词前作定语。Each of us is studying hard.5.no one，nothing 与 none 的区别 none 可指人也可以指物，可与 of 连用；none 用作主语时，若指不可数名词，谓语用单数，若指可数名词，则谓语可用单数(较正式)也可用复数(用于非正式文体，但更符合惯用法)；侧重指数量上“一个也没有”，一般用来 回答 how many/much+n,及含 any+n 引起的疑问句，如：None of us have/has seen him.-How many cats are there in the room?-None.芜湖师出教育：镜湖区汇金广场芜湖师出教育：镜湖区汇金广场 A2112 室室-How much money do you have on you?-None.-Is there any water in the thermos?-None.no one 通常用来指人，不与 of 连用；no one 用作主语时，谓语动词用单数；一般用来回答 who,及含 anyone、anybody 引起的疑问句，如：No one likes a person with bad manners.没人喜欢没有礼貌的人。-Who is in the room?-No one.-Is there anyone in the room?-No one.nothing 通常用来指物。Nothing 用作主语时，谓语动词用单数；一般用来回答 what 引起的特殊问句及含 anything 的一般问句，如：-What is in the box?-Nothing.-Is there anything in the sky?-Nothing.6.both/neither/either/all/none/any 的区别 both 的否定词是 neither,all 的否定词是 none.both of 作主语时，谓语动词用复数；neither of 作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Neither of the answers is right.Both of my parents are workers.词组 both and 连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数。同义词组:not only but also 反义词组:neither nor 芜湖师出教育：镜湖区汇金广场芜湖师出教育：镜湖区汇金广场 A2112 室室Not only you but also she likes watching TV.=Both you and she like watching TV.词组 either or 或者或者,neithernor 既不也不 连接两个主语时，谓语动词实行就近原则。Neither you nor he is right.One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park.=Either Lily or Lucy is going to the park.either 也可以作副词，用于否定句中，表示“也（不）”neither 通常用在句子（或简略答语）的开头，表示“也不”,其后要用倒装语序（将主语放在助动词、情态动词、系动词 be 之后）If she wont go,neither shall I.(If she wont go,I wont either)7.other/the other/others/the others 的区别 one the other 表示两者之间的一个另一个 some others 表示一些 一些 some.the others 特指某个范围内一些人.,剩下的人.another 表示三者以上的不确定数目中的另一个，只能修饰可数名词的单数。但 another+数字+复数名词=数字+more+复数名词，表示“另外几个”Would you like another apple?I have two brothers.One is a teacher,the other is a worker.Some are cleaning the classroom,and others are sweeping the window.There are 20 teachers in our school.Eight of them are men teachers,and the others are women teachers.8.复合不定代词复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Everything begins to grow in spring.形容词修饰不定代词时,形容词放在不定代词之后。Is there something interesting in todays newspaper?动词不定式修饰不定代词时,动词不定式放在不定代词之后。I want something to eat.any,anything,anyone,anybody 也可用于肯定句中，表示任何/任何物/任何人芜湖师出教育：镜湖区汇金广场芜湖师出教育：镜湖区汇金广场 A2112 室室He could mimic anybody 他可以模仿任何人。考点四 数词的用法基数词：表示人或事物数量多少的词序数词：表示人或事物顺序的词一、基数词1.基数词是表示数目的词，一般可写为 245 或者 two hundred and forty-five2.基数词一般是单数形式，但遇下列情况，常用复数：与 of 连用，表示概数a hundred people 100 个人hundreds of people 好几百人在一些习惯用法/固定搭配中The students arrived in twos and threes.学生们三三两两的到了。in ones+整十的基数词复数形式，表示在某人.多岁时in ones 40s 在某人四十岁的时候表示“年代”in the 1930s 在 20 世纪三十年代.名词(首字母要大写)+基数词=the+序数词+名词 Lesson One=the first lesson 注：有些编号，一般仅用第一种表达法。Room 101 101 号房间 数词前加 every,表示每/每隔 every ten days =every ninth day 每十天(每隔九天)注：every+基数词+复数名词=every+(序数词-1)+单数名词 二、序数词 芜湖师出教育：镜湖区汇金广场芜湖师出教育：镜湖区汇金广场 A2112 室室1.基数词变序数词【口诀】基变序，有规律，词尾要加 th。一二三，特殊记，词尾分别 tdd(first second third)八去 t,九去 e，ve 要用 f 替。ty 变作 tie，再加 th 莫忘记。若遇几十几，只变个位就可以。2.序数词前一般加定冠词 the，但序数词前与不定冠词 a/an 连用时，表示“又一，再一”。Youve done it three times.Why not try a fourth time?3.当序数词前有人称代词时,用零冠词That reminds me of my first dog.三、分数1.结构：a)分子用基数词，分母用序数词 b)当分子大于 1 时，分母加复数词尾 3/4-three fourths 2.分数词的几种特殊形式：1/2a half/one half1/3one third=a third 1/4one fourth=a quarter 3/4three fourths=three quarters 3.分数词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式根据分数词后面的名词来确定。Two fifths of the milk has been drunk by Tom.One third of the students are girls.四、倍数倍数的四种表达方法：芜湖师出教育：镜湖区汇金广场芜湖师出教育：镜湖区汇金广场 A2112 室室1.倍数/分数+as+adj.+as2.倍数/分数+the size(weight,amount.)+of3.倍数/分数+adj.比较级+than4.by+倍数