形容词和副词用法详解及练习(附答案)1.doc

形容词&副词
教学目的：1. 掌握形容词和副词的比较等级用法；
2. 了解比较级和最高级前的修饰语和倍数的表达；
3. 能够识别常用形容词和副词的词义辨析；
4. 学会使用形容词作表语、定语的句法功能及其所构成的固定句型结构；

第一模块----高考要点
形容词和副词在高考试题中始终占很重要的地位。近几年高考对形容词和副词的考查具有“淡化语法、注重深层语义”的特点，以形容词和副词辨析为热点。同时继续加强对形容词和副词比较等级的考查。其考点主要包括：
1．考查形容词和副词词义辨析。如：rather, still, such, surprised, surprising, therefore, though, too, very, yet等。
2．考查形容词修饰名词时的词序，即指示代词/不定代词＋数词(序数词、基数词)＋描绘性形容词(nice, good, interesting, beautiful等)＋特征性形容词(大小、长短、高低、形状、年龄、新旧)＋颜色形容词＋国籍、出处＋物质、材料＋用途、类别＋中心名词。
3．考查形容词和副词比较等级的常用句型及其修饰成分在句中的位置。如：三种常见的倍数表达法：
(1)倍数＋as＋形容词或副词原级＋as…；
(2)倍数＋the size/length/width/depth/height of…；
(3)倍数＋形容词或副词比较级＋than＋被比较对象。
4． 考查与形容词和副词有关的习语结构。如： more than, not more than, no more than, less than, not less than, no less than, other than, rather than，nothing else than“仅仅， 只不过”，more than a little “非常，很”，more often than not “经常，在大多数情况下”，cannot(never, hardly)…too(enough)“无论……也不过分，越……越好”等。

形容词和副词的构成
形容词就其词形来说分为简单形容词和复合形容词。简单形容词是由一个字构成的，如：big, good, yellow, long等。
1.复合形容词的构成
单个形容词的构成比较复杂，考生要熟记常见的形容词的后缀（如：-able,-al,-en,-ful,-ish,-ous -y,-ly等等）。而复合形容词是有规律可循的。
1>.由一些名词加字尾构成形容词
规 则
例 词
规 则
例 词
名词+ful
use--useful有用的
beauty--beautiful美丽的 
wonder--wonderful奇妙的
harm--harmful有害的
名词+y
luck--lucky幸运的 
rain--rainy多雨的 
noise--noisy喧闹的 
health--healthy健康的
名词+ly
friend--friendly友好的 
love--lovely可爱的
brother--brotherly兄弟般的
名词+able/ible
comfort--comfortable舒适的 
value--valuable有价值的 
expanse--expansible可扩展的
名词+less
hope--hopeless没希望的 
harm--harmless无害的 
care--careless粗心的 
use--useless无用的
名词+ish
fool--foolish愚蠢的 
self--selfish自私的
2>.由一些动词加后缀构成形容词
规 则
例 词
规 则
例 词
动词+ant/ent
please--pleasant愉快的
differ--different不同的
动词+ive/ative
act--active活跃的
talk--talkative多嘴的
动词+able/ible
change--changeable变化的agree--agreeable令人愉快的
动词+able/ible
change--changeable变化的
agree--agreeable令人愉快的
response--responsible负责任的
动词+ite
favor--favorite最喜爱的
动词+some
tire--tiresome令人厌倦的 
trouble--troublesome麻烦的
3>.复合形容词
复合形容词是由两个或多个字构成的，复合形容词的形成有多种。
规 则
例 词
规 则
例 词
形容词+名词-ed
kind-hearted
名词+形容词
world-famous
形容词+形容词
dark-blue
名词+现在分词
peace-loving
形容词+现在分词
ordinary-looking
名词+过去分词
snow-covered
形容词（副词）+形容词
wide-awake
名词+（普通）名词
English-language
副词+现在分词
hard-working
数词+名词-ed
two-faced
副词+过去分词
newly-built
数词+名词
twenty-year

2.副词的构成
规 则
例 词
在形容词后加“ly”
entirely curiously exactly fortunately attentively immediately
将形容词的词尾
“le”变“ly”
comfortable—comfortably gentle—gently possible—possibly
probable—probably
词尾“y”变“i+ly”
busy—busily easy—easily heavy—heavily
angry—angrily hungry—hungrily lucky—luckily happy—happily
特殊词
true—truly

第二模块----课堂新授
形容词是描述人和事物的性质、特征或状态的一种开放性词类，主要用来修饰名词或部分代词；副词是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子等，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。
Section 1 形容词和副词的用法

一．形容词和副词的句法功能
1.作定语：
形容词作定语一般位于被修饰词的前面；副词作定语多表示时间或地点，位于被修饰词的后面，如here, there, up, down, then, below, above, in, out等。
He has never seen such a more interesting film.
My mother tells me a funny story.
On our way home,we saw a traffic accident.
通常情况下，副词作定语放在名词之后，若放在名词之前则被视为形容词。
the upstairs room [upstairs为形容词]
the room upstairs [upstairs为副词]
The people here are very friendly to us.

2.作状语：
形容词作状语通常说明主语的情况，主要表示原因、结果或方式，可位于句首、句中和句末；副词作状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词和句子。
Hot and wet, you couldn’t imagine the climate here in summer. (表原因)
The survivors lay on the beach, exhausted and shocked. (表方式)
She stared into the distance, speechless for a long time. (表伴随)
My own position is rather different. (adv.修饰adj.)
Can you see the words clearly on the blackboard? (adv.修饰v.)
Fortunately, everything worked out all right in the end. (adv.修饰整个句子)
3.作表语：
形容词作表语，常位于连系动词be, feel, get, turn, become, prove, seem等之后；副词作表语，表示主语的方位、方向、动作和状态等。
Our teacher are strict with us in the study.
The weather is getting colder and colder.
I have to be off now.
Sorry,Mr.Smith isn’t in.He is out.
4.作补足语：
形容词和副词都可以作主语补足语和宾语补足语，说明主语或宾语所处的位置、状态、性质、特征等。一般来说，能用作表语的形容词都可用作宾语补足语。
The fish was caught alive.
You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.
He kept the fire on for a few minutes.
有些表示地点、时间的副词还可以作介词的宾语。如：here和there可以与along, around, down, from, in等介词连用，但通常不与to连用(from here to there)除外，而表地点的副词abroad则只与from连用。
注意：副词主要用来作状语，只有少量的副词如：away,up,on,in,off,out等才可以用来作表语和宾语补足语。here,there可以用来作表语，还可以后置修饰名词用作定语。

【练习】
①—Many a student has a ________ opinion of him.
—But he is spoken ________ of by the leaders.
A. bad; worse B. badly; highly C. bad; more D. bad; better
【解析】答案为D 。have a bad opinion of sb.对某人评价不高；speak highly/well of sb.对某人评价
很高。据句意，选D项。
②To their great relief, the missing child returned home, ______, after an absence of two weeks.
A. felt tired and sound B. tiring and soundly
C. feeling tired but soundly D. tired but sound
【解析】答案为D。句意：使他们宽慰的是，丢失的孩子两周后又重返家园，虽然很疲惫但很健康。形
容词作状语表示伴随或结果，不表示动作的方式。
二．表语形容词
1.表语形容词不能作前置定语
有些形容词一般作表语，这样的形容词叫作表语形容词。常见的表语形容词有：
afraid
alive
awake
asleep
alone
ashamed
aware
ill
well身体健康的
glad
fond
pleased
sorry难过的
content
alike
If you weaken and have a cigarette, don’t be ashamed.
如果你因为意志不坚定又吸烟了，不用感到难为情。
Perhaps it makes us feel more content with our life.
I’m pleased to hear that he will come back.
The little boy is fond of painting.
2.以a-开头的表语形容词（alike除外）不能用very修饰，常用much, very much修饰。
He is much afraid to sleep at home alone.
三．复合形容词
1.“形容词+名词-ed/形容词/现在分词/过去分词”：
kind-hearted 好心的 dark-blue 深蓝的
tired-looking 面带倦容的 clean-washed洗得干净的
She is one of the most kind-hearted girls that I saw.
The colonel was a middle-aged man, grey and tired-looking.上校是个中年人，脸色阴郁，神情很疲乏。
2.“副词+现在分词/过去分词”
hard-working 勤劳的 newly-made新建的
I admire their hard-working spirit.
This newly-made film has been remarked upon by many critics.
3.“名词+形容词/现在分词/过去分词”
world-famous 世界著名的 peace-loving 爱好和平的
snow-covered 白雪覆盖的 man-made 人造的
A world-famous violinist is playing at tonight’s concert.
The sun reflected off the snow-covered mountains.冰雪覆盖的山峰反射着阳光。
4.“数词+名词-ed/名词/(名词+形容词)”：
three-hour 3小时的 four-storeyed 4层楼的
ten-year 10年的 500-meter-long 500米长的
It took us a long time to get to the amusement park. It was a three-hour journey.
四．形容词作定语时的特殊情况
1.一些形容词既可前置也可后置，意义不变。
a nearby town = a town nearby附近的镇 the total sum = the sum total 总数
the following years = the years following 以后的几年
the only possible solution = the only solution possible 唯一可行的解决办法
2.一些形容词既可前置也可后置，但意义不同。
the present situation 目前的形式 a responsible person 可信赖的人
the people present 在场的人 the person responsible 负责人
the general idea 中心意思 a concerned look 关注的神情
the secretary general 秘书长 the comrades concerned 有关的同志
an involved story 复杂的故事 a proper arrangement 适当的安排
the issues involved 有关的问题 the problem proper 问题本身
the given time 特定的时间
the time given 给予的时间
五．形容词的名词用法
有些形容词可与定冠词the连用，相当于名词，泛指一类人或事物。
The beautiful is not always the same as the good.
The doctor used to help the poor.
六．副词的分类
类 别
例 词
时间副词
now, then, today, before, ago, soon, immediately, lately, early等
地点副词
outside, inside, upstairs, here, there, home, near, away, in, back, off, up, anywhere等
方式副词
quickly, happily, loudly, suddenly, luckily, badly, easily, fast, again等
程度副词
very, quite, rather, too, much, so等
疑问副词
when, where, why, how, how long, how soon, how often, how far等
关系副词
when, where, why等
频率副词
often, always, sometimes, once, twice, usually, seldom等
七．同根副词
有些副词具有两种形式，一种是和形容词同形，还有一种是由该形容词加后缀-ly构成。这两种形式的副词在意思上的区别有以下3种情况：
1.含义相同：
两种形式的副词含义相同，在某些场合可以互换。
They sang loud/loudly in the house next to ours.
The stars were shining bright/brightly.
Marie held the baby tight/tightly in her arms.
How slow/slowly the time passes!
He got the information direct/directly from the police.
2.含义不同：
两种形式的副词往往有不同的含义，一般不可互换
high高 highly高度地 wide广阔地 widely广泛地，普遍地
deep深 deeply深刻地，深沉地 free免费地 freely自由地
close接近地 closely仔细地，严密地 hard努力地 hardly几乎不
late迟，晚 lately近来 near在附近 nearly几乎，差不多
most非常 mostly大多数
We are working hard to serve our country better in the future.
He got up very late and hardly had time for breakfast.
She always came home late.
Lately I’ve had trouble sleeping.
The meeting went on in a most friendly atmosphere.
Your answers are mostly correct. = Most of your answers are correct.
National Day is drawing near.
I nearly fell into the river.
They were sitting close together on the couch.
Watch him closely.
3.含义相似：
这两种形式的副词含义相似，只不过与形容词同形的副词意义较具体，而带-ly的副词意义较抽象。
Look! The kite is flying high in the sky.
The teacher spoke very highly of her work.(高度评价)
He opened the door wide.
English is widely used in the world.(广泛运用)
When winter comes, frogs go deep into the mud.
Her lies hurt my father deeply.(深深地)

Section 2 形容词和副词的位置

一．形容词的位置
1.形容词作定语时一般放在被修饰词前，作前置定语。
Mr Smith is a successful businessman.
2.多个形容词修饰同一名词时的排列顺序：
(1)多个形容词修饰同一名词时，一般与被修饰的名词之间关系密切的形容词靠近名词。
(2)如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词放在前，音节多的放在后。
(3)通常情况下，它们的顺序大致遵循以下原则：“限定词(these，those)＋数量词(second，three)＋描绘性形容词(beautiful)(性质+状态)＋大小、长短、高低(large，long，high)+形状＋新旧(new，old)＋颜色(red，green)＋国籍(Chinese)＋材料(wood)＋用途(medical，writing)＋名词”。
His small new black foreign car.他的那辆新的黑色的外国小汽车
[限定+大小+新旧+颜色+出处]
A unique Olympic torch replay 一次别开生面的奥运圣火接力传递
[限定+描述+出处+用途]
A fine old stone bridge 一座漂亮的旧石桥
[限定+描述+新旧+材料]
John Smith, a successful businessman, has a large white German car. 成功商人约翰•史密斯拥有一辆德国产的白色大轿车。 [限定+大小+颜色+国籍]
This is his big square old black Chinese writing desk. 这就是他的又大又旧的中国式方形黑色写字台。
[限定+大小+形状+新旧+颜色+出处+用途]
3.形容词后置的情况：
(1)表语形容词修饰名词时
There are plenty of jobs available in the western part of the country.
The baby still asleep might be awake very soon.
①以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或all, every, only等修饰的名词之后
the best book available, the only solution possible
②alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定语时后置
the only person awake
(2)形容词修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时
Is there anything wrong with your car?
There is something important in today’s newspaper.
Nothing good comes from violence.
(3)形容词long, wide, high, deep, thick, old等与数词短语连用时
My sister is 1.9 meters tall. It’s very difficult to find clothes big enough for her.
(4)两个意思相反的形容词用and, or连接时
We should be fair to all people, young and old.
(5)形容词后面跟“介词+名词/代词”结构时
He is a student worthy of praise.
Isn’t it a problem difficult to solve?
【练习】
______students are required to take part in the boat race.
A. Ten strong young Chinese B.Ten Chinese strong young
C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese
【解析】答案为A。根据“限定词+形容词+名词”，数词属于限定词，选出A和B来；再根据“描绘
（strong）+（长幼young）+国籍（Chinese）”选出正确答案。
二．副词的位置
1.程度副词修饰动词时，一般位于实义动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。修饰形容词、副词时，位于被修饰的词之前。
The boy walked quietly out of the room.
I can hardly believe he stole my money.
Ann is very fond of golf.
2.方式副词大多位于句尾，当宾语过长时，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。但是，well, badly, hard等只放在句尾。
We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.
He speaks English well.
3.enough作副词用来修饰形容词、副词时要放在所修饰词的后面；enough作形容词时，放在名词前后都可。
Although she did not know Boston well, she made her way easily enough to the Home Circle Building.
虽然她对波士顿不是很熟悉，但她还是轻而易举地到了家居建筑圈。
He is rich enough to buy a car.
4.else修饰疑问词和不定代词时，放在这些词的后面
Who else was invited to the party?
Do you want to go anywhere else?
5.多个不同种类的副词的排列顺序：状态副词/程度副词/方式副词+地点副词+时间副词
They are playing games quite happily there now.
副词very可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。
(×) I very like English.
(√) I like English very much.

6.频度副词通常放在被修饰的实义动词前，情态动词、be动词和助动词之后。
She is always ready to help others.
They seldom take exercise in the morning.
【练习】
①No matter how________ , it is not necessarily lifeless.
A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may be
C. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be
【解析】答案为B。考查副词修饰形容词的语序。how与形容词和可数名词单数连用的顺序为：how+形
容词+a(n)+可数名词单数，与其用法一样的还有so，too等。如：so difficult a question如此难的一个问题；
It’s too long a Journey to make in one day.旅程太远，一天之内到不了。故选B。句意：沙漠无论多么于旱。
也不一定就没有生命。
②We only had $100 and that was _______to buy a new computer.
A. nowhere near enough B. near enough nowhere
C. enough near nowhere D. near nowhere enough
【解析】答案为A 。nowhere near是固定短语，意思是“差得远；远不及”，相当于一个形容词，enough
做副词用，修饰形容词或副词时，应该放在被修饰词的后面。句意：我们只有100美元，他怎么也不够
买一台新电脑的。
Section 3 形容词、副词比较等级的构成

一．规则变化
类 别
构成方法
原 级
比较级
最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词
一般在词尾加-er, -est
tall
taller
tallest
以不发音的e结尾时，在词尾加-r, st  
large
nice
larger
nicer
largest
nicest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，变y为i ，再加-er, - est 
easy
busy
happy
easier
busier
happier
easiest
busiest
happiest
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的单音节词或少数双音节词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er, -est
big
hot
thin
bigger
hotter
thinner
biggest
hottest
thinnest
多音节词和部分双音节词
在原级前加more, most
important
quickly
more important
more quickly
most important
most quickly
二．不规则变化
原 级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better 
best
ill/bad/badly
worse 
worst
old  
older
oldest
many/much
more
 most
little 
less 
least 
far 
farther/further
farthest/furthest

三．有两种构成方法的词
原 级
比较级
最高级
cruel
crueler/more cruel
cruelest/most cruel
friendly
friendlier/more friendly
friendliest/most friendly
strict
stricter/more strict
strictest/most strict
often
oftener/more often
oftenest/most often

Section 4 形容词、副词比较等级的用法

一．原级的用法
1.“as+形容词/副词+as”表示双方在程度、特征等方面相等。“not+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as”表示“……不如……”。
You’re as tall as your father.
She doesn’t play the piano as/so well as her sister.
注意：有时“as...as”结构并不用来表示两者的比较，而是用来描述同一个人或事物的特征。
2.“倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as”表示“---是---的几倍”
Tom is twice as old as Kate.
Their school is three times as big as ours.
3.当“as...as”结构中有名词时，用“as+many/much+名词+as”或“as+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+as”，表示“---和---一样”。
He has as many books as I.
Our neighbor has as big a house as ours.
Today is as busy a day as yesterday.

①as much as+不可数名词：多达 Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.
②as many as+可数名词：多达 I have as many as sixteen reference books.
③as early as：早在 As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.
④as far as：远到；就……而论 We might go as far as(走到远至)the church and back.
As far as I know(就我所知), he has been there before.
⑦as…as one can：尽其所能 He began to run as fast as he could.
⑧as…as possible：尽可能 Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.

【练习】
①He speaks English well indeed, but of course not a native speaker.
A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than
【解析】答案为C。修饰动词“speak”时要用副词，排除A和B选项；又因“than”前必须是比较级，故排除D选项。
②I