仁爱版英语八年级下册知识点汇总.doc

Unit5 feeling happyTopic 1 why all the smiling faces?一、 重点词汇1、cruel 残忍的 2、 silly 傻的 3、smile 微笑4、rich 富裕的 5、proud 骄傲的 6、taste 品尝7、smell 问起来 8、set 设置 9、able 能够10、since 自从。 11、lively 活泼的 12、play 玩13、mad 发疯的 14、please 请；令人高兴的 15、marry 结婚16、main 主要的 17、role 角色 18、express 表达19、culture 文化 20、peace 和平 二、重点短语1 Why all the smiling faces? 为什么你们都笑容满面。2 You look so excited. 你看起来很兴奋。3 invite/ ask sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事4 one of 其中之一5 prepare sth for sb= get sth ready for sb 为某人准备好某事6 say thanks / hello / sorry / goodbye to sb 向某人说声谢谢/ 你好/抱歉/再见7 None of 没有一个8 What a shame / pity. 真遗憾。9 get the ticket to = buy the ticket for 买到。的票10 not at all 一点也不11 What do you like best? = Whats your favorite? 你最喜欢什么？12 be proud of = take pride in 为。感到骄傲13 be worried about = worry about 为。而担心， 担心。14 wait in line 排队等候15 be pleased with sb = be satisfied with sb 对某人感到满意 be pleased at sth 为某事而感到高兴16 taste delicious 尝起来美味 smell terrible 闻起来恶心 17 set the table 摆放餐具18 have a temperature = have a fever 发烧19 I hope everything goes well. 我希望一切进展顺利。20 ring up sb ring sb up 打电话给某人21 be able to 能够22 of all time = all the time 一直，总是23 care for = take care of = look after 照顾24 because of 因为，由于25 cheer up cheer sb up 使。兴奋起来26 at last = in the end = finally 最后，最终27 be on 上演 tell a story = tell stories 讲故事28 on the / ones way to 在去往。的路上 29 be with a history of 200 years = have a history of 200 years=have 200 years of history 有着两百年的历史30 come into being 形成 31 be full of 充满，装满 32 ( have a ) fight against sb 与某人打架/吵架 make peace with sb 与某人和解33 end with 以。结束 start / begin with 以。开始34 连系动词+形容词表系表结构be /look /smell /taste /sound /feel /become /get /turn 三、重点语法1. Linking verb + adjective 系动词+形容词,构成系表结构.系动词：be (是)feel look sound taste turn get become smell seem 等等For example :The food tastes delious.注意：（1）. 有些连系动词通常不用于被动语态和进行时态中。如:feel, taste等词。例如: -Do you like the material? -Yes, it feels very soft. （2）. 一般情况下,连系动词主要跟形容词或分词作表语。例如: Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get run over by a car. （3）. 能跟名词作表语的连系动词常见的有:be, become, appear, seem, prove, remain和turn等.注意:turn后跟(表示主语身份的)名词作表语时,不加冠词。例如: Twenty years later, he turned teacher. The population growth in China remains a problem. （4）. 连系动词也可跟不定式(to do / to be),常见的有:appear, seem, remain, prove, look等。例如: Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it. On the long journey, Peter proved to be a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time.2. hope 与wish 的比较都与that引导的从句连用Hope常用于将来时表可能实现的愿望 Wish常用于过去式表示不可能实现的愿望For example : I hope that you will be happy. I wish that you could be happy.3. 动词-ing 和-ed形式作主语补语的区别动词-ing表示主语的特征，常用于事物动词-ed表示主语的状态，常用于人这类词有：interest move active disappoint excite surprise frighten bore等等For example：The game is interesting. I am interested in the game.4表示能力的词Could 表示过去的能力 Can表示现在的能力 be able to 表示过去，现在，将来任何时候的能力将来时态（shall will be able to-）Unit 5 Topic 2 一、重点词汇：1 Exam测试 shy，strict，especially，stranger，accept，advice，deal， example，fail，normal，kill，refuse，hit，though，understand，asleep，suggestion，experience，soft，二、重点短语1 seem to +V 似乎 2 do badly in = be bad at 不擅长于某一方面3 be strict with 对。严格要求4 need to do sth 需要做某事5 take it easy 放轻松，别紧张6 try to do sth 尽力做某事 try doing sth 尝试做某事try on 试穿 try ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事 7 at ones age 在某人这一年龄的时候8 tell a joke = tell jokes 讲笑话 9 make / let / have sb do 让某人做某事 get / ask / tell sb to do 10 be sure (that ) 确信。 be sure to 一定会11 as as 和。一样 not as / so as 不如。12 How time flies! = How quickly the time flies! 光阴似箭。13 be used to 习惯于做某事 used to do sth 过去常常做某事 14 deal with = do with 处理，对付15 for example 例如16 learn from 向。学习 learn to do sth 学习做某事17 refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事18 be angry with sb = be mad at sb 生某人的气 19 even though / if 尽管20 not any longer = no longer 不再not any more / anymore = no more21 by oneself 靠自己 22 fall asleep 入睡 23 give sb a hand = do sb a favor = help sb 帮助某人24 in ones teens 在某人十几岁的时候 25 take part in = join in 参加，加入 26 clam down clam sb down 使某人平静下来三、重点语法：5. 原因状语从句引导词：because since so 等，但是因为，所以不能同时出现For example：He is ill, so he isnt able to come. She is lonely because she has no friends to talk with. Since she is very strict with herself ,she is unhappy.6. always常用于一般现在时表示频繁发生的动作但与现在进行时态连用表是厌恶，责备，赞扬的语气For example: She is always talking about money.7. cant 表示一种否定的推测You cant have SARS. must 表示一种肯定的推测It must be sunny day tomorrow9. 英语语法as.as、soas、sothat和tooto的用法区别soas只用于否定句，asas不但可用于肯定句，还可用于否定句asas中的第一个as是副词,后接形容词或副词的原形;第二个as是连词,引导比较状语从句. 例如:Jack is as tall as you. 杰克和你一样高. Jim is not so/as brave as you. 吉姆不如你聪明.sothat 如此以至于(只能引导结果状语从句,的后面多接形容词、副词或分词,后接句子. 例如:The house was so crowded that I could hardly turned around. 屋里很挤,我几乎都无法转身了.tooto 太以至于不能(too为副词,后接形容词或者副词,to为不定式的标志,这个不定式短语本身带有否定含义.) 例如:The box is too heavy for her to carry it. 对于她来说,这个箱子太重了,以至于她搬不动.Unit 5 Topic 3 一、重点词汇：1、nervous 紧张的， 2、bitter 3、test 测试，4、monitor班长， 5、speech ， 6、passport，7、moon 月亮， 8、thought 虽然， 9、spirit 精神的10、decision 决定， 11、sense 感觉， 12、boss 老板，13、decide 决定二、重点短语1 make me feel nervous 使我感到紧张的 make me want to sleep 使我想去睡觉 2 follow the doctors advice 依据医生的建议3 I hope so. 我希望如此。4 at the end of 在、的末端 in the end = at last 最后5 Take it easy. 别紧张6 help sb to do 帮助某人做某事 help sb with sth 帮助某人某事7 learn by oneself = teach oneself 自学8 Thats very nice of you. 你是多么的好啊！9 in a good / bad mood 愉悦的心情 in good spirits 良好的精神10 smile at life 笑对人生11 give a surprise to sb = give sb a surprise 给某人惊喜12 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院13 get together with sb 与某人相聚在一起14 try out 尝试 15 so、that 如此、以致16 get help from sb 得到某人的帮助17 make important decisions 做一个重要的决定 18 think over 考虑19 a sense of happiness 高兴的感觉 20 get along / on with sb 与某人相处的融洽三、重点语法8. 使役动词（让使）make let have 的用法make +宾语(省约to 的不定式)动词make+宾语名词We make him team leader.make +宾语形容词It make me happy.Let+宾语(省约to 的不定式)动词.Have+宾语+(省约to 的不定式)动词老师叫John到办公室拿他的书。The teather made(had ) John get his book in the office.爸爸让我明天下午看电视。Father let me watch TV tomorrow afternoon.10. few ; a few ; little; a little的用法和区别. (a) few与 (a) little的区别 从所修饰的名词来看：(a) few后接可数名词，且要用复数形式；(a) little后接不可数名词。如：We had little time to do it. 我们没什么时间做此事。Theres only a little soup left. 只剩下一点儿汤了。He has few friends. 他朋友很少。Ill only be away a few minutes. 我只离开几分钟。从所表示的意思来看：上面提到，两者均可表示数量，其主要区别是，(a) few后接可数名词，(a) little后接不可数名词。但是，(a) little还可表示大小。如：Please accept this little gift请接受这件小小的礼物。There are several little towns along the river. 沿河有几个小镇。注意体会下面两句，前面的little表示形状或个子“小”，后面的little表示数量“少”：The little boy is very busy. He has little time to play. 这个小男孩很忙，他很少有时间玩。Its a little animal. It eats only a little food. 那是一个小动物，它只吃一点点食物。 从各自的词性来看：在词性方面，两者的共同点是，均可用作形容词或代词；其不同点是，(a) little 还可用作副词，用以修饰形容词、副词、动词以及介词短语。如：He is a little tired. 他有点累了。They are a little bit better now. 现在他们稍好一点了。You should walk a little faster. 你应该走快一点。She was only a little over fifty years old她才五十多一点。有 a 与没有 a 的区别不带 a 的little和few 含有否定意义，表示数量很少或几乎没有，强调“少”；带有a 的little和few含有肯定意义，表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有，强调“有”。比较：Few people like such things. 没什么人喜欢那样的东西。A few people like such things. 有少数人喜欢那样的东西。He knows little English. 他几乎不懂英语。He knows a little English. 他懂一点点英语。注意，当few前不带 a，但带有the, some these, those等修饰语时，也表示肯定意义。如：Some few have already left. 有几个已经离开了。The last few winters have been very cold过去几个冬天都很冷。The first few chapters are about his early days前几章谈他的少年时期。思维拓展注意两者比较级和最高级的用法及区别：little的比较级和最高级分别为less和least，few的比较级和最高级分别为fewer和fewest。如：Boys think less about dress than girls do. 男孩子不像女孩子那样爱打扮。He has the least money of all of us. 他是我们大家中钱最少的。Fewer radios were sold this year than last. 今年卖掉的收音机比去年少。He tried to finish the work with least money and fewest people. 他设法要用最少的钱和最少的人去完成这项工作。Unit 6 Topic 1一、 重点词汇1、field 田地， 2、trip 旅游， 3、vehicle 车辆， 4、airline 航班， 5、raise 筹集， 6、discuss 讨论，7、book 预定， 8、railway 铁路， 9、cinema 电影院，10、condition 条件 ， 11、comfortable 舒适的， 12、standard 标准的，13、draw 抽奖，画， 14、land 着陆，土地二、重点短语：1 go on 继续 go on a spring field trip 继续去春游go on a visit / trip to =have a visit /trip to 2 decide on 致力于 decide to do sth 决定做某事 make a decision 决定3 My pleasure. = Its a / my pleasure. 我很乐意4 Have a good trip. 玩得愉快 Have a good / wonderful time.5 see the sunrise 看日出6 raise money 筹集钱 make / earn money 赚钱 save money节省钱7 book / order sth for sb 为某人预定、8 pay for 付、的钱9 make a reservation make a hotel reservation10 plan to do sth 计划做某事11 work out 解决 work it / them out12 the cost of 、 、的花费 the price of 、的价格13 come up with 14 look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事15 hear from = get / receive a letter from 收到、来信 16 in the day / daytime 在白天 at night 在晚上 in the evening 在晚上17 the sea of clouds 云海18 place of interest 有趣的地方三、重点语法1、动词不定式 Help sb （to）do sth 帮助某人做某事 （1） tell / ask / order / want / teach sb to do sth; 例如：Mother told me not to play in the street. 妈妈告诉我，不要在马路上玩。（2） see / hear / watch / notice / feel / make / let / have sb do sth;例如：I often heard him sing in the next room. 我常听见他在隔壁唱歌。Unit 6 Topic 2一、重点词汇 1、 receive 收到， 2、perfect 完美地， 3、camp 野营，4、face 面对，脸； 5、north 北方， 6、space 空间， 7、push 推， 8、direction 方向， 9、step 步，阶段；10、 rush 冲， 11、notice 注意， 12、huge 巨大的， 13、guard 警戒二、重点短语1 speak to 对某人说话2 be busy doing sth 忙着做某事3 ride ones bicycle to = cycle to 骑自行车去、4 would like sb to do sth = want sb to do sth 想要做某事5 come along with sb 跟着某人6 at the foot of 、底部 at the top of 、顶部7 spread over 延伸 8 the beginning / start of 、的开始9 on both sides of = on each side of = on either side of 两边10 make sure be sure 确定 11 at the back 在背后12 two and a half hours = two hours and a half 两个半小时13 tell good from bad 14 in the of 在、里 on the of 在、边上 to the of相隔15 be surprised at sth 对某事吃惊 be surprised to do sth to ones surprise16 in different directions在不同的方向 in all directions 在所有方向17 step on ones toes 18 rush out of 冲出19 out of sight 看不到 out of ones sight 20 each other = one another 每一个21 ride to 骑自行车去22 be famous for 因、而出名 be famous as 作为、出名23 cant / couldnt help doing 禁不住做某事24 here and there = every where 到处25 thank goodness 谢天谢地26 have fun doing sth 做某事很有趣；Unit 6 Topic 31 be popular with 2 get / be used to doing sth 3 be afraid of doing sth = be afraid to do sth 4 obey / follow the traffic rules break the traffic rules5 avoid air pollution avoid doing sth 6 Its easy to park bikes.7 adj 比较级 +_than any other +n = the +adj 最高级 +of all the +n复8 slow down 9 run into = knock into run to 10 warn sb to do sth warn sb not to do sth =warn sb against doing sth 11 in danger12 around the world = all over the world = through out the world13 times asas14 millions of hundreds of millions of15 be born 16 make a comeback17 lead to 18 win the race beat sb 19 It seems impossible to beat him.20 Its certain that21 break the record hold the record set a record 22 instead of 23 decide not to do sth 24 go through 25 The roads are very difficult to ride on.26 the World Championship the World Champion27 keep ones mind on doing sth 28 in the middle of29 It is a mistake not to do sth 30 at least = at the least at most = at the mostSECTION A1. How are you doing ?你过的好吗？主要用于见面打招呼。How are you ?你好吗？Hello/Hi !喂！ /你好！How do you do ?你好！2. You look so excited . 你看起来很兴奋。这个句子是连系动词（look）+ 形容词（excited）的结构。这种结构我们通常称为“系表结构”，即连系动词用于连接主语和表语的性质、状态或身份等。（1） 表示状态的连系动词有：Be 是 ，look 看起来， sound 听起来， taste 尝，品尝， smell 闻起来， feel 感觉，摸起来，seem 似乎， lie 处于状态, keep 保持, stay 仍然等.如: - How are you ? 你好吗？ - Im fine . 我很好。 She felt a bit tired . 她感到有点累。 You are not looking very well . 你气色不到好。 He seemed quite normal . 他看上去很正常。 Jennie, alone, kept silent. 只有珍妮保持沉默。（2） 表示状态变化的连系动词有： Get 变得， turn 转变， go 变， fall 变成， become 变成， grow 渐渐变得。如：When she saw this ,she turned red . 看到这她脸红了。The weather is getting quite warm . 天气变得非常暖和。After a game they often become very friendly to each other . 比赛结束后，他们之间往往变得很友好。The sea is growing calm . 大海变得平静起来。3. Oh ,it is one of my favorite movies . 它是我最喜欢的电影之一。（1） one of 意为“中的一些”。后面常跟名词的复数形式或是表示复数的名词。其谓语动词用单数。如：Jim is one of the lively boys in our class . 吉姆是我们班上活跃的男生之一。One of them is from England . 他们中有一个人来自英格兰。Some of 意为“ 中的一些”。其谓语动词单复数由of 后面的宾语确定。Some of us are Young Pioneers . 我们中有些是少先队员。Some of food goes bad . 一些食物变质了。（2） favorite adj. 意为“最喜欢的”。如：Who is your favorite writer ?谁是你最喜欢的作家？favorite 相当于 like best .上句可以改成：Which writer do you like best ? Favorite 可以作名词，表示“最喜欢的人（或事物）”。如：These cakes are great favorites with the children . 孩子们最喜欢这种蛋糕。4. And we can spend the evening at my house . 我们可以在我家度过那个夜晚。（1） spend 在这里表示“度过”。如： We spend the weekend in Paris. 我们在巴黎度过周末。 （2）spend 可以表示“花费（时间、金钱）”，其用法有两个： spend on sth. 在上花费（时间、金钱）spend （in）doing sth. 花费（时间、金钱）做。如：Unit7 Topic 11重点词汇及短语：successful，imagine，soup，biscuit，pancake，cheese，pie，western，Indian，Russian，supply，know about，make money，make a poster，chat with，on the Internet，try ones best，prepare for，think about，have a sweet tooth，later on，in order to，get all wet，be pleased with，make an invitation 2语法： (1)学习宾语从句(that的用法)。 (2)掌握征求对方意见或提建议的句型。 3重点句型及交际用语： (1)I will turn to our teachers for help (2)Ill chat with Daniel on the Internet to get more information about him (3)Lets try our best to make it successful (4)Can you imagine wh