考研《英语(一)》模拟试卷(二).docx

考研英语（一）模拟试卷（二）一、完形填空（Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and markA,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)）1【共享题干题】 High school students who，after graduation，would like to continue their education are frequently faced with many problems in financing college training.1_education is not so wide?spread at the college level 2_ at the elementary and 3_ school levels.There is usually a charge for 4_.In addition，for most students，going to college 5_ living away from home，an expensive matter. What，then，can be done by a student who finds that he must help to 6_ himself if he is to7_ his education beyond high school? There are several 8_. Scholarships are sometimes available.These are usually 9_ partly on the basis of high grades.10_ the day-to-day work in high school may be very important for determining ones 11_ of help from this source.Another 12_ of help is the college loan fund，which is 13_ for the purpose of 14_ loans to worthy students.A third plan is that of 15_ ones way through school.Work may 16_ holding a part?time job outside the college.Sometimes it means 17_ professors in laboratory work，library work，or office 18_ .Sometimes it means performing some19_ which the student body requires，such as helping in the preparation and serving of meals，working in college stores，and 20_. 1.1【单选题】1_education is not so wide?spread A.Free B.Private C.Public D.Compulsory 参考答案：A参考解析：此题属于语意搭配题。根据文章首句内容 problems in financing college training 和本句中的not so wide-spread （并不普及）可推断正确答案是选项A.Free“免费的”。选项B.Private“私立的”，选项C.Public“公立的”和选项D.Compulsory“义务的”都与经济问题无关。 1.2【单选题】at the college level 2_ A.than B.as C.that D.to 参考答案：B参考解析：此题属于语法题。not so.as.是同级比较的否定式。 其余选项都不符合此处的语法要求。 1.3【单选题】at the elementary and 3_ school levels A.orphanage B.primary C.secondary D.nursery 参考答案：C参考解析：此题属于语意搭配题。上文的 college level 和 elementary（初等的）提示此处的正确答案是选项B.secondary“中等的” 。选项A.orphanage“孤儿院”和选项D.nurse可“托儿所”语意上与文章不符。选项B.primary“初等的”等同于上文的 elementary。 1.4【单选题】There is usually a charge for 4_. A.money B.tuition C.expense D.accommodation 参考答案：B参考解析：此题属于语意搭配题。结合上文的意思可知大学教育往往要收学费（tuition） 。选项A.money 意为“钱”；选项C.expense 一般指个人的花销；选项D.accommodation 意为“住宿” 。 1.5【单选题】going to college 5_ living away from home A.means B.implies C.lends D.suggests 参考答案：A参考解析：此题属于语意搭配题。选项A.means 意为“打算”。如：I didnt mean to hurt you.也可意为“意味着”，后面跟名词、 动名词或从句。如：The red light means “stop”.选项B.implies 意为“暗示；（必须）包括”。如：Rights imply duties.（享受）权利必然意味着履行义务。上大学往往要离开家生活，如果选用选项B 的话语气太强，故选项A 更恰当。选项C.lends 意为“借”；选项D.suggests 意为“建议；暗示”，这两个选项都不符合题意。 1.6【单选题】can be done by a student who finds that he must help to 6_ A.support B.provide C.earn D.finance 参考答案：D参考解析：此题属于词意搭配题。选项D.finance 表示“资助；筹措资金”。如：The fund has been used largely to finance the construction of federal prisons.整篇文章谈论的是大学生如何筹措资金来上学的问题，因此选项D.finance 为正确答案。选项A.support 表示“支持；供养”，虽然在语法上正确，但在表达“资助自 己上学”时弱于 finance，用在此处不贴合文意。选项B.provide 表示“提供”，选项C.earn 表示“赚得”，均不符合题意。 1.7【单选题】himself if he is to7_ A.expand B.finish C.extend D.stop 参考答案：C参考解析：此题属于语意搭配题。选项C.extend 意为延伸，扩展；扩充，含“向前推进”之意。如：The road extends to the forest.又如：My duties at the school extend beyond just teaching.下文中的 beyond high school 说明学习没有停止（即选项D.stop）或结束（即选项B.finish），而是继续向前发展，故 C 符合文意。选项A.expand 意为“（向各个方向）伸展，扩大”。如：A ballon expands as it is filled with air.又如：His company expanded into a big one. 1.8【单选题】his education beyond high school? There are several 8_. A.questions B.problems C.possibilities D.issues 参考答案：C参考解析：此题属于语意搭配题。上文提出问题，接下来就是解决问题的办法，这里指出有几个可能的解决办法，因此选项C.possibilities “可能的事，可能的办法”是正确答案。选项A.questions，选项B.problems 和选项D.issues 都是“问题”的意思。 1.9【单选题】These are usually 9_ partly on the basis of high grades. A.got B.forced C.given D.retained 参考答案：C参考解析：此题属于语意搭配题。These 指代上文的 scholarships（奖学金），按照思维逻辑此处应是“颁发”。若用选项A.got，则与后面的 on the basis of high grades 不符合。故选 C.given。选项B.forced 意为“强迫”。选项D.retained 意为“保存，保持”。如：They retain old customs. 1.10【单选题】10_ the day-to-day work in high school may be very important for determining ones A.Because B.Though C.However D.Therefore 参考答案：D参考解析：此题属于语篇连接题。 奖学金通常以高中成绩为基础，本句讲高中的表现尤为重要，与上句应该是因果关系，是上一句的结果，故选 D.Therefore。 选项A.Because 后面跟的是原因；选项B.Though 引导让步状语从句；选项C.However 表转折时，其后一般要加逗号，而且语意不符。 1.11【单选题】11_ of help from this source. A.choices B.tendencies C.results D.chances 参考答案：D参考解析：此题属于语意搭配题。高中成绩可决定学生能否获得奖学金，选项D.chances 意为“可能性；机会”，即 possibilities 是正确答案，chance 可作可数或不可数名词。如：Does she have any chance of wing? 选项A.choices“选择”，选项B.tendencies“倾向”和选项C.results“结果”均不合文意。 1.12【单选题】Another 12_ of help is the college loan fund A.respect B.source C.direction D.aspect 参考答案：B参考解析：此题属于语意搭配题。选项B.source 意为“来源”。如：the source of information。上句中讲的的奖学金是一种经济来源，本句讲的是另一种来源助学贷款。上句中已出现提示词source，故选 B。选项A.respect 作名词时意为“尊敬，珍视；方面”。如：We have been told to show respect for our elders.又如：I cant agree with your opinion in this respect. 选项D.aspect 也可表示“方面 。如：Youve only talked about one aspect of the problem.选项C.direction意为“方向；指令” 。如：a sense of direction；又如：to follow the directions for the use of the medicine。 1.13【单选题】which is 13_ A.established B.generated C.fabricated D.integrated 参考答案：A参考解析：此题属于近义词辨析题。本句应表达的意思是 ：大学贷款是为了给应得助学贷款的学生提供贷款而创办的。选项A.established 表示“建立；创办”。如：The UN has established detailed criteria for who should be allowed to vote.故选项A.established 正确。选项B.generated 表示“产生，生成”；选项C.fabricated 表示“制造，伪造”；选项D.integrated 表示”使完整，整合”，均不合文意。 1.14【单选题】for the purpose of 14_ loans to worthy students. A.funding B.providing C.supporting D.borrowing 参考答案：B参考解析：此题属于近义词辨析题。根据文意，助学贷款设立的目的就是为应得助学贷款的学生提供贷款。providing 表示”提供，供给”，符合原文意思，故正确答案为 B.providing。选项A.funding 表示”资助”，不与 loan 连用。如：The Bush Foundation has funded a variety of faculty development programs.选项C.supporting 表示“支持，支撑” 。如：The president gave his full support to the reforms.选项D.borrowing 表示“借”，不符合英语表述。 1.15【单选题】A third plan is that of 15_ ones way through school A.working B.wandering C.finding D.walking 参考答案：A参考解析：此题属于语意搭配题。下文提到 part-time job，这是第三个经济来源，也就是勤工俭学，即work ones way，故选A.working。选项B.wandering 意为“漫步”；选项C.finding 意为“发现”，find ones way 意为“找到路，到达”；选项D.walking 意为“散步”，这三个选项都不符题意。 1.16【单选题】Work may 16_ holding a part?time job outside the college. A.cooperate B.associate C.satisfy D.involve 参考答案：D参考解析：此题属于动词词义辨析题。本句应表达的意思是 ：工作包括校外的兼职。选项D.involve 表示“包括，包含”，符合原文意思，故选项D.involve 正确。选项A.cooperate 意为“合作”；选项C.satisfy意为“满意”；选项B.associate 意为“使联合”，在语意上均讲不通。 1.17【单选题】Sometimes it means 17_ professors in laboratory work A.dealing B.coping C.assisting D.handling 参考答案：C参考解析：此题属于语意搭配题。兼职可以是帮助教授做些实验室的工作，所以选项C.assisting“帮助”是正确答案。选项A.dealing 和选项B.coping 均意为“处理”，都是不及物动词，后面都跟介词 with。选项D.handling“处理”是及物动词，但要求宾语是物。如：to handle the letters。 1.18【单选题】or office 18_ . A.routine B.ritual C.practice D.custom 参考答案：A参考解析：此题属于语意搭配题。观察四个选项，只有选项A 可与 office 搭配使用，routine 意为“例行程序，日常事务”。如：daily routine；又如：to follow ones routine。故 A 是正确答案。选项B.ritual 意为“（日常的仪式般的）惯例” 。如：the bedtime ritual of washing and brushing ones teeth；选项C.practice 作名词时，意为“习惯，惯例”。如：the practice of taking a bath in the morning；选项D.custom 意为“风俗”。如：So many countries，so many customs.（十里不同风，百里不同俗。） 1.19【单选题】Sometimes it means performing some19_ which the student body requires A.jobs B.work C.services D.profession 参考答案：C参考解析：此题属于语意搭配题。此处空格后有个定语 which the student body requires （学生团体需要的），下文列举了一些具体的服务项目，因此选项C.services（服务）最贴切，故选 C。选项A.jobs 和选项B.work 都意为“工作”；选项D.profession 意为“职业” 。 1.20【单选题】and 20_. A.others B.so C.like this D.the like 参考答案：D参考解析：此题属于习惯用法题。and the like 是习惯用法，意为“ 等等”。如：He is interested in insects，such as bees，beetles and the like.根据句意此处应意为“类似之事，等等”，故选项D 是正确答案。其余选项都没有这种用法。 译文 在毕业之后想要继续攻读学业的高中毕业生常常会面临很多大学教育学费的问题。大学教育的免费教育水平不如中小学教育那样普及。大学教育往往要收学费。此外，对于大多数学生而言，上大学意味着要离开家生活，而这是一件昂贵的事情。 那么，对于想在高中毕业后继续深造的学生而言，应该怎样才能依靠自己来筹措学费呢?有几种可能的解决办法。有时可以获得奖学金，奖学金的颁发通常是以高分为依据的，因此在高中时期每天认真学习非常重要，因为它决定了通过奖学金这个方式来获得学费资助的可能性。另一种资助来源是助学贷款。助学贷款设立的目的就是为应得助学贷款的学生提供贷款。第三种办法是勤工俭学，其中包括在校外找兼职。有时，兼职可以是帮助教授做些实验室的工作，在图书馆工作，或者处理办公室日常事务；有时也可以提供一些学生团体需要的服务，比如帮忙做好餐宴的准备工作和服务，或者是在学校商店中工作，等等。 二、阅读理解（Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosingA,B C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)）2【共享题干题】 Congressional Republicans and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau（CFPB） are clashing over a question that has implications far beyond the world of finance： How far can companies go to protect themselves from customer lawsuits? Neither side has got the answer quite right. If youve ever signed up for a credit card， youve most likely skipped through the boilerplate contracts at the center of the controversy.Theyre mostly concerned with commercial terms such as interest rates and fees.These standardized conditions facilitate trade and save everyone time and money. Increasingly， though， the agreements include something else： a clause requiring consumers to resolve disputes in private arbitration， not in court.In some markets， the practice has become so universal that customers no longer have any choice.This is troubling， because arbitrations have no juries， no rules of evidence and no straightforward method of appeal to the courts.Theyve also been known to go badly wrong. Enter the CFPB， which issued a rule earlier this month saying that financial companies cant ask consumers to sign contracts waiving their right to participate in class actions.On the face of it， this makes sense， given that such actions - which bundle numerous complaints in a single lawsuit - can be the only way for plaintiffs with limited resources to gain compensation.It would also bring the U.S.more in line with the U.K.and other European countries， where mandatory arbitration clauses are typically considered invalid. Problem is， the CFPBs solution assumes that U.S.class-action law works well， which it doesnt.Unlike most other developed countries， the U.S.lets courts award large punitive damages， doesnt require unsuccessful plaintiffs to pay defendants costs， and allows classes to include customers who havent actively agreed to participate - all of which leads to too much expensive litigation.Lawyers can end up gaining more than aggrieved customers， incurring costs that can get passed on to consumers as higher prices. What to do? Simply repealing the CFPB rule and leaving the current system in place， as Republican legislators propose， wouldnt be an improvement.The right answer starts with tort reform.Congress should make it harder to form classes on an opt-out basis， put limits on damages and lawyers fees， and let courts tell the losing side to pay the opponents legal costs. Once thats done， the CFPBs rule would work well， because thered be no good reason to force consumers away from the courts.Firms and their customers could choose the appropriate venue - be it the courts， arbitration or mediation - case by case.But the CFPB cant get to this outcome by itself.The larger problem is one that only Congress can solve. 2.1【单选题】The credit card contract is mentioned mainly to_. A.illustrate the ambiguity and uncertainty in contract language B.remind companies to protect themselves from customer lawsuits C.caution customers against the hidden traps in commercial contracts D.reveal the power imbalance between financial companies and customers 参考答案：D参考解析：第二、三段围绕“信用卡合同”展开：第二段指出正常情况下标准化合同起到方便交易的功用，第三段转而揭示最近出现的问题金融公司在合同中越来越多地要求客户放弃诉讼权利，客户几乎已经没有选择的余地。可见两段主要用信用卡事例表明金融公司和顾客之间力量的不平等，D正确。 A常识干扰，文中并未指出用语模糊不确定。B干扰来自第一段 How fa companies. customer lawsuits，但事例涉及对象为“公司是如何保护自己不陷入诉讼的”，并非是“提醒公司保护自己不陷入诉讼”。C中合同“隐藏的陷阱”（hidden traps）在文中没有体现。 2.2【单选题】It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that the CFPB aims to_. A.protect consumers， right to participate in class actions B.grant consumers the right to go to arbitration C.require arbitration clauses to be included in contracts D.compel financial companies to clarify compensation terms 参考答案：A参考解析：第四段句指出，CFPB发布规定，提出金融公司不得要求消费者签订合同、放弃参与集体诉讼的权利，A正确。 B将CFPB“反对金融公司在合同中包含强制仲裁条款（即保护消费者集体诉讼的权利）”曲解为“赋予消费者进行仲裁的权利”。C反向干扰：CFPB是“禁止”而不是“强制合同中包含”关于仲裁的条款。D中 compensation terms来自第四段句 the only way. to gain compensation，但原文指“CFPB意在借集体诉讼帮助消费者获得赔偿”，和“金融公司澄清赔偿条款”无关。 2.3【单选题】According to Paragraph 5 ， U.S.class-action law_. A.imposes high penalty on the losing party B.favors companies over customers C.makes lawyers the biggest winner D.sets expensive court filing fees 参考答案：C参考解析：第五段介绍美国的集体诉讼法内容：允许裁定巨额惩罚性赔偿；即使原告（顾客）败诉，也不需要支付被告（公司）费用；导致昂贵的诉讼、律师最终可能比受损顾客拿到更多的钱。可推知：公司可能损失惨重、顾客获益有限、律师成为最大赢家，C正确。 A弄错句 punitive damages的针对对象：受到高额惩罚的是败诉公司，而不是任何败诉方（顾客即便败诉，也不会被罚）。B反向干扰，“允许裁定巨额惩罚性赔偿、不要求败诉的原告支付被告费用、允许上诉团体包括更多的人”都是在偏向消费者、限制公司。D偷换句末概念expensive litigation（高额诉讼费）并不等同于 expensive court filing fee高额立案费：立案费只是诉讼费用的一部分，无法得知立案费多寡。 2.4【单选题】The authors attitude toward CFPBs rule is one of_. A.severe criticism B.reserved consent C.slight contempt D.full support 参考答案：B参考解析：第四段作者先肯定CFPB的规定是有道理的。第五、六段指出该规定存在问题：它的前提是美国的集体诉讼法运行良好，但实际上并不是。第六段则提出自己观点：不是废除CFPB规定，而是先改革侵权法。第七段强调，改革之后CFPB的规定就会起到良好的作用。可见B正确体现作者态度。 A和D都过于极端：作者既有肯定，也有不赞同。C有一定的干扰性，但总体立场错误：第四段句 On the face of it.第五段句 assumes that. works well, which it doesnt貌似是在奚落讽刺，但第六段 Simply repealing the CFPB rule. Wouldnt be an improvement（不应直接废除CFPB规定）以及第七段“一旦做到这些，CFPB的规定就会起到良好的作用”可知作者总体赞同CFPB规定，只是希望对其进行改良。 2.5【单选题】Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A.How to Settle the Dispute between the CFPB and Republicans. B.How to Reduce the Amount of Expensive Lawsuits. C.How to Make Lawsuit Work for Consumers. D.How to Correct the Wrongdoings of Companies. 参考答案：C参考解析：本文首先以CFPB和共和党议员的争论开篇，提出文章关注问题“公司可以采取多大力度保护自己免受顾客起诉？”随后指出现实“金融公司为了保护自己免被诉讼，在合同中要求消费者不经法院，而是以私下仲裁的方式解决纠纷”。随后则介绍CFPB就如何“保护消费者进行诉讼的权利”设立的新规。最后评价指出：即使消费者能够参与集体诉讼，但因为美国的集体诉讼法本身存在问题，所以也无法真正让消费者获益，从而提出“侵权法改革”。可见，全文焦点在于如何让法律更好地保护消费者，C正确。 A来自第一段，但CFPB和共和党人的争端只是起引入作用，而且文章对二者的交锋着墨很少，并非文章讨论的中心。B只是第五、六段有所涉及，但全文的主角并非“诉讼费用”，而是“消费者”。D来自第三段末句 Theyve also been known to go badly wrong，但此处的They指仲裁，并非指“公司”。 3【共享题干题】 The two-year degree is back.The idea of increased flexibility in higher education is， in the broadest sense， a good one.But it is a sign of how captured we have been by market-centric thinking that “flexibility”， to this government， is manifested as “squeeze the same amount into a shorter period of time to maximise your financial returns later”.The sector has undergone a “catastrophe” as part-time student numbers have collapsed； that the governments response is a degree format - the polar opposite of part?time -is indicative of its approach to governance in general. For most demographics wh