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2023年职称英语理工类C级考试真题
一、 词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)
1、I tried to detach myself from the reality of these terrible events.
A bring B put C separate D set
2、The odd thing was that he didn't recognize me.
A real B strange C whole D same
3、That performance was pretty impressive.
A very B completely C beautifully D equally
4、 I grabbed his arm and made him turn to look at me.
A threw B broke C stretched D seized
5、 The frame needs to be strong enough to support the engine.
A bottom B structure C surface D top
6、We found shelter from the rain under the trees.
A defense B standing C protection D room
7、”There is no other choice”,she said in a harsh voice.
A unkind B firm C soft D deep
8、Traffic reaches its rush hour between 8:00 and 9:00 in the morning.
A border B goal C level D peak
9、We have to change the public's perception that money is everything.
A sight B interest C belief D pressure
10、This was an unexceptionally brutal attack.
A open B cruel C sudden D direct
11、She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.
A passed by B took a notice of C woke up D found by chance
12、It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already.
A right B obvious C unbelievable D unclear
13、He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.
A attracted B taught C kept D changed
14、She gets aggressive when she is drunk.
A worried B offensive C sleepy D anxious
15、I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.
A at B with C about D from
二、 阅读判断(第16-22题，每题 1分，共7分)
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker (修补)with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices. “They’re the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist, a person who designs, builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved — cars, trains, animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later, in high school, he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots, he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Choset’s labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars： robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward, backward, left and right. But snakes can twist (扭曲)in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain (地形). “Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,” Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots. Choset’s team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes, such as sliding and inching forward. The robots aiso moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as roiling. Choset’s snake robots could crawl (爬行) through the grass, swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries, the doctor has to open a patient’s chest, cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati, a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School, to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations, “I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots," Choset says.
16 Choset began to build robots in high school.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 Snake robots could move in only four directions.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18 Choset didn’t begin developing his own snake robots until he started working at Carnegie Mellon,
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 Choset’s snake robots could make more movements than the ones others developed.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 The application of a thin robotic snake makes heart surgeries iess time-consuming.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 Zenati tested the robot on people after using it in pigs.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 The robotic technology for surgeries on people has brought a handsome profit to Medrobotics.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
三、 概括大意与完毕句子(第23-30题，每题1分，共8分)
Ecosystem
1 The word “ecosystem” is short for ecological (生态旳)system. An ecosystem is where living creatures expand within a given area. You can say that an ecosystem is the natural environment where biological organisms (生物)such as plants, animals and humans co-exist in this world. So naturally that includes you and me. Yes, we are all members of an ecosystem!
2 There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of surface or environment. Most are naturally made such as the ocean or lake and the desert or rainforest. Some are man-made or artificial to encourage co-habitation (共居)between living and non-living things in a monitored environment, such as a zoo or garden.
3 Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem, and that’s because they are the natural food producers for everyone. Plants raised in the earth need air and collect sunlight to help them grow. When they grow, the plants and Its fruits or flowers eventually become a source of food to animals, microorganisms (微生物)and even humans, of course. Food is then converted to energy for the rest of us to function, and this happens in a never-ending cycle until the living creatures die and break up back in the earth.
4 Ecosystems are the basis of survival for all living things. We depend on plants and animals for food. In order for us to exist, we need to grow and care about other organisms. We also need to care for the non-living things within our environment like our air and water so we can continue living as a population. Since plants, animals and humans are all of various species (物种),we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.
5 To preserve our ecosystems, we should stop using too much energy, which happens when we consume more than our share of resources. Humans should not disturb the natural habitat (栖息地)of plants and animals, and allow them to grow healthily for the cycle to continue. Too many people in a habitat can mean displacement (搬迁): imagine being thrown out of your home because there is no more space for everyone. Worse, overpopulation can also ruin the environment and cause destruction of existing plants and animals.
23 Paragraph 2
24 Paragraph 3
25 Paragraph 4
26 Paragraph 5
A What is an ecosystem?
B How does an ecosystem work?
C Why are ecosystems important?
D What are different types of ecosystems?
E What can we do to help protect ecosystems?
F What destroys ecosystems?
27 in an ecosystem, plants, animals and humans live together in
28 Plants are essential in an ecosystem because to other living creatures they are
29 Plants, animals and humans are all effective in
30 To protect our ecosystems we should not use more than
A a given area
B the source of food
C various species
D a biological creature
E our share of resources
F the maintenance of the ecosystem
四、 阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共46分)
第一篇
When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach
Our senses aren't just delivering a strict view of what’s going on in the world; they’re affected by what’s going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who’ve just eaten.
Psychologists have known for decades that what’s going on inside our heads affects our senses. For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter. Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, France, wanted to investigate how this happens. Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain’s high-level thinking processes get involved?
Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass (质量)index. On the day of his or her test, each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes; others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten.
For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one, 80 words flashed on the screen for about 1/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food- related. After each word, each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they’d seen —- a food-related word like cake or a neutral (中性旳)word like boat, Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it.
Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food-related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception, not in thinking processes，Radel says.
“This is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive (奋斗)for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal (处理)of our motives (动机)and needs,” Radel says.
31 “Poorer children” and “hungry people” are mentioned in Paragraph 2 to show
A they have sharper senses than others.
B they lose their senses because of poverty and hunger.
C humans' senses are affected by what they see with their eyes.
D humans，senses are influenced by what’s going on in their heads.
32 There was a delay In Raders experiment because
A he needed more students to join.
B he didn’t prepare enough food for the 42 students.
C he wanted two groups of participants, hungry and non-hungry.
D he didn’t want to have the experiment at noon.
33 Why did the 80 words flash so fast and at so small a size on the screen?
A To make sure the participant had no time to think consciously
B To ensure the participant was unable to perceive anything.
C To guarantee each word came out at the same speed and size.
D To shorten the time of the experiment
34 Radel’s experiment discovered that hungry people
A were better at identifying neutral words.
B were always thinking of food-related words.
C saw every word more clearly than stomach-full people.
D were more sensitive to food-related words than stomach-full people.
35 It can be learnt from what Radel says that
A humans’ thinking processes are independent of their senses.
B humans can perceive what they need without deep thinking processes.
C an experiment with hungry and non-hungry participants is not reliable.
D 42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation.
第二篇
The Development of Ballet
Ballet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed
Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance. At that time it became common for kings and queens，as well as other nobility (贵族)，to participate in pageants that included music，poetry, and dance. As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones, court ladies began participating in them. Though their long dresses prevented much movement, they were able to perform elaborate (复杂旳)walking patterns. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts, changed to flat shoes，and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men.
It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the Sate 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs (假发)and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they were floating.
Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians remained interested in ballet when it declined in other European countries in the mid-1800s. One of the most influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev. His dance company, the Ballets Russes, brought a new energy and excitement to ballet, One of his chief assistants, George Balanchine, went on to found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers.
36 This passage deals mainly with
A famous names in ballet.
B Russian ballet
C how ballet has developed
D why ballet is no longer popular
37 The word “pageants” in Paragraph 2 means
A dances
B instructions
C royal courts
D big shows
38 Professional ballet was first performed in
A Italy
B France
C Russia
D America
39 Who had an important influence on early ballet?
A Balanchine.
B Antoinette.
C Dlaghilev.
D Louis XIV.
40 Can conclude from this passage that ballet
A is a dying art.
B will continue to change.
C is currently performed only in Russia.
D is often performed by dancers with little training.
第三篇
Energy and Public Lands
The United States boasts substantial energy resources. Federal lands provide a good deal of US energy production; the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing (租赁)，both on land and on the offshore Outer Continental Shelf. Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total annual US energy production.
In 2023，32 percent of US oil, 35 percent of natural gas, and 37 percent of coal were produced from federal lands, representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases. Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.
Revenues from federal oil, gas, and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as State governments. In 1999，for example, $553 million In oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury, and non-Indian coal leases accounted for over $304 million in revenues, of which 50 percent were paid to State governments. Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery. Each year, federal land managers authorize (许可)rights of way for transmission lines, rail systems, pipelines, and other facilit
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