七选五阅读技巧之代词.pptx

“七选五七选五”阅读技巧之阅读技巧之 代词代词 NO.3 关注句子结构及段落层次关注句子结构及段落层次 英语中的说明文和议论文段落之间经常使用相同或相似的句式结构，即每个段落的首句所用的句式相英语中的说明文和议论文段落之间经常使用相同或相似的句式结构，即每个段落的首句所用的句式相同，其中一同，其中一个为疑问句，则下面几段均用疑问句，其中一个用祈使句，下面几段亦用祈使句。同时，在段个为疑问句，则下面几段均用疑问句，其中一个用祈使句，下面几段亦用祈使句。同时，在段落内部句子与句子之间经常使用类似于排比句的形式来阐述同一个内容。落内部句子与句子之间经常使用类似于排比句的形式来阐述同一个内容。典例典例3 Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady,gradual increases in the length of the runs._16_，buy the bestfitting,bestbuilt running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet,so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right,walk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit._ 17_.As always,you should stretch(伸展伸展)at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.NO.4 利用空格所处的位置利用空格所处的位置 在掌握以上三种解题策略的基础上，关注文章挖空所在的位置以及空格在在掌握以上三种解题策略的基础上，关注文章挖空所在的位置以及空格在 不同位置的特点会使解题更不同位置的特点会使解题更加准确。加准确。1空格位置在段首空格位置在段首 位于段首的一般是主题句或承上启下类的句子，着重阅读挖空后面的第一、二句，确定相关信息，然位于段首的一般是主题句或承上启下类的句子，着重阅读挖空后面的第一、二句，确定相关信息，然后在选项中查找与之相关的内容。后在选项中查找与之相关的内容。典例典例4 If you feel depressed,its best to do something about it depression doesnt just go away on its own.In addition to getting help from a doctor or counselor,here are four things you can do to feel better.Exercise.Take a 1530 minutes walk every dayor dance,jog,or bike if you prefer.People who are depressed may not feel much like being active._36_ Once you get in the exercise habit,it wont take long to notice a difference in your mood.6.6.技巧点拨技巧点拨【2 2】“通读全文、详读段落、定位选项、通读复检、确定排除通读全文、详读段落、定位选项、通读复检、确定排除”五步骤解题法。五步骤解题法。步骤步骤过程过程目的目的12 快速浏览文章快速浏览文章，要注意文要注意文章的开始与结束段落章的开始与结束段落，尤尤其是文章的首段其是文章的首段(开门见开门见山山)及末段及末段(结尾总结结尾总结)。找到主题句找到主题句，把握把握文章结构特点及主文章结构特点及主要内容。要内容。仔细阅读各个段落仔细阅读各个段落,在短时在短时间内圈定线索词间内圈定线索词,并找出每并找出每段写作内容的关键词。段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或明确各段的主题句或主旨大意主旨大意，为整体试为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。题的解决做好铺垫。步骤步骤过程过程目的目的3 明确选项含义明确选项含义，抓住关键词抓住关键词语语，筛选选项填入文中筛选选项填入文中，注注意句中的衔接标志词。特别意句中的衔接标志词。特别提醒：检查文章内容是否完提醒：检查文章内容是否完整整，语意是否连贯合理语意是否连贯合理，段段落内容是否紧扣主题落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路写作思路是否清晰明了是否清晰明了，格式以及用格式以及用语是否恰当贴切。语是否恰当贴切。确保文章的写作线确保文章的写作线索、写作思路的连索、写作思路的连贯贯，使文章的每个使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为至每个短语均融为一个有机的整体。一个有机的整体。防止文章写作线索防止文章写作线索中断或前后矛盾。中断或前后矛盾。步骤步骤过程过程目的目的4 5 将所选答案代入文中将所选答案代入文中，通读通读全文全文，再次检查文章内容是再次检查文章内容是否完整否完整，语意是否连贯合理语意是否连贯合理,各段落内容是否紧扣主题各段落内容是否紧扣主题,语语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思写作思路是否清晰明了路是否清晰明了，格式以及格式以及用语是否恰当贴切。用语是否恰当贴切。判断和确定选择判断和确定选择的答案是否正确的答案是否正确,尤其通过认真分尤其通过认真分析、仔细甄别、析、仔细甄别、排除强干扰项得排除强干扰项得出正确选项。出正确选项。检查完之后检查完之后，应再次查看所应再次查看所排除选项排除选项，进一步确定排除进一步确定排除理由。理由。防止造成易混选防止造成易混选项的误选。项的误选。解答七选五题目时，首先要快速阅读全文，重点注意首解答七选五题目时，首先要快速阅读全文，重点注意首尾段、首尾句以及独立成段的句子和文章中带转折词的句子，尾段、首尾句以及独立成段的句子和文章中带转折词的句子，目的是掌握文章的主要内容。但是由于文章空缺了五处，而目的是掌握文章的主要内容。但是由于文章空缺了五处，而且有的地方空缺的是几句话甚至是一整段，文章的整个结构且有的地方空缺的是几句话甚至是一整段，文章的整个结构和逻辑是被打断了的，考生在短时间内掌握文章要点或逻辑和逻辑是被打断了的，考生在短时间内掌握文章要点或逻辑思路是很困难的。对此，考生可以通过关注文章挖空所在的思路是很困难的。对此，考生可以通过关注文章挖空所在的位置，利用相应的策略来找到适当的选项回填入文。位置，利用相应的策略来找到适当的选项回填入文。通过总结近几年的全国卷可以看出，七选五命题的焦点位置通过总结近几年的全国卷可以看出，七选五命题的焦点位置首选段中，出现频率最高，其次是段首，然后是段尾。首选段中，出现频率最高，其次是段首，然后是段尾。焦点位置焦点位置1：段中：段中挖空位置如果在段中，则所填句子的含义应与前句、后句保挖空位置如果在段中，则所填句子的含义应与前句、后句保持一致。因此，考生在做题时要学会瞻前顾后，关注体现出持一致。因此，考生在做题时要学会瞻前顾后，关注体现出的前后逻辑关系和语意。再细分一下，常见的有两类考查方的前后逻辑关系和语意。再细分一下，常见的有两类考查方式：式：(1)无关联词类：无关联词类：无法依据个别关键词，只能依据前后完整的无法依据个别关键词，只能依据前后完整的语境和句意推断出合理的答案选项。语境和句意推断出合理的答案选项。Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences._ Trust is a risk.But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.ALearn to really trust yourself.BIt is putting confidence in someone.CStop regarding yourself as the victim.DRemember that you can expect the best in return.ETheyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.BFThis knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.GSeeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.【解析】第一句【解析】第一句Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.(信任是我们从以往经历中获得的习信任是我们从以往经历中获得的习得行为。得行为。)是对是对trust的解释。选项的解释。选项B中的中的it指代上文出现的指代上文出现的trust，并且继续解释并且继续解释trust的含义：的含义：putting confidence in someone(对某人寄托信任对某人寄托信任)，故选故选B项。注意：选项项。注意：选项B与第一与第一句为顺承关系。句为顺承关系。(2)有关联词类：有关联词类：通过一些关键的关联词汇，可以推断出所填通过一些关键的关联词汇，可以推断出所填空是强调递进关系、转折关系还是因果关系等。凭借一些体空是强调递进关系、转折关系还是因果关系等。凭借一些体现前后句逻辑关系的关联词，来突破思维局限，突现现前后句逻辑关系的关联词，来突破思维局限，突现“枯木枯木逢春逢春”之景。之景。递进关系：递进关系：also，in addition，whats more，for example，in other words，second，besides等。等。One is the establishment(制定制定)of broad basic policies with respect to production；sales；the purchase of equipment，materials and supplies；and accounting._The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments.AControl includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.BIn this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.GCExamples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.DHowever，some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.EPlanning in business management has three main aspects.FIn the theory of business management，organization has two main aspects.GThe second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.【解析】结合前面提到的【解析】结合前面提到的One和后面提到的和后面提到的The third，可知这里是第二可知这里是第二条条，与，与G项中的项中的The second可以联系起来。可以联系起来。转折关系：转折关系：but，however，yet，otherwise，on the other hand，on the contrary，in spite of等。等。Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses(隐形隐形眼镜眼镜)Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight.While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses，many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk._Otherwise，you may have problems such as red eyes，pain in the eyes，or a more serious condition.AEat your greens.BEye care should begin early in life.CThey can properly protect your eyes.FDStay in good shape by taking more vitamins.EParents usually dont care about their own eyesight.FAlways follow the doctors advice for appropriate wear.GThis frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.【解析】【解析】knowhow类说明文中类说明文中otherwise前面往往都要前面往往都要交代做法交代做法，多用祈使句形式。本段的主旨句部分中又出现了多用祈使句形式。本段的主旨句部分中又出现了safe wear这一关键词这一关键词，据此不难判断出正确答案为据此不难判断出正确答案为F。因果关系：因果关系：why，because，so，for this reason，thus，for，as，since，therefore，as a result等。等。Unfortunately，weve all been victims of betrayal.Whether weve been stolen from，lied to，misled，or cheated on，there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore._ Its understandable，but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again，we have some steps you can take to get you there.ALearn to really trust yourself.BIt is putting confidence in someone.CStop regarding yourself as the victim.DRemember that you can expect the best in return.EETheyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.FThis knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.GSeeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.【解析】选项【解析】选项E与上文能形成因果关系。与上文能形成因果关系。Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.(他他们曾经受过严重伤害们曾经受过严重伤害，不能容忍这种事情再次发生。不能容忍这种事情再次发生。)是上一是上一句句Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore.(有时候有时候人们就是不能再信任别人。人们就是不能再信任别人。)的原因。并且与下一句的原因。并且与下一句Its understandable.(这是可以理解的这是可以理解的)有顺承关系。有顺承关系。焦点位置焦点位置2：段首：段首 (1)通常是段落主题句。通常是段落主题句。认真阅读空格后内容，考生应该会认真阅读空格后内容，考生应该会发发现，通常情况下段落的中心都会出现在本段的开头部分。因现，通常情况下段落的中心都会出现在本段的开头部分。因此可以根据段落一致性原则，推断出该段的主题句。这对考此可以根据段落一致性原则，推断出该段的主题句。这对考生把握本段和理解全文是有指导性意义的。生把握本段和理解全文是有指导性意义的。(2)关注与后文的关系。关注与后文的关系。着重阅读挖空后面的第一、二句，确着重阅读挖空后面的第一、二句，确定相关信息词，然后在选项中查找与之相关的内容。阅读时定相关信息词，然后在选项中查找与之相关的内容。阅读时要学会瞻前顾后，以确定答案。要学会瞻前顾后，以确定答案。_ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your wellbeing._ If youve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a“victim mentality”At some point in all of our lives，well have our trust tested or violated.ALearn to really trust yourself.BIt is putting confidence in someone.CStop regarding yourself as the victim.ACDRemember that you can expect the best in return.ETheyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.FThis knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.GSeeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.38【解析】空格位于段首【解析】空格位于段首，根据文章结构分析根据文章结构分析，极有可，极有可能是祈使句。并且选项能是祈使句。并且选项A.Learn to really trust yourself.(学学会真正信任你自己。会真正信任你自己。)与空格后的与空格后的Having confidence in yourself形成同义复现。形成同义复现。trust yourself相当于相当于have confidence in yourself。39【解析】空格位于段首【解析】空格位于段首，根据文章结构分析根据文章结构分析，极有可极有可能是祈使句。下文中能是祈使句。下文中If youve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a“victim mentality”(如果你遭遇了背叛如果你遭遇了背叛，那么你就成为客观环境的那么你就成为客观环境的受害者。但是成为受害者与以受害者。但是成为受害者与以“受害者的心态受害者的心态”活着是有区活着是有区别的。别的。)反复出现反复出现victim一词一词，而选项而选项C中的关键词也为中的关键词也为victim，形成原词复现。选项形成原词复现。选项 CStop regarding yourself as the victim.(不要把自己当作受害者。不要把自己当作受害者。)起到总起本段的作起到总起本段的作用。用。焦点位置焦点位置3：段尾：段尾 (1)直接承接逻辑类：直接承接逻辑类：Commonly called nonprofits,these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers._AControl includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.BIn this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.CExamples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.CDHowever，some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.EPlanning in business management has three main aspects.FIn the theory of business management，organization has two main aspects.GThe second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.【解析】空格前面提到了【解析】空格前面提到了nonprofits，这与这与C项中的对于项中的对于nonprofit businesses 进行的举例说明有着密切的联系。进行的举例说明有着密切的联系。(2)段落总结收尾类：段落总结收尾类：通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的关联词。中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的关联词。These steps arent magic,but they do work.And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time,youll help yourself feel better even faster._AAsk for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.BNotice your friends feelings and find a way to help them.CDifferent people feel stress in different ways.DAh,it feels so good when the stress is gone.DEYou need to figure out what the problem is.FAnd dont forget about your friends.GThen,find a way to calm down.【解析】该空位于全文的结尾处【解析】该空位于全文的结尾处，应该是有关结论方面的应该是有关结论方面的内容。空格前面说内容。空格前面说，如果你在渡过困难的过程中保持积极乐如果你在渡过困难的过程中保持积极乐观的态度观的态度，你就会更快地帮助自己感觉更好。你就会更快地帮助自己感觉更好。feel better和和D项的项的feels so good也是相对应的。也是相对应的。总结最近几年的全国卷可以看出总结最近几年的全国卷可以看出，七选五的文章体裁以七选五的文章体裁以说明文为主说明文为主，这类体裁适合考查过渡句、主题句等这类体裁适合考查过渡句、主题句等，能综合能综合考查考生的阅读能力考查考生的阅读能力，这是需要考生集中狂练的热点体裁！这是需要考生集中狂练的热点体裁！但是命题组的高考命题创新思维也可能会在体裁的选择上有但是命题组的高考命题创新思维也可能会在体裁的选择上有一定的灵活体现一定的灵活体现，所以也需要考生对于所以也需要考生对于“偏冷偏冷”的议论文和的议论文和记叙文类做一定的训练准备记叙文类做一定的训练准备，以防以防“爆冷爆冷”的出现！希望考的出现！希望考生能够在多样话题、多样体裁方面做到充分备考！生能够在多样话题、多样体裁方面做到充分备考！ABuilding Trust in a Relationship AgainTrust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.1._ Trust is a risk.But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.B Unfortunately，weve all been victims of betrayal.Whether weve been stolen from，lied to，misled，or cheated on，there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore.2._ Its understandable，but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again，we have some steps you can take to get you there.3._ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your wellbeing.EA4._ If youve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a“victim mentality”At some point in all of our lives，well have our trust tested or violated.You didnt lose“everything”Once trust is lost，what is left？Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.5._ Instead，its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.CGALearn to really trust yourself.BIt is putting confidence in someone.CStop regarding yourself as the victim.DRemember that you can expect the best in return.ETheyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.FThis knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.GSeeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了人们在遭受背叛和欺骗后如本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了人们在遭受背叛和欺骗后如何重建信任。何重建信任。1解析：第一句解析：第一句Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.(信任是我们从以往经历中获得的习信任是我们从以往经历中获得的习得行为。得行为。)是对是对trust的解释。选项的解释。选项B中的中的it指代上文出现的指代上文出现的trust，并且继续解释并且继续解释trust的含义：的含义：putting confidence in someone(对某人寄托信任对某人寄托信任)，故选故选B项。注意：选项项。注意：选项B与第一与第一句为顺承关系。句为顺承关系。2解析：选项解析：选项E与上文能形成因果关系。与上文能形成因果关系。Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.(他他们曾经受过严重伤害们曾经受过严重伤害，不能容忍这种事情再次发生。不能容忍这种事情再次发生。)是上一是上一句句Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore.(有时候有时候人们就是不能再信任别人。人们就是不能再信任别人。)的原因。并且与下一句的原因。并且与下一句Its understandable.(这是可以理解的这是可以理解的)有顺承关系。有顺承关系。3解析：空格位于段首解析：空格位于段首，根据文章结构分析根据文章结构分析，极有可能是祈使句。并且选项极有可能是祈使句。并且选项A.Learn to really trust yourself.(学会真正信任你自己。学会真正信任你自己。)与空格后的与空格后的Having confidence in yourself形成同义复现。形成同义复现。trust yourself相当于相当于have confidence in yourself。4解析：空格位于段首解析：空格位于段首，根据文章结构分析根据文章结构分析，极有可能是祈使句。下文中极有可能是祈使句。下文中If youve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a“victim mentality”(如果你遭遇了背如果你遭遇了背叛叛，那么你就成为客观环境的受害者。但是成为受害者与以那么你就成为客观环境的受害者。但是成为受害者与以“受害者的心态受害者的心态”活着是有区别的。活着是有区别的。)反复出现反复出现victim一词一词，而选项而选项C中的关中的关键词也为键词也为victim，形成原词复现。选项形成原词复现。选项 C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.(不要把自己当作受害者。不要把自己当作受害者。)起到总起本段的作用。起到总起本段的作用。5解析：解析：Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.(看到事情的积极方面并不看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的事情视而不见。意味着你对发生的事情视而不见。)与下一句与下一句Instead，its a healthy way.for positive.(相反，这是一个健康的方式相反，这是一个健康的方式)形成转折关系。并且选项中的形成转折关系。并且选项中的positive与下文的与下文的positive形成原词复现。形成原词复现。B Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs.1._，buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit.2._As always，you should stretch(伸展伸展)at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.CEDuring the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day.3._，it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per r