林黛玉翻译分析解析.pptx

花谢花飞花满天 红消香断有谁怜Objectives：Know the translation of the title”红楼梦”A brief introduction of Daiyu LinAnalyze Daiyus character from her poems Different versions of the poems Daiyu composedMajor comments on Daiyu 作者在第五回里交待得很明白,它是太虚幻境警幻仙姑新填的十二支仙曲(不算引子和收尾)的总称。这些曲子暗喻故事中十二位女主人公(即金陵十二钗)的命运,“红楼”实际主要就是指这十二位女子。由于她们的命运构成了整个这部书故事情节的主线,所以甲戌本“凡例”说“红楼梦是总其全部之名也”“红楼”的不可译就在于,它的字面意义是红色的楼,隐含意义是华美的房子、富家女子的住处(见辞海红楼条)、闺阁,比喻意义是住在这样房子里的女子。由于英语里没有与“红楼”完全对应的词,不论Red Chamber还是Red Mansions,都无法在不丧失“红楼”字面意义的同时准确传达出其隐含和比喻意义。到底什么是“红楼梦”?*Hung Lau Mung or Dreams in the Red*Chamber(Gutzlaff 1842)*The Dreams of the Red Chamber(Thom1842)*The Dream of the Red Chamber(Bowra1868)*Tale of a Rock(杨宪益和戴乃迭1885)*Dream of the Red Chamber(Wang(王际真)1929,1958)*The Red Chamber Dream(吴世昌 1961)*A Dream of Red Mansions(Hawkes 1973)*A Red-Chamber Dream(黄龙1986)不同时代的不同译本十二钗之冠林黛玉 黛玉是红楼梦中的女主角之一。她是老太君贾母的外孙女，字颦颦，海棠诗社别号潇湘妃子，在大观园中是住在潇湘馆。黛玉祖籍姑苏，生于扬州，她极工诗词，所作之诗皆文笔与意趣俱佳，故有才女之称。在红楼梦中，她是“清水出芙蓉，天然去雕饰”的代表，如果说宝钗是以“德”取胜的话，那么黛玉就是以“才”取胜的了，她的诗词才华在她所作的桃花行、五美吟、葬花吟等诗词和红楼梦第27回和76回中有关林黛玉的诗论中得到了充分的体现。但她身体羸弱，聪明伶俐，嫉妒心强，小说开篇就给贾宝玉、林黛玉赋予了神话的色彩，贾宝玉是神瑛侍者下凡，林黛玉是绛珠仙子下凡。Introduction Lin Daiyu(also spelled Lin Tai-yu,Chinese:林黛玉;Pinyin:Ln Diy)is one of the principal characters of Cao Xueqins classic Chinese novel Dream of the Red Chamber.She is portrayed as a well-educated,intelligent and beautiful young woman.The romance between Daiyu and Jia Baoyu forms one of the main threads of the book.Her sentimental character has impressed many people in the world.Life Born to a Suzhou scholar-official,Lin Ruhai,and Lady Jia Min of the Rongguo house,Daiyu was raised by her parents in her familys mansion in nearby Yangzhou,where she received an excellent education.She had a natural affinity for literature and has learned exceptionally well.Her childhood tutor was Jia Yucun(贾雨村).During her childhood,a Buddhist monk once proposed to take her away to save her from a tragic fate.This was of course,rejected.Having a naturally weak constitution she has been taking medicine and tonic from a very young age,and this resulted in her somewhat willowy build and ethereal beauty.At the age of six Daiyu lost her mother;shortly after she is summoned to the capital to be with her maternal grandmother,the powerful Jia Clan matriarch,Grandmother Jia.She immediately bonds with Jia Baoyu,her maternal cousin and her grandmothers favorite,and with the many girl cousins in the house.Daiyus father dies a few years after her entry into the Rongguo House,leaving her a complete orphan.She is one of Grandmother Jias most doted grandchildren.Daiyu is an emotional girl,prone to extreme mood swings and melancholic spells.She is described as having been sickly since childhood;indeed,when she is first introduced,a couplet describes her with a heart like Bi Gans,yet even more intelligent;and with an illness like Xi Zi,yet even more beautiful.Her disposition to frowning leads Baoyu to give her the courtesy name of Pinpin(颦颦)or Frowner(or Brow-Bender),when they first meet.简析霍译中的林黛玉一、美人不美 在原著中，林黛玉有“敏慧的资质，秀逸的气格，率真的天性，卓异的才华，高洁的情操，娴雅的风度，空灵变幻的美和难以捉摸的态。”林黛玉是一个有着极强魅力的艺术形象，其宛如仙子。f f两弯似蹙非蹙笼烟眉，一双似喜非喜含情目。态生两靥之愁，娇袭一身之病。泪光点点，娇喘微微。娴静时如姣花照水，动处似弱柳扶风。心较比干多一窍，病如西子胜三分。如此一位灵秀袅娜、轻灵俊逸的古代少女令人惊叹，她的娇弱、病态之美也越发惹人怜惜。f霍克斯的英译版中做了如此翻译:Her mist-wreathed brows at first seemed to frown，yet were not frowning，her passionate eyes at first seemed to smile，yet were not to merry.Habit had given a melancholy cast to her tender face.fPassionate 有四个含义:1，多情的;2，易激怒的，性情暴躁 的;3，热 情 的，热 烈 的;4，被情欲所支配的。显然，Passionate 一词并不能准确描写黛玉温柔而多情的目光，甚至有可能使译本读者误认为黛玉的目光不仅多情，而且热情、热烈。黛玉的性格不只多情，而且性情暴躁，被情欲所支配。此外，就在第三回中，另有一处黛玉外貌描写:黛玉年貌虽小，其举止言谈不俗，身体面庞虽怯弱不胜，确有一段自然的风流态度，便知她有不足之症。在霍克斯的英译版中译道:They also noticed the frail body which seemed scarcely strong enough to bear the weight of its clothes.Frail 有两层含义:1，脆弱的;易损的，虚弱的，2，意志薄弱的，易被引诱的。词语的多义性使读者易产生误解:除了认为黛玉身体虚弱以外，还认为她的意志薄弱，易被引诱。黛玉美丽的形象极易在译文读者脑海中发生裂变。事实上，黛玉不仅外貌娇美，行动起来也颇有一番韵味:正所谓“娴静时如姣花照水，行动处似弱柳扶风”。黛玉的顾盼流转，娇音软语，一颦一笑，一举一动都无不令人赞叹。然而从英译版中我们却对黛玉的美产生了质疑。在书中二十八回中写道:只见黛玉蹬着门槛子，嘴里咬着绢子笑呢!在霍克斯的英译版中译道:But Dai-yu was standing on the threshold，biting a corner of her handkerchief，convulsed with silent laughter.Convulse 有两层含义:1，使剧烈震动，摇动;2，使痉挛，使抽搐。当黛玉看着心上人宝玉盯着宝钗愣愣地看时，她内心既有一些酸味，同时也因为宝玉的傻模样而暗暗发笑。原文为读者呈现出的黛玉是一个陷入爱河的多情而可爱的少女。译文中用“使剧烈震动”“使痉挛，抽搐”来描写黛玉咬着绢子笑的动作却丝毫没有美感可言，倒使人深感几分寒意。二、静者不静 寄人篱下的命运使年幼的黛玉逐渐形成了忧郁而安静的性格特点。即使在她所居住的潇湘馆也处处流淌着清幽安静的诗情画意。潇湘馆里的翠竹“竿竿青欲滴，个个绿生凉”，黛玉也过着“宝鼎茶闲烟尚绿，幽窗棋罢指犹凉”的幽静生活。当贾宝玉走进“凤尾森森，龙吟细细”的潇湘馆，只见“湘帘垂地，悄无人声”，有“一缕幽香，从碧纱窗中暗暗透出”。我们仿佛可以跟随宝玉，看到林黛玉岑寂的灵魂。不仅如此，安静优雅的黛玉即使在行动时也是裙裾轻摇，弱柳扶风。在原文第八回中，有一段林黛玉的描写:一 语未了，忽听外面人说:“林姑娘来了。”说犹未了，林黛玉已摇摇摆摆的走进来。然而我们从霍克斯的翻译中却很难体悟到黛玉的优雅安静。霍译为：Just at that moment the servants outside announced“Miss Lin”and almost simultaneously Dai-yu came flouncing into the room.Flounce 有三个含义:1，跳动，暴跳;2，肢体乱动;3，毅然离开。林黛玉摇摇摆摆的走进来与她娇弱的身体和安静内向的性格是相一致的。古代淑女讲究行不移裙，笑不露齿。但译文中却将“摇摇摆摆”的黛玉译为“蹦蹦跳跳”的黛玉，如此一来留给读者的是一个活泼、可爱、欢快的人物形象。我们印象中安静优雅的黛玉形象消失了。黛玉的安静也体现在她最具代表性的动作“哭”上。实际上黛玉形象中，最为突出的特点也正是“泪”。黛玉的哭在整本红楼梦中也自成一格:多半是无声之泣，默默流泪，表现出古代贵族少女温婉安静的形象来。但是在霍克斯的英译版中，黛玉的哭却呈现出另一番景象。如第五回中:“黛玉又气的独在房中垂泪。”霍克斯译道:with Dai-yu crying alone in her room.在第二十六回中，对“黛玉哭道”翻译为:Dai-yu began to cry 最为夸张的是在第三回用 cry her eyes out来翻译“黛玉哭个不住”。Cry 一词做不及物动词时有两个含义:1，大声哭;2，叫喊。Cry her eyes out 从字面上翻译为:把眼珠子都哭出来，可翻译为嚎啕大哭。译文所形成的黛玉形象与默默流泪、独自垂泪的黛玉形象可谓相去甚远。它不仅不能表现黛玉作为古代贵族少女的温婉安静，反而表现为直率泼辣。三、弱者不弱三、弱者不弱 这里所说的“弱”并非意指“懦弱”而是指“娇弱”。黛玉无疑是娇弱的，只那一双哀婉的眼眸，纵使铁石心肠的人也难免从暗中滋生出几分疼惜之情。在原文第二十六回中，探望宝玉的黛玉被晴雯拒之门外越想越觉伤感，“便也不顾苍苔露冷，花径风寒，独立墙角边花阴之下，悲悲切切，呜咽起来。”这黑暗中的悲戚之声连附近柳枝花朵上的宿鸟栖鸦都不忍再听，纷纷飞起，远远躲避。如此“落花满地鸟惊飞”的娇弱姿态极易令读者产生我见犹怜的疼爱之情。然而在英译版中的黛玉却显得并不娇弱，反而有些野蛮而强悍。原文第五回中，描写黛玉:这里黛玉越发气闷，只向窗前流泪。霍克斯做了如此翻译:Dai-yu who sat with her face to the window and shed tears of pure rage.无独有偶，在原文第十二回描写林黛玉误剪香囊袋时，黛玉赌气铰了香囊袋。有一段这样的描写:黛玉见如此，越发气起来，声咽气堵，又汪汪的滚下泪来，拿起荷包来又剪。霍克斯在译文中如此译道:Dai-yu burst into tears of rage，and picking up the little purse，and attached that too with her scissors.Rage 一词有三层含义:1，狂怒，愤怒;2，激烈，猛烈;3 热望，渴望。难以想象一个“泪光点点，娇喘微微。娴静时如姣花照水，行动处似弱柳扶风”的古代贵族少女“狂怒，凶猛”是怎样一副模样。行为往往是性格的外在流露，野蛮强悍的行为将黛玉娇弱温婉的性格特质彻底推翻了。如此一个娇弱、内向而敏感的少女用“狂怒”一词来形容极易使译文读者产生黛玉性情野蛮强悍的误解。总而言之，原著中为读者塑造的林黛玉有着诗化的眉眼，动人的低泣，脱俗的情趣，飘然的身影，但是在译文作品中，这些美好动人的形象特质却发生了不同程度上的改变。霍译与杨、戴翻译笔下的林黛玉比较 霍克斯（David Hawkes）译的 A Story of the Stone 杨宪益、戴乃迭夫妇合译的A Dream of Red Mansions David Hawkes 在翻译过程中处处为读者设想，对原文进行大量的改写、替换甚至省略等归化处理。他以读者为导向，译文通篇没有一个注释。杨宪益一直认为“在翻译中最重要的是向外国人如实介绍中国文化”。因此他特别强调译文要“忠实于原文的形象”，同时注意保留原文的异国情调。在译本中他选择了异化策略，采用脚注的形式补充相应的文化信息。如红楼梦的第二十回 译文对照:黛玉笑道:“偏是咬舌子爱说话，连 个二哥哥也叫不出来，只是爱哥哥爱哥哥的。回来赶围棋儿，又该你闹幺爱三四五了。”杨译:“The lisper loves to rattle away，”said Tai yu with a laugh“Fancy saying ai instead of er like thatI suppose，when we start dicing，youll be shouting one，love，three，four，five”Note:Er means“two”or“second”and ai“love”霍译:Dai yu burst out laughing:“Lisping doesn t seem to make you any less talkative!Listen to you:Couthin!Couthin!Presently when youre playing Racing Go，youll be all thickthethand theventh！杨译采用脚注的方法在传递语域信息方面是比较全面有效的，但译文用“love”替换“ai”不能体现原文的含蓄。黛玉是大家闺秀，即使开玩笑也会注重自己的言行举止，自己亲口说“爱”不符合她的个性了。相反，为了模仿湘云的发音，再现原文的活泼风格，霍译发挥了目的语的语音特点，把湘云的读“二”为“爱”译成读“s”为“th”，然而，霍译虽然保留了人物饶舌子的性格特征，却失去了对整部小说情节起主要作用的“爱”的主题，影响了语旨信息的体现。“比干 和“西施”是中古古代文化中的两个著名人物，承载着深厚的文化寓意。小说中有一句“心较比干多一窍，病如西子胜三分”霍译版本是“She had more chambers in her heart than the martyred Bi Ganl;And suffered a tithe more pain in it than the beautiful Xi Shi.”杨译版本是 She looked more sensitive than Bi Gan,more delicate than Xi Shi.两种译本都采用了音译的方式，把中国文化中两个典型的历史人 物完整地传达给西方读者。在“一窍”的翻译上，霍克斯译为“more chambers”保留了汉语语言的生动之处。杨氏夫妇采用意译方法译为“more sensitive”便于读者理解。红楼梦中有这样一句描写黛玉的话“态生两胭之愁”，说明黛玉脸上总是泛有一丝愁容。小说中宝玉赋予黛玉一字“颦颦”。此处霍克斯翻译为“Frowner”皱眉头的人，忠实地传达出原文的含义。而杨氏夫妇则音译为“Pinpin”,只有声音的效果，却根本传达不出原意。原本具有隐含意义的词便失去了色彩，可以说是对原文的不忠实翻译。又如红楼梦中描写林黛玉的一句原文：闲静时如姣花照水，行动处似弱柳扶风。杨译：In repose she was like a lovely flower mirrored in the water;in motion,a pliant willow swaying in the wind.霍译：In stillness she made one think of a graceful flower reflected in the water;In motion she called to mind tender willow shoots caressed by the wind.原文在描述林黛玉出场时使用了大量的比喻。杨宪益与霍克斯对原文的喻体都采用了平移的手法，遵从原文意境及描写手法。霍的译文以古雅对原文的古雅，而且语体与原文风格相对应，更能让读者体会出那层朦胧美，既传神又富有诗意。如杨、霍都直译出“姣花”“照水”但手法上略有不同。杨宪益的译本则完全依照原文喻体结构直译，这样的平移却太过于白话，语体与原文风格不协调，失去了诗意和视觉美。世外仙源世外仙源 林黛玉名园筑何处名园筑何处?仙境别红尘。仙境别红尘。借得山川秀。添来景物新。借得山川秀。添来景物新。香融金谷酒，花媚玉堂人。香融金谷酒，花媚玉堂人。何幸邀恩宠，宫车过往频。何幸邀恩宠，宫车过往频。杨宪益和霍克斯(David Hawkes)译文对比f世外仙源；f杨译:A FairylandA Fairyland Far From The World of Menf霍译:The Fairy StreamThe Fairy Streamf名园筑何处?仙境别红尘。f杨译：fWho Knows where this illustrious illustrious gardengarden lies?fFar from the dusty world this paradisethis paradise.f霍译：To fairy hauntsfairy haunts far from the worlds annoyfA royal visit brings a double joy.杨宪益和霍克斯(David Hawkes)译文对比f借得山川秀。添来景物新。f杨译:fHere streams and mountains lend their fair delight.fEnhanced by many a novel scene and sight.f霍译fA thousand borrowed beautiesbeauties here combinedfIn this new setting new enchantment find.f香融金谷酒，花媚玉堂人。f杨译:fScents heady as the wine from Golden Dellthe wine from Golden DellfBind all in these jade hallsthese jade halls with flowery spell;f霍译:fIts odours sweet a poets winea poets wine enrich;fIts flowers a queenly visitora queenly visitor bewitch.杨宪益和霍克斯(David Hawkes)译文对比f何幸邀恩宠，宫车过往频。何幸邀恩宠，宫车过往频。f杨译杨译:fBlessed by Blessed by ImperialImperial favour.we would fain favour.we would fainfWelcome the Welcome the royalroyal visitant again.visitant again.f霍译霍译:fMay May sheshe and we this favour hope to gain;and we this favour hope to gain;fThat That oftoft一一times times she she may may pass pass this this way way again!again!f金谷酒金谷酒f杨杨译译:the:the wine wine from from Golden Golden DellDell（A A celebrated celebrated garden garden in in Henan Henan owned owned by by Shih Shih Chung Chung）f霍译霍译:a poets wine:a poets wine 葬花吟葬花吟花谢花飞花满天，红消香断有谁怜?游丝软系飘春榭，落絮轻沾扑绣帘。闺中女儿惜春暮，愁绪满怀无释处。手把花锄出绣帘，忍踏落花来复去。柳丝榆荚自芳菲，不管桃飘与李飞;桃李明年能再发，明年闺中知有谁?三月香巢初垒成，梁间燕子太无情!明年花发虽可啄，却不道人去梁空巢也倾。一年三百六十日，风刀霜剑严相逼;明媚鲜妍能几时，一朝漂泊难寻觅。花开易见落难寻，阶前愁杀葬花人，独把花锄偷洒泪，洒上空枝见血痕。愿侬此日生双翼，随花飞到天尽头。天尽头，何处有香丘?未若锦囊收艳骨，一抔净土掩风流。质本洁来还洁去，不教污淖陷渠沟。尔今死去侬收葬，未卜侬身何日丧?侬今葬花人笑痴，他年葬侬知是谁?试看春残花渐落，便是红颜老死时;一朝春尽红颜老，花落人亡两不知!f一、从“三美论”来赏析杨译、霍译、许译f1.关于“三美论”f意美，即“意境美”。诗词讲究意境，真正的意境美必能“感动读者的心”，因而，意境成了诗歌译本再现原诗并拥有自身活力的源泉和基石。许渊冲先生也强调了在翻译过程中，“意美”的传达和再创造在三者中的重要性及核心地位。f“音美”，即“音韵美”。中英两种语言显然在音调、音节诸方面有太多的差异，如英语属重音语言，汉语则属声调语言；中国诗词（格律诗）讲平仄，英语不讲等等。f“形美”，即形式美。卞之琳曾说过，诗是内容与形式高度融合的有机统一体，诗歌借形以传神，失其形即失其神。如果说“意美”是一种内在美，“音美”是种动态美，“形美”则是一种外在美。f2.1不同译本fa.原文：尔今死去侬收葬，f 未卜侬身何日丧？f杨译 Now you are dead I come to bury you;f None has divined the day when I shall die;f霍译 Can I,that these flowers obsequies attend，f Divine how soon or late my life will end?f许译 Now they are dead,I come to bury them today.f Who can divine the date when I shall pass away?fb.原文 侬今葬花人笑痴,他年葬侬知是谁？f杨译：Men laugh at my folly in burying fallen flowersf But who will bury me when dead I lie？f霍译：Let others laugh flower-burial to see:f Another year who will be burying me？f许译：Men laugh at my folly in burying fallen flowers.f But who will bury me when come my last hours?fc.原文 试看春残花渐落,便是红颜老死时。f杨译：See,when spring draws to a close and flowers fall,f This is the season when beauty must ebb and fade;f霍译：As petals drop and spring begins to fail,f The bloom of youth,too,sickens and turns pale.f许译：See spring depart and flowers wither by and by.f This is the time when beauty must grow old and die.fd.原文 一朝春尽红颜老,花落人亡两不知！f杨译：The day that spring takes wing and beauty fadesf Who will care for the fallen blossom or dead maid?f霍译：One day,when spring has gone and youth has fled,f The Maiden and the flowers will both be dead.f许渊冲先生的“三美”论，对于中国古典诗歌的翻译具有重要的指导价值，可以作为衡量红楼梦诗词曲赋翻译质量的一个理想标准。f许译:Once spring is gone and beauty dead,alas!f Who will care for the fallen bloom and buried lass?3.小结f诗歌翻译的确是一件高难度的事情。f诗歌的形式、押韵方式和平仄韵律等实际上很难完全再现，意境美更是难以传达。尽管面临重重困难，且采用的翻译策略各异，但杨，霍，许三位翻译大家均凭借高超的技艺,再现了原作大部分的美感。三位的译作各有千秋，有不少地方值得品味，不愧为英译葬花吟的典范硕士，现为重庆工业职业技术学院教师。f f 古今中外都爱她中国人眼里的林黛玉“两弯似蹙非蹙笼烟眉，一双似喜非喜含情目。态生两靥之愁，娇袭一身之病。泪光点点，娇喘微微。娴静似娇花照水，行动如弱柳扶风。心较比干多一窍，病如西子胜三分。”林黛玉虽然美，但那是一种病态美。这也不是值得可爱的。林黛玉虽然美，但那是一种病态美。这也不是值得可爱的。自然自然,喜怒哀乐喜怒哀乐,人之情也人之情也。鲁迅全书充斥绝望的肉欲。主题是一个人的堕落和最后以皈依神秘来赎罪。博尔赫斯刘姥姥进大观园，外国人看红楼梦。西方人眼里的林黛玉Black JadeRiver QueenNaiad 裴钰 莎士比亚眼里的林黛玉书中目录 请随意感受f红楼梦80回，章章都有错f贾宝玉爱啃鸡爪子？f史湘云和莎士比亚：东西方最伟大的醉鬼f曹雪芹玩晕80后、90后f曹雪芹的“糊涂话”，让人很别扭f红楼梦里最牛的“病句”f曹雪芹其实是被“火车”撞死的f谁骑上了老虎，谁暴露了乳沟f对红楼梦走火入魔的外国人f陶醉：刘姥姥的曼妙身段f红楼梦成了医学院的妇科教材f趣谈：刘姥姥是位基督徒f西方人在抓狂：姐姐不是姐姐，哥哥不是哥哥加拿大小伙为演林黛玉“撕破”脸皮f“各各位位评评委委大大家家好好，我我就就是是天天上上掉掉下下来来的的林林妹妹妹妹。中中国国人人说说一一白白遮遮三三丑丑，那那现现场场的的女女孩孩子子都都没没有有我我白白，所所以以我我是是现现场场最最漂漂亮亮的的！”-”-朱龙华朱龙华 一千个读者就有一千个林黛玉一千个读者就有一千个林黛玉