汉英演示文稿.pptx

Differences cultureFunction of words:denotative meaning&connotative meaning(p8)Pragmatic meaningThinking pattern:Ethics vs.cognitionIntegrity and synthetic vs.individualityIntuition vs.evidenceFigurative vs.logical 她踢脱鞋子，踏进一双拖鞋。可是对她那双纤纤细脚来说，脱鞋显得太大了。换了鞋以后，她便失去了几分韵味，个子也矮了些。She kicked her shoes and stepped into a pair of slippers which were too big for her tiny feet;without shoes she lost some of her elegance and height.n在一家百货公司，碰巧有一对老夫妇，他们经过左挑右选，犹豫再三，终于从口袋里笨拙地摸出600块钱来，买了一床优质的鸭绒被，当鸭绒被从柜台那边递过来时，两人满意地笑了。nIt so happened in a department store that an old couple,after careful selection and much hesitation,fumbled 600 Yuan from their pockets for a quality down quilt,smiling with content when the package was handed over the counter.Exercises从前，齐国有个人，想要金子，想得入迷了。一天清早，他穿好衣服，戴上帽子后，就赶到市场上。他走到卖金子的地方，伸手抓起一块金子就走。管市场的小官把他抓住，审问他：“你竟敢当众抢人家的金子，怎么这样大胆啊？”他回答说：“我拿金块的时候，实在没有看见人，只看见金子啊！”Lecture 2 Analytic language vs.synthetic languageIdeographic-oriented syllabic script vs.alphabetic scriptTonal language vs.intonation languagediscussion馆：博物馆、图书馆、旅馆、宾馆、大使馆、领事馆、茶馆、饭馆、理发馆、体育馆、展览馆、文化馆、美术馆、科技馆、天文馆、照相馆酒：葡萄酒、白酒、烈酒、啤酒、香槟酒、鸡尾酒、白兰地酒、威士忌酒、杜松子酒笔：钢笔、铅笔、圆珠笔、蜡笔、粉笔、毛笔、画笔、电笔 好：a他是祖国的好儿子。b庄稼长得真好。c他们对我真好。d楼的质量不好。e这个问题很好回答。f啊，好票学习：a学习知识b学习技术C学习外语d学习成绩e学习别人的长处f互相学习g以雷锋为学习的榜样 意义的分类意义的分类（1）外延意义denotative meaning 内涵意义connotative meaning 风格意义stylistic meaning 情感意义affective meaning 联想意义reflective meaning 搭配意义co locative meaning 主题意义 thematic meaning Leech 意义的分类意义的分类（2）指称意义designative meaning 言内意义linguistic meaning 言外意义pragmatic meaning Charles Morris Translation of pragmatic meaning“娘，他们娘，他们是要剥我们中国人的脸皮啊，你知是要剥我们中国人的脸皮啊，你知道吗道吗?”?”骄阳下，柳树上，回答他的是一片骄阳下，柳树上，回答他的是一片“知了，知了知了，知了”的蝉声。的蝉声。“MotherMother，what they asked me to do was what they asked me to do was notbut to lose face for all Chinese!Dont you notbut to lose face for all Chinese!Dont you see?”see?”In the scorching sunIn the scorching sun，from the willow treefrom the willow tree，comes the confirmfing reply of the cicadas comes the confirmfing reply of the cicadas chirrupchirrup：“SeeSee，see”(see”(夏乙琥译夏乙琥译)拿锄头刨黄连挖苦。To dig Coptis with a hoedig人曾为僧，人弗可以成佛。女卑是婢，女又何妨成奴。A Buddhist cannot bud into a Buddha.A maiden may be made a house maid.(许渊冲)王佐良教授译王佐良教授译雷雨雷雨 鲁大海：（挣扎）放开我，你们这群强盗！鲁大海：（挣扎）放开我，你们这群强盗！周萍：（向仆人）把他拉下去！周萍：（向仆人）把他拉下去！鲁侍萍：（大哭）这真是一群强盗！（走到周鲁侍萍：（大哭）这真是一群强盗！（走到周萍面前）你是萍面前）你是萍萍萍萍.凭凭凭凭什么打我的儿子！什么打我的儿子！Hai:(struggling)Let go of me,you hooligans!Hai:(struggling)Let go of me,you hooligans!Ping:(to the servants)Hustle him outside!Ping:(to the servants)Hustle him outside!Ma:(breaking down)You are hooligans,too!Ma:(breaking down)You are hooligans,too!(going across to Chou Ping)Youre my-(going across to Chou Ping)Youre my-mighty free with your fists!What right have you mighty free with your fists!What right have you to hit my son?to hit my son?n n默默无蚊的奉献n nMosquito-repellent incense,repelling mosquitoes in silence.exercises1中国人民不用多久就会变得富裕起来。2一般人要到失去他们所拥有的一切时，才会珍惜他们所拥有的一切。3我们只消研究一下爱迪生所做出的杰出发现就可以看到其重大意义。4即使商品质量好，也不能漫天讨价。5最近人口统计显示中国人口已超过十三亿。Lecture 3 Syntactic differenceText differenceSynthetic vsSynthetic vsAnalyticAnalyticEnglish is a synthetic language marked with English is a synthetic language marked with inflexions(inflexions(曲折变化形式曲折变化形式)，while Chinese is an while Chinese is an analytic language without any inflectionanalytic language without any inflection，which is which is usually implied in the context or explicitly shown in usually implied in the context or explicitly shown in such words as“such words as“着、了、过着、了、过”etcetcFor exampleFor example：During the wartimeDuring the wartime，years like these would have years like these would have meant certain death for many people.Many would meant certain death for many people.Many would have become beggars and others would have have become beggars and others would have been compelled to sell their childrenbeen compelled to sell their children Thus encouraged,they made a still bolder plan for Thus encouraged,they made a still bolder plan for the next yearthe next year Compact vsCompact vsDiffusiveDiffusiveEnglish sentences are compact tightly combined English sentences are compact tightly combined with connectives or prepositionswith connectives or prepositions，while Chinese is while Chinese is diffuseddiffused，that isthat is，loose in structureloose in structureNow the integrated circuit has reduced by many Now the integrated circuit has reduced by many times the size of the computer of which it forms a times the size of the computer of which it forms a partpart，thus creating a new generation of portable thus creating a new generation of portable minicomputerminicomputer现在集成电路成了计算机的组成部分，使计算机的现在集成电路成了计算机的组成部分，使计算机的体积大大缩小，从而产生了新一代的便携式微型计体积大大缩小，从而产生了新一代的便携式微型计算机。算机。A notion has taken hold in the US to the effect that the only people who should be encouraged to bring children into the world are those who can afford them在美国有一个根深蒂固的观点，说是只有对那些抚养得起子女的人，才应鼓励其生育。vHypotactic vsParatacticvIn Englishclauses or phrases are coordinated with or subordinated to one another syntactically while in Chinese theY are placed one after another without coordinating connectivesvThe many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the insidev彩虹有多种颜色，外圈红，内圈紫。vHe had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid successionv他有一种令人难堪的习惯：一会儿一个看法，自相矛盾，变化无常。Complex vs.SimplexEnglish sentences are long and complex，while Chinese sentences are short and simpleFor example：Many man-made substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quality of the natural product can not meet our ever-increasing requirement，or，more often，because the physical properties of the synthetic substance,which is the common name for man-made materials，have been chosen,and even emphasized，so that it would be Of the greatest use in the fields in which it is to be applied人造材料通称为合成材料。许多人造材料正在代替某些天然材料，这或者是由于天然物产的数量不能满足日益增长的需要，或者是由于人们选择了合成材料的一些物理性质并加以突出而造成的。因此，合成材料在其应用领域将具有极大的用途。Impersonal vsImpersonal vsPersonalPersonalThere are more impersonal structures in English There are more impersonal structures in English than in Chinesethan in Chinese，as shown in the following as shown in the following examplesexamples：What has happened to you?What has happened to you?你出了什么事儿啦你出了什么事儿啦?An idea suddenly struck meAn idea suddenly struck me 我突然想到一个主意。我突然想到一个主意。A strange peace came over her when she was A strange peace came over her when she was alonealone 她独处时感到一种特别的安宁。她独处时感到一种特别的安宁。Not a sound reached our earsNot a sound reached our ears 我们没有听到任何我们没有听到任何声音。声音。A great elation overcame themA great elation overcame them 他们欣喜若狂。他们欣喜若狂。The truth finally dawned on herThe truth finally dawned on her 她最终明白了真她最终明白了真相。相。l Passive vsActivelAs we have mentioned in the previous units，the passive voice is extensively used in English，while Chinese sentences are usually activelA few years ago it was thought unusual that programs could ever be called up by viewers to be displayed on their TV screens at home 几年前人们还以为，观众居然能够打电话要求在自己家里的电视屏幕上播出节目是一种稀罕的事情。Static vsDynamicEnglish is static，with agent nouns being frequently used to replace verbs，while Chinese is dynamic，with more verbs being used in a single sentenceHe is a good eater and a good sleeper 他能吃又能睡。You must be a very bad learner；or else you must be going to a very bad teacher 你一定很不善于学习，要不然就是教你的人很不会教 Abstract vsConcreteIn expressing the same idea English seems more abstract while Chinese，more concreteThe absence of intelligence is an indication of satisfactory developments 没有消息即表明有令人满意的进展。A high degree of carelessness，pre-operative and post-operative，on the part of some of the hospital staff，took place 医院某些医护人员在手术前后都非常粗心 Indirect VS Indirect VSDirectDirectSome English sentences seem to be indirect in Some English sentences seem to be indirect in affirmation while Chinese Sentences are affirmation while Chinese Sentences are straightforwardstraightforward I couldnI couldn t feel bettert feel better 我觉得身体好极了。我觉得身体好极了。I couldnI couldn t agree with you moret agree with you more 我太赞成你的看我太赞成你的看法了。法了。He canHe can t see you quick enought see you quick enough 他很想尽快和你他很想尽快和你见面。见面。If you have a carIf you have a car，you are independent of trains you are independent of trains and busesand buses 如果你有小汽车，就不用去坐火车或如果你有小汽车，就不用去坐火车或挤公共汽车。挤公共汽车。Substitutive VSRepetitiveGenerally speaking，there are not use so many repetitions in English as in ChineseYou should help her since you have promised to do SO 你既然答应了要帮助她就应当帮助她。He hated failure；he had conquered it all his life，risen above it，and despised it in others 他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失败，并且藐视别人的失败。Exercises v1由于失业率增高，美元币值下降，股票市场处于困境之中，经济问题将是总统所面临的最严峻的考验。v2一到南京，我的朋友就在机场等着接我。v3尽管是一个大学生，小郑连一封英文信都写不好。v420年来，中国的科学家们为祖国做出了贡献。v5在这座小村落中，他被人们看成是一个聪敏的人。v6.我校目前尚未设博士点。Text differencev语篇功能和文化色彩 v小的扣紧，大的放松，池子里捕鱼，太湖里放生。v(夏衍：考验)vFussy about trifles，careless about big things.Penny wise，pound foolishv她在戏中扮演包公。vShe played the male role of Judge Bao in Chinese（the just and impartial judge in Chinese history)in the opera v语篇功能和语体色彩v如蒙早日寄来样品或产品册，不胜感激。vIt would be appreciated if samples and/or brochure could be soon forwarded to us.v鄙人当尽力而为。vYours truly will do his bestv今年春季召开的全国科学大会，动员动员全国人民为祖国的科学、技术现代化而努力努力。vThe national Science Conference convened this spring mobilized the entire nation work for the modernization of science and technology.v语篇功能和感情色彩v金鸡鞋油：颜色有黑、棕、白、红、黄、蓝。vGolden Rooster Shoe Polish comes in black，brown，white，red，yellow and bluev“白象”牌电池White Elephant Brandv1你们不能草率行事，应先找李先生给你们点拨点拨。v2该市警方对旅馆和公共娱乐场所定期展开“扫黑”行动。v3这个贫困县年年从省里得到救济粮。v4他们想问题做事情的方法，他们的历史习惯跟我们不同。v5今年春天由党中央召开的全国科学大会，动员全国人民为祖国的科学、技术现代化而努力。Lecture Four vWork out the appropriate denotative meaning v昨天看电影我没有买到好票。v烟囱通风不好，所以火不旺。v“行动比言语更响亮”可能老掉牙了，但它仍不失为一条真理。v这个车间既做来料加工，又做来样加工。v我银行里为你挂个名，你白天去走走，晚上教教我儿子，一面找机会，好不好?v她在中国留学服务中心工作。v这个我自己决定不了，我得请示请示上边儿。vI did not buy a good seat for yesterdays film vThere is not much draught up the chimney；thats why the fire doesnt burn well v“Actions speak louder than words”may be an over-worn phrase，but its still truevThis workshop processes raw materials on clients demand and processes according to investors samples as well vIll put you on the payroll at the bankYou can drop in during the day and in the evening tutor my son while looking for a jobHows that?vShe works at the Chinese Service Centre for Scholarly Exchange vI cant decide on it personallyI have to ask the top kick.v一次性 v这所全国重点大学为社会输送了大批的人才。v：要在不到十年中实现小康目标，任务是很艰难的，因为中国人口众多，底子薄，各地发展不平衡，w“慰问”一词译成英语时应根据被慰问的对象选词。w这些村民每年都到附近去慰问解放军。w每年春节期间，当地官员往往去慰问烈军属。w他到医院慰问病号去了。w政府派了一个慰问团去慰问洪水灾区的人民。w这些慰问袋春节之前要发到下岗职工手里。汉英动词翻译的特点w汉语动词的含义比较单一，其修饰意义往往需要副词配合。英语动词的表达能力强，不仅表达动作本身，而且还包含有修饰意义。所以翻译带副词修饰的汉语动词时，不少情况下不使用副词。w一座古塔阴森森地矗立在山腰上。w他摸索着把门打开。w暴风雨狂袭了一阵后停了。w我的姐姐又因为我不爱整洁而向我唠叨地劝诫了。w这个案子很难办，但那个受审的人已事先得到律师的仔细指点。语篇词语的翻译w【例1】“首先，”(译成英语有多种译法：First；Firstly；At first；First of all；To begin with等。)w【例2】“第二(三、四、五)”可译为“second(secondly；third，thirdly；fourth；fifth)。w【例3】“最后，”(可以译为：lastly；at last；finally；eventually；to conclude等等。)w【例4】“虽然，”有多种表达法，应注意交替使用，不可只使用一种表达法。文章虽短，但很有说服力。他虽很努力，但没成功。你虽然取得了成绩，但仍应保持谦虚。她们虽是女流但却争着抢着干最重的活。革命烈士虽死犹荣。虽然自己曾和她信誓旦旦，但此一时也彼一时也。Lecture Fivechoose the best words:precise,concise,and expressive这就点燃了武装斗争的燎原大火。This lighted the prairie fire in revolutionary armed struggle他们在积极巩固战果。They are actively consolidating their victorious gains 女诗人知道春天就要到了，因为她看到了一些燕子。The poetess knew spring was coming，because she saw some swallows他吹着口哨沿着海滨漫步。He was whistling as he walked along the beach他想这样会使工程及时全面展开，从而减少中途停工的可能。He thought this would lessen the chance of the projects being stopped before it really got under way吸烟是他的习惯，对他的健康损害很大。Smoking，his habit，has done considerable harm to his health他们你一句，我一句，说个没完。They talked on and on without stop.我们的目的，一定能够达到。Our goal will be attained certainly这些问题就是他提出的关于美国政治制度的问题。These questions are the questions/ones he raised on the American political system你们的计划要进行调整。Your plan will have to be adjusted我们应该大力加快经济改革的步伐。We should make great efforts to accelerate the pace of economic reform.Note the Chinglishn nto accelerate the pace of economic reformto accelerate the pace of economic reformn nthere have been good harvests in agriculturethere have been good harvests in agriculturen nLiving standards for the people in both urban and rural areas Living standards for the people in both urban and rural areas continued tocontinued ton nThe development of our economy in the future will,to a The development of our economy in the future will,to a large extent,depend onlarge extent,depend onn nFollowing the realization of mechanization and Following the realization of mechanization and electrification of agricultureelectrification of agriculturen nIt is impossible for us to accomplish the transformation of It is impossible for us to accomplish the transformation of the whole society overnightthe whole society overnightn nuntil China realizes industrial modernization until China realizes industrial modernization 他总算把记者招待会对付过去了。After all，he survived/dealt with the press conference花园里花草茂盛，五彩缤纷。The garden is carpeted/full with a mass of multicolored flowers妻子问他，“你为什么回来得这么晚?干什么去了?”他说道：“难道你要限制我的行动自由吗?”“Why back home so late?What did you do somewhere here?”demanded/asked his wife“Do I understand you want to hamper my freedom of action?”he retorted/said/answered在学习中我们应该互相促进。In our studies，we should help each other forwardexercises全民族抗战展开了。他们讲唯心论，我们讲唯物论。但是单有这个条件还不够，还要求别的条件和他配合。首先是人民的条件.他儿子当时还是一个小不点儿。你要母鸡多生蛋，又不给它米吃，又要马儿跑得快，又要马儿不吃草。世界上哪有这样的道理!我们应该记住老一辈科学家们为成功研制“两弹”而努力奋斗的那些日日夜夜。The choice of words看黑板看电视看书看朋友看病看天气看茶开车开船开机器开会开灯开业开玩笑开夜车开支票开工开胃开荒国家建设城乡建设加强国防和军队建设加强政治思想建设 加强民主法制建设和平地，不受军事威胁地建设自己的未来 思想道德素质 科学文化素质 体能健康素质素质教育提高全民法律素质 Translate the passage n经济发展涉及到范围广泛的技术、经济、社会和文化等各方面的进展。在经济高度发展的社会，仅小部分人从事农业，农业生产率较高，而大部分劳动力则从事于其他商品的生产及服务性行业。（时文翻译）n useful words and expressions:n涉及 to relate ton方面 dimensions;aspectsn经济高度发展的社会 a society with highly developed economyn从事 to be engaged in n生产率 productivityn服务性行业 service industryLecture SixnWords and Culture词义空缺n例例:据报导，当地警方将深入开展“严打”斗争和专项治理。n译文Reports say that local police will further their crackdown on all criminal activities and launch special campaigns to fight the crime and social evils that the public detest mostn例例:唐至开元、天宝以后，作者蔚起，和以前大不同了。n译文Towards the middle of the eighth century the fashion changed，and there were many writers of fictionn例例:钱先生周岁时“抓周”，抓了一本书，因此得名“钟书”。nWhen Qian was just one year old，he was told by his parents to choose one thing among many othersHe picked up a book of all thingsThere upon his father very gladly gave him the name：Zhongshu(=book lover)意义走失n在改革中，许多国营企业实行了合同制，被推向市场。nThe contract system introduced in many state-owned enterprises during the reform exposed the enterprises to market _n少数服从多数。nThe minority_ is subordinate to the majority _文化特色词语的英译 n直译：概念意义和文化意义相同n露面n丢脸n老手 笑柄n碰壁n祸不单行n一只耳朵听，一只耳朵出n为什么不你老人家明天就去走一遭，先试试风头儿去？（红楼梦）nWhy not go there tomorrow and see how the wing blows?意译 n胸有成竹 nHe has long had fully-grown bamboo in his bosom.nHe has long had a well-thought-out plan in his mind.n接着他们用绳子五花大绑，把节振国捆得像个粽子似的、又是一阵拳打脚踢。节振国的嘴里鼻孔里鲜血直冒。（赤胆忠心）nThey gave him a good cuff and kick,trussed