神经系统传导通路中国医科大学.pptx

-1-Chapter 19 the conductive pathway of nervous system Nervous systemthe sensory conductive pathway the motor conductive pathwaythe chemical pathway of nervous system-2-The reflex path was referred to the conductive path of preceding or descending without via cerebral cortex.Visual conductive pathway and pupillary light reflexAuditory conductive pathwayConductive pathway of equilibratory sensationSensory（preceding）conductive pathwayconsciousnonconscioustrunk、four limbs Head and facial partConductive pathway of proprioceptive senseTrunk,four limbsHead and facial partThe conductive pathway of sensation of pain and warm,thick touch sensation and ressure senseConductive pathway of visceral senseGeneral visceral senceSpecial visceral sensecortical substanceneostriatumdorsal thalamus circuit loop of cortex neostriatumcircuit of black substancepallidumcircuit loop of subthalamuscortex bridge of varoliuscerebellumcircuit of cortexcorticospinal tractcorticonuclear tractpyramidal tractMotor（descending）conductive pathway Extracorticospinal tract-3-The middle and superior part of posterior central gyrusThe posterior part of paracentral lobuleMuscle,tendon,joint,skinperipheral processspinal nervespinal gangliacentral processGolls columnBurdachs fibersgracile nucleusBurdachs nucleusbulbar lemniscus of opposite sideall parts of brainstemventral posterolateral nucleus of dorsal thalamus posterior limb of internal capsuleconductive pathway of proprioceptive sense the conductive pathway of conscious proprioceptive sense of trunk and four limbs and fine touchThe sensory conductive pathway-4-（二）（二）The conductive pathway of unconscious proprioceptive sense in trunk and four limbs The proprioceptor of muscle,tendon,and jointspinal cordthe medial part of radix posteriorC8L2segment of thoracic nucleusposterior spinocerebellar tractinferior cerebellar pedunclecortex of palaeocerebellumfuniculus lateralis medullae spinalis of homonymythe lateral part of the 5th to 7th of lumbosacral enlargementfiber of second class anterior spinocerebellar tract of opposite side and ipsolateralsuperior cerebellar pedunclecortex of palaeocerebellum-5-skin peripheral processspinal nervespinal gangliacentral processspinal cord、layerspinothalamic tractof opposite sidethe middle and superior part of posterior central gyrusthe posterior part of paracentral lobuleall parts of brain stemventral posterolateral nucleus of dorsal thalamusposterior limb of internal capsulespinal lemniscusThe superficial sensory pathway The superficial sensory pathway of trunk and limbsthe inferior part of posterior central gyrusskin and mucosaperipheral processtrigeminal nervestrigeminal ganglioncentral processspinal nucleus of trigeminal nervepontine nucleus of trigeminal nervetrigeminal lemniscusposteromedial nucleus of dorsal thalamusventralposterior limb of internal capsule（二）（二）The superficial sensory pathway of head and faceascends 1 to 2 segment-6-7-visual conerodbipolar neuronnodal celloptic nervechiasm opticumvisual tractexternal geniculate bodyoptic radiationposterior limb of internal capsulethe two sides of calcarine fissureIn the chiasm opticum,the fiber derived from retina of two eyes nasal side intersect,while the temple side ones dont intersect.visual pathway and pupillary light reflex pathway visual pathway visual pathway -8-The lesion of decussating fiber of chiasm opticum can induce the half blindness in temple side of binocular visual field；the lesion of non-decussating fiber of chiasm opticums lateral part can induce the half blindness in nasal side of binocular visual field;the lesion of visual tract in one side can induce homonymous hemianopsia of opposite side.The damaging of conductive pathway in different position can induce different visual filed defect:The injury of retina can induce visual field defect,which is related to the position and scope of injury;The optic nerve injury of ones side can induce absolute blindness of this eye；-9-The route of pupillary light reflex：accessory nucleus of oculomotor nerve of two sidesciliary ganglionretinaoptic nervechiasm opticumthe visual tract of two sidesbrachium of superior colliculuspretectal areaoculomotor nervepostganglionic fibrepupil sphincter musclethe contraction of two pupils direct light reflexindirect light reflex The pupillary light reflex pathway-10-exist（+）exist（+）loss（）loss（）the injury of oculomotor nerveloss（）exist（+）exist（+）loss（）the injury of optic nerveindirect light reflexdirect light reflexindirect light reflexdirect light reflexhealthy eyeill eyeThe pupillary light reflex representation of injury in different position-11-The auditory pathway organ of Cortibipolar cell(exchange neuron）cochlear nerveventral cochlear nucleusdorsal and cochlear nucleus(exchange neuron）trapezoid body of pons overlaps to the opposite side lateral lemniscusthe dorsi-lateral part of tegmentum of midbraininferior colliculus(exchange neuron）brachium of inferior colliculusmedial geniculate body(exchange neuron）acoustic radiationposterior limb of internal capsuletransverse temporal gyri of auditory field in cerebral cortex The auditory impulsion is conducing of two sides.If one side path above lateral lemniscus is damaged,the obvious symptom wouldnt happen.But if the cochlear nerve,internal ear or middle ear is damaged,auditory handicap will be induced.-12-Upper motor neuronsLower motor neuronsfinal common pathanterior horn of spinal cord motor neuronsomatic motor area of cerebral cortexpyramidal cellcorticonuclear tractcorticospinal tractpyramidal tract cranial nerve motor nucleus pyramidal systemMotor pathways pyramidal tract The giant pyramidal cell of paracentral lobules anterior part and precentral gyrus and the pyramidal cells of other type as well as the axon of pyramidal cell which lie at the frontal lobe and apical lobe constitute pyramidal tract.-13-trunk muscle,limbs musclethe middle and superior part of anterior central gyrusthe anterior part of paracentral lobulepyramidal cellposterior limb of internal capsulemidbrain,ponslateral corticospinal tractanterior corticospinal tractanterior horn motor neuronspinal nerve corticospinal tractmedulla oblongata-14-pyramidal cell（inferior part of anterior central gyrus）corticonuclear tractnucleus of oculomotor nervenucleus of trochlear nervenucleus of abducent nervemotor nucleus of trigeminal nervethe superior part of nucleus of facial nervenucleus ambiguusaccessory nucleusextraocular musclesmasseter musclefacial muscles（frontal muscle、orbicularis muscle)laryngeal musclesternocleidomastoidtrapeziusknee of internal capsule corticonuclear tract-15-the inferior half of facial nucleus cheek muscle、orbicularis orisnucleus of hypoglossal nerve lingual muscleonly recept the corticonuclear tract fiber of opposite side supranuclear paralysis of facial nerveinfranuclear paralysis of facial nerve supranuclear paralysis of hypoglossal nerveinfranuclear paralysis of hypoglossal nerve-16-The principal injury representation of upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons-17-It is referred to the influence outside of pyramidal system and all the conductive pathways controlling body movement.Its structure is very complex,which includes cerebral cortex,striate body,dorsal thalamus,red nucleus,substantia nigra，vestibular nucleus,cerebellum and so on.The main functions of the extrapyramidal system in man are to regulate the tonicity of the muscles,coordinate the muscular activities,maintain the normal body posture and produce habitual and rhythmic movements.extrapyramidal system-18-cortexneostriatumdorsal thalamuscortex neostriatumsubstantia nigra corticopontocerebellarcortex globus pallidussubthalamus The extrapyramidal system concludes the following four circuits: