资源描述
阅读理解(四) 环境的力量+骨骼再生+拯救蜜蜂
A [2019·朝阳一模]
Flowers bloom(开花) only if they are planted in rich soil(土壤). We are similarly influenced by our environment. When our environment is bad, we may get sick physically or mentally. When our environment is supportive, we are more likely to thrive.
Which factor(因素) of the environment influences us most? The answer is surprising. It’s not the air we breathe every minute, nor the water we drink every hour; it’s the people who we relate to every day. Every day we have connections with a lot of people in different situations. Some bring us happiness and provide us with loving support. Others bring us down and make us feel worthless.
I have no doubt that one of the main keys to success is the people we know. It’s nice to have people in your life who encourage you to better yourself, and who support you in your effort to make yourself a better person. People whose hearts are big enough to be happy for your success, rather than those who are so proud that they always want to compete with you for success. People who see the potential(潜力) in you, even when you can’t see it in yourself. These are the people who you should have on your team and in your life.
So if you really long for success, look back at the people who come in and out of your life. Are most of the people you know supportive or unsupportive? When people around you aren’t supportive, what kind of person do you become? Do you become shy, fearful, hateful and unhappy? When you connect with those who are supportive, what happens to you? Do you become open, lively, happy, strong and brave?
Taylor loves music, and her dream is to become a singer one day. Whenever she talks about her big dream, none of her friends ever give her a fist bump(碰拳) to encourage her. Taylor always complains that her friends are not supportive enough but walking away from them leaves her in loneliness. She has no better choice but to keep hanging out with them. However, the more time she spends with them, the worse she feels about herself.
We can all make a mindful decision about the environment around us. Relate more to those who make you happy being “you”, or who support you in being “you”. If you have to be around those who aren’t supportive, then simply accept them as they are, without going after them for more than what they can provide to you.
After all, each person has a seed(种子) in them to be the beautiful and awesome person they want to be. All they’re waiting for is that supportive soil to allow them to fully bloom.
1.The word “thrive” in Paragraph 1 probably means “ ”. ( )
A.develop and grow
B.judge and warn
C.mind and care
D.fail and fear
2.The writer mentions the five questions in Paragraph 4 to show that . ( )
A.some people always support what we do, some don’t
B.we are included in a certain circle of friends
C.some people give us a sense of success
D.we are influenced by people around us
3.According to the passage, what could probably help make Taylor’s dream come true? ( )
A.She needs to get a fist bump from her friends.
B.She needs to keep hanging out with her friends.
C.She needs to walk away from her unsupportive friends.
D.She needs to continue talking about her dream with her friends.
4.What does the passage mainly talk about? ( )
A.Saying no to unsupportive people.
B.Letting the seed in you bloom.
C.People around you could shape you.
D.Influence of natural environment.
B [2019·海淀一模]
You’re not the same person you were as a child. You’re not even the same person you were five years ago. We don’t just mean your personality. While we’d love to start a never-ending discussion over the “true self”, we’re here to talk about the cells(细胞) in your body.
Do you know how your fingernails and hair are constantly growing and replacing themselves? The same thing happens almost everywhere in your body. Your outer layer of skin makes way for fresher skin, and inside your veins(血管), blood cells turn over to make way for fresh blood. It’s probably no surprise that these types of cells are short-lived, even some of the most seemingly permanent(永久的) parts of your body replace themselves over time—including your bones.
Strong as your bones might seem, the cells they’re made of won’t last a lifetime. Bones are masters at rebuilding themselves, which is why most broken bones can heal on their own into the right shape.
Bones have special cells called osteoclasts(破骨细胞) whose job is to break down bone, even if it isn’t broken, and send the minerals into the blood stream. This may sound frighteningly like your bones are wearing away, but your body knows what it’s doing. As osteoclasts break down bone, osteoblasts(成骨细胞) build up new bone to replace the old. By the end of each year, about 10 percent of your entire adult skeleton will have been rebuilt through this process.
If 10 percent of your bone breaks down every year, it must take about ten years to renew 100 percent of your skeleton. That would be a great guess, and it lines up nicely with the medical myth that the human body’s cells are fully replaced every seven years, but the body is a bit more complex. That 10 percent is just an average—some bone grows faster than that, and some grows slower. While some parts of your bone will turn over quickly, other parts will stick around for decades. In fact, most bone cells could live as long as 50 years.
So before you get wrapped up in an identity crisis(危机) about the cells in your body disappearing on you, know that you can lose some hair and you can cut your nails, but the bones of you aren’t going anywhere—at least not very soon and not all at once.
5.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? ( )
A.All the cells in our body are the same ones that we were born with.
B.Our blood cells are constantly growing and replacing themselves.
C.It must take about 10 years to rebuild 100 percent of our skeleton.
D.Osteoblasts can break down skin and also rebuild it over time.
6.The underlined words “wearing away” probably mean “ ”. ( )
A.building up
B.taking off
C.dying out
D.turning on
7.What does the passage mainly talk about? ( )
A.Our skeleton seems permanent but renews itself over time.
B.It is not surprising that some cells in our body are short-lived.
C.There are two types of cells in our bones: osteoclasts and osteoblasts.
D.We are not the same person we were five years ago because of personality.
C [2019·顺义一模]
Do you run away when you hear a bee buzzing? Many people do. A bee sting hurts and some people are allergic(过敏的) to bee venom. But did you know that bees are very important to humans? Honeybees do more than just make honey. They fly around and pollinate flowers, plants, and trees. Our fruits, nuts, and vegetables rely on these pollinators. One third of America’s food supply is pollinated by the honeybee.
Have you seen or heard a honeybee lately? Bees are mysteriously(神秘地) disappearing in many parts of the world. Most people don’t know about this problem. It is called “Colony Collapse Disorder”(CCD). Some North American beekeepers lost 80% of their hives from 2006—2008. Bees in Italy and Australia are disappearing too.
The disappearance of the honeybee is a serious problem. Can you imagine never eating another blueberry? What about almonds and cherries? Without honeybees food prices will skyrocket. The poorest people always suffer the worst when there is a lack of food.
This problem affects other foods besides fresh produce. Imagine losing your favorite ice cream! Haagen Daaz is a famous ice cream company. Many of their flavors rely on the hard-working honeybee. In 2008, Haagen Daaz began raising money for CCD. They also funded a garden at the University of California called The Haven. This garden helps raise awareness about the disappearing honeybee and teaches visitors how to plant for pollinators.
Donating money to research is the most important thing humans can do to save the honeybee. Scientists need money to investigate the causes of Colony Collapse Disorder. Some scientists blame CCD on climate change. Others think pesticides are killing the bees. Commercial(盈利性的) bee migration may also cause CCD. Beekeepers transport their hives from place to place in order to pollinate plants year round.
Not everyone has money to donate regularly. There are other ways to help the honeybee. Spread the word by telling your friends and family about the problem. Tell your teacher about the disappearing bee too. Maybe your class can write a letter to the government.
8.Honeybees are very important because they produce honey and . ( )
A.sting people
B.treat allergies
C.pollinate flowers
D.buzz everywhere
9.Why does the writer mention the Haagen Daaz company? ( )
A.To describe what beekeepers will lose without honeybees.
B.To tell readers why Haagen Daaz is a famous company.
C.To show how scientists will investigate honeybees.
D.To explain how serious the CCD problem is.
10.The word “funded” in Paragraph 4 probably means “ ”. ( )
A.donated money for
B.saved money for
C.provided money for
D.collected money for
11. What is the best title for the passage? ( )
A.The Disappearing Honeybee
B.The Important Honeybee
C.The Problems of Honeybees
D.The Investigation of Honeybee
【参考答案】
A
[主旨大意] 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了周边的人对我们的影响最大,多跟那些支持你的人在一起。
1.A 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的最后两句“When our environment is bad,…We are more likely to thrive.”可推知,环境不好,我们可能会在身体上或精神上生病;当我们的环境支持我们时,我们更有可能发展壮大。故选A。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“So if you really long for success, look back at the people who come in and out of your life.”可知,如果你真的渴望成功,那就回头看看那些进出你生活的人。即我们受周围人的影响。故选D。
3.C 推理判断题。根据上下文可知,Taylor的朋友总是打击她,和他们在一起的时间越多,她对自己的感觉就越差。再根据第六段第二句“Relate more to those who make you happy being ‘you’, or who support you in being ‘you’.”可知,多和支持你的人待在一起,远离不支持你的朋友。故选C。
4.C 主旨大意题。通读全文内容和根据第二段中的“It’s not the air we breathe every minute, nor the water we drink every hour; it’s the people who we relate to every day.”可推知,本文主要讲述身边的人对我们的影响最大,他们可以塑造你。故选C。
B
[主旨大意] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述人体的骨骼随着时间的推移,也会自我替换,但不会很快消失,也不会一次消失。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Your outer layer of skin makes way for fresher skin, and inside your veins, blood cells turn over to make way for fresh blood.”可知,你的皮肤外层为更新鲜的皮肤让路,在你的血管里,血细胞为新鲜的血液让路。可推知,我们的血细胞不断地生长和自我更新。故选B。
6.C 词义猜测题。根据上句 “Bones have special cells called osteoclasts whose job is to break down bone, even if it isn’t broken, and send the minerals into the blood stream.”及下句“As osteoc lasts break down bone, osteoblasts build up new hone to replace the old.”可推知,破骨细胞分解你的骨骼,导致旧骨骼死亡,成骨细胞重建新骨骼。此处“wearing away”相当于“dying out”,意为“消亡”。故选C。
7.A 主旨大意题。通读全文内容,根据第二段最后一句“…even some of the most seemingly permanent parts of your body replace themselves over time-including your bones.”可推知,本文主要讲述我们的骨架似乎是永久的,但会随时更新自我。故选A。
C
[主旨大意] 本文是一篇说明文。蜜蜂的消失是一个严重的问题。本文对此作了具体描述并介绍了如何拯救蜜蜂。
8.C 9.D 10.C 11.A
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