英语初高中衔接句子成分课堂实用.pptx

National Day?Do you have any plan?Chat on line我想去旅游。我想去旅游。I want to go travelling.want I to gotravelling句子排序句子排序Can you translate it into English?I am not money.How can I make everyone love me?英语的句子是如何组成的？英语的句子是如何组成的？由一个个单词组成由一个个单词组成单词如何构成句子？单词如何构成句子？句句 子子 成成 分分Members of a Sentence构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；（一）句子成分的定义：（一）句子成分的定义：句子成分由词或词组充当句子成分由词或词组充当句子成分句子成分英语的基本成分：英语的基本成分：_和和_主语主语(subject)、谓语谓语(predicate)、表语表语(predicative)、宾语宾语(object)、定语定语(attribute)、状语状语(adverbial)补语补语(complement)主要成分有主要成分有主语和谓语主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和补足语、同位语和插入语插入语。一一:(主谓主谓)二二:(主系表主系表)三三:(主谓宾主谓宾)四四:(主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾)五五:(主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补)五种基本句型结构：五种基本句型结构：掌握这五种基本句型掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语句子结构的基础。We will come.(Subject)是动作的发出者，或表是动作的发出者，或表示句子说的是什么，什么事。示句子说的是什么，什么事。e.g The book is so interesting.一一 .主语主语什么词性的词能做主语？什么词性的词能做主语？Jane is playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.名词名词代词代词数词数词不定式不定式动名词动名词名词化的形容词名词化的形容词主语从句主语从句二二 .谓语谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做的动作说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。由动词或或具有的特征和状态。由动词或动词短语构成。动词短语构成。e.g The plane took off at ten oclock.简单谓语：由一个动词简单谓语：由一个动词 或动词短语构成。或动词短语构成。（2 2）由）由助动词加动词助动词加动词构成。构成。e.g Do you speak English？They are working in a field.He has caught a bad cold.（1 1）由）由情态动词情态动词+动词动词构成。构成。e.g You may keep the book for two weeks.、复合谓语复合谓语：基本句型基本句型 一：一：+（主谓）（主谓）不及物动词不及物动词1.The sunrose.2.Who cares?3.The pen writes smoothly.共同特点共同特点:即句子的谓语动词能表达即句子的谓语动词能表达完整的意思完整的意思(不及物动词不及物动词)，后可，后可+副词、副词、介词短语、状语从句等。介词短语、状语从句等。三三 .表语表语(Predicative)位于位于系动词之后系动词之后,用用以说明主语的以说明主语的性质、特征、状态性质、特征、状态与身份与身份。e.g All of you are excellent.It sounds a good idea.:系动词分类系动词分类一一.表持续或变化表持续或变化:be,keep,seem,get,become,turn,remain.seemsvery angry.looksHe二二.感官动词感官动词:look，sound,smell,write,feel等。等。What about watching a film tonight?It sounds a good idea.The blue bird looks very tired.My father is a professor.Whos that?Its me.Everything here is expensive.The match became very exciting.The story of my life may be of help to others.Three times five is fifteen.His plan is to seek work in the city.My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.名词名词 代词代词形容词形容词介词短语介词短语数词数词不定式不定式句子句子形容词形容词1.The dinnersmellsgood.2.Everythinglooksdifferent.3.The milkhas gonebad.基本句型二：基本句型二：(主系表主系表)四四.宾语宾语（Object）表示表示动作的对象或承动作的对象或承受者受者，一般位于，一般位于动词或介词后面动词或介词后面。e.g He is doing his homework.Dad gave me some money.双宾语双宾语She covered her face with her hands.We havent seen her for ages.Do you mind opening the window?Give me four please.He wants to dream a nice dream.We need to know what others are doing.We should care about our friends.名词名词代词代词 动名词动名词代词和数词代词和数词不定式不定式句子句子名词名词1.Whoknowsthe answer?2.He has refusedto help them.3.Heenjoysreading.4.Hesaid“Good morning.”5.The rain prevented me from coming to school on time.找找看，宾语在哪？找找看，宾语在哪？基本句型基本句型 三三:+(及物动词及物动词)+(宾语宾语)句型句型特点特点：谓语动词：谓语动词都具有实义都具有实义,但不能表达完整的意思但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟必须跟有一个宾语有一个宾语,即动作的承受者即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫才能使意思完整。这类动词叫及物动词。及物动词。基本句型基本句型 四四:+(主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,e.g.give/pass/bring/show。通常一个通常一个指人指人(间接宾语间接宾语););一个指物一个指物(直接宾语直接宾语)。Give me a cup of tea please.Lend me your dictionary,please.Give a cup of tea to me please.人物物 五五.宾补宾补e.g We saw her entering the room.I see a girl smiling in the house.英语有些及物动词，除了要有英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的语，才能使句子的意义完整意义完整。What can you see in the picture?I see a dolphin dancing.I can see a boy making a wish.1.Theypaintedthe doorgreen.2.Theyfoundthe housedestoryed.3.Heaskedmeto come back soon.4.I sawthemgetting on the bus.找出下例句子的宾补找出下例句子的宾补宾补是对宾语进行的补充。宾补和宾语宾补是对宾语进行的补充。宾补和宾语是逻辑上的主谓关系，可以构成一个句是逻辑上的主谓关系，可以构成一个句子。宾语和宾补构成了复合结构。子。宾语和宾补构成了复合结构。e.g The door is green.主语补足语主语补足语 如果上述结构变成如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原原宾语补足语相应地变为主补。宾语补足语相应地变为主补。They elected me captain of the team.I was elected captain of the team.六六 .定语定语定语定语 是修饰是修饰_词词.单词作定语时单词作定语时放在它所修饰的名词之放在它所修饰的名词之_；反；反之则放在它所修饰的名词之之则放在它所修饰的名词之_。名名前前后后They are woman workers.Toms father didnt come home Whos the girl in black?Mary is a beautiful girl.The play has three acts.This is her first trip to Europe.China is a developing country.I have nothing to eat.Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.名词名词名词所有格名词所有格形容词形容词数词数词形容词形容词 /序数词序数词 /不定式不定式现在分词现在分词 不定式不定式从句从句介词短语介词短语七七.状语状语表示表示地点、时间、原因、目的、地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、程度结果、条件、让步、方式、程度伴随情况伴随情况等可由单个词、多个词等可由单个词、多个词或句子构成。或句子构成。修饰修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句动词、形容词、副词或全句的成分叫状语。的成分叫状语。1.Lights travels quickly.2.He is living in the city.3.He is proud to have such a son.4.He is the room making a wish.5.Wait a second.6.Come this way.7.It is difficult to live where there is little water.副词副词介词短语介词短语不定式不定式分词分词名词名词名词名词从句从句 The fish swim near the bottom.I left the village five years ago.I arrived late because of the rain.Well send a car to fetch you.The fish can eat a person in two minutes,leaving only bones.The students entered the classroom,singing and dancing.If he goes,so will I.Though he is a child,he knows a lot.地点地点时间时间原因原因目的目的结果结果伴随伴随条件条件让步让步(二二).).五种简单句基本句型五种简单句基本句型主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语主语主语+谓语谓语+间宾间宾+直宾直宾主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾补宾补动词动词系动词系动词不及物不及物动词动词及物及物动词动词主语主语+系系+表语表语主语主语+谓语谓语你的故事听起来很有趣。_ _.把鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏。_ _.You story sounded very interesting.Put the fish into fridge,or they will go bad.1 1主语主语 +系动词系动词 +表语表语2 2主语主语 +谓语谓语1）Building has started.主语主语 谓语谓语_搭配：搭配：The teacher teaches well.The child walks very slowly._搭配搭配:The girl looked at the wall.The children ran into the forest.动词动词副词副词动词动词介词介词3 3主语主语 +谓语谓语 +宾语宾语1）Few students like taking exams.2）He forgot to close the door.3）I hope I can speak English fluently.4 4主语主语 +谓语谓语 +间宾间宾 +直宾直宾1）Grandma cooked us a nice meal.2）The man told the girl that he wants to test her the subject.3）The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.5 5主语主语 +谓语谓语 +宾语宾语 +宾补宾补1）The villagers didnt allow them to do this.2）I will keep the box in the room.3）We found him a good pupil.4）She let me stay in the company.