小升初英语语法总结和练习省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

小升初语法总复习汇总第1页小学英语分类一、名词（可数名词和不可数名词）二、人称代词三、冠词四、动词五、介词六、数词七、形容词和副词八、there be结构九、句式1.必定句2.否定句3.疑问句4.祈使句十、时态：1.普通现在时2.普通过去时3.现在进行时4.普通未来时十一、“wh”特殊疑问句第2页小学英语一、名词名词（表示人和事物名称词）专有名词普通名词特定人、地方、机构等专有名称。第一个字母通常要大写。特定人、地方、机构等专有名称。第一个字母通常要大写。e.g.Jim Green，New York，Bank of China，Peking University星期、月份、节日、学科、报刊名也是专有名词。星期、月份、节日、学科、报刊名也是专有名词。个体名词个体名词 表示某类人或东西中个体，如：表示某类人或东西中个体，如：student,desk集体名词集体名词 表示若干个体组成集合体，如：表示若干个体组成集合体，如：class,family 物质名词物质名词 表示无法分为个体物质名称，如：表示无法分为个体物质名称，如：water,rice,sand，hair抽象名词抽象名词 表示情感，状态，品质等抽象名称，如：表示情感，状态，品质等抽象名称，如：love，carelessness个体名词和集体名词多数能够用数目来计算，称为可数名词，有单、复数形式；物质名词和抽象名词通常无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词，普通只有一个形式。第3页小学英语英语语法中，只有可数名词才有复数英语语法中，只有可数名词才有复数形式。名词有两种数形式：形式。名词有两种数形式：1）单数（表示一个人或事物）；）单数（表示一个人或事物）；2）复数（表示多于一个人或数）。）复数（表示多于一个人或数）。名词数：名词数：可数名词不可数名词chicken(鸡，一个动物)fish（鱼，一个动物）anicecream（一个冰淇淋）atomatosalad（一个西红柿沙拉）chicken（鸡肉）fish（鱼肉）ice cream（冰淇淋这一类）salad（沙拉这一类）第4页小学英语名词复数形式组成名词复数形式组成形式形式改变规则发音发音例词例词普通情况+s1.清辅音结尾名词后s2.浊辅音结尾名词后z；3.元音结尾名词后z;books,cups,catsdogs,birds,armsdays,players以-s,-sh,-ch,-x,-z结尾名词+esizbus,brush,boxes,watch,大多数以-o结尾有生命名词+esztomatoes,potatoes,heroes以o结尾无生命名词+szradios,pianos,photos以辅音字母加y结尾名词把把y改成改成i再再加加eszstories,families,babies以f和fe结尾大多数名词把把f或或fe改改成成v再加再加eszthieves,knives,wives第5页小学英语不规则名词复数不规则名词复数1.由元音字母改变组成：由元音字母改变组成：man-men,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,mouse-mice,woman-women2.有些名词复数形式与单数形式一样：有些名词复数形式与单数形式一样：sheep,deer,fish(但也能够是但也能够是fishes)3.有些名词变成复数时加有些名词变成复数时加-en:child-children,ox-oxen第6页小学英语Practise1.peach_ 2.zoo _3.glass _4.fox _5.lady _6.policewoman _7.house _8.photo _9.monkey _10.wife _11.rose _ 12.path _13.judge _ 14.map _peacheszoosglassesfoxesladiespolicewomenhousesphotosmonkeyswivesrosespathsjudgesmaps第7页小学英语二、人称代词和物主代二、人称代词和物主代人称主格宾格复数 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词第一人称ImeWeMyMine第二人称youyouYouYouryours第三人称She/he/ithimTheyHer/his/itsHers/his/its复数weusourours主格普通用在句子前面，宾格用在动词后面，I am Li Le.Call me le le.形容词性物主代词指“某人什么”，my book(我书),your puppy.(你小狗)名词性人称代词指什么是“某人”This book is mine.(这本书是我)第8页小学英语Practise1._(他)is my brother.2.I had a letter from _(她).3.Its all right;its only _(我).4.Today _(我们)went in _(我们)car;tomorrow _(我们)are going in _(他们).1.5._(我)lend _(我)books gladly to _(我)friends and to _(你).6.Can you help _(我)with _(我)English.1.7.When _(你)go to see _(你)father,please take these books to _(他).8._(他们)found _(它)difficult to learn German.HehermeweourwetheirsImymyyoursmemyyouyourhimTheyit第9页小学英语全部格全部格全部格形式全部格形式单数人称名词末尾加单数人称名词末尾加 schild-childs以以-s结尾单数人称名词末尾加结尾单数人称名词末尾加swaitress-waitresss不规则复数人称名词末尾加不规则复数人称名词末尾加schildren-childrens以以-s结尾复数人称名词末尾加结尾复数人称名词末尾加girls-girls以以-s结尾一些人名末尾加结尾一些人名末尾加sJames-Jamess以下情况普通用以下情况普通用“of”结构：结构：1.东西东西(没有现成复合名词时没有现成复合名词时):the book of the film2.东西一部分东西一部分:the bottom of the box3.抽象概念抽象概念:the price of success4.当当of短语中名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时：短语中名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时：Cant you look at the book of the boy behind you?双重双重第10页小学英语 s结构也能够用于结构也能够用于“of”结构之后，如：结构之后，如：a friend of my fathers,出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词，又如：一个限定词，又如：this son of mine,a friend of yours,a cousin of hers等等。等等。Isnt Frank a friend of yours?That silly uncle of Toms has told me the same Joke five times.第11页小学英语冠词不定冠词不定冠词a,an定冠词定冠词the只能用于单数可数名词之前只能用于单数可数名词之前单数可数名词单数可数名词复数可数名词复数可数名词不可数名词不可数名词零冠词名词前可不用冠词名词前可不用冠词第12页小学英语不定冠词使用方法：不定冠词使用方法：不定冠词使用方法：不定冠词使用方法：1.表示表示“一一”，“任何一个任何一个”或或“不论哪一个不论哪一个”意思。意思。I have a sister and two brothers.2.在一些度量表示法中：在一些度量表示法中：We have PE lessons three times a week.3.用在单数表语名词前，以表示职业、行业、宗教、等级等。用在单数表语名词前，以表示职业、行业、宗教、等级等。George wants to be an engineer.1.4.在以在以what引导感叹句中，单数可数名词前。引导感叹句中，单数可数名词前。What a pretty girl!5.一些惯用短语中。一些惯用短语中。have a good time,half an hour,have a headache.第13页小学英语定冠词使用方法：定冠词使用方法：定冠词使用方法：定冠词使用方法：1.用来表示用来表示“独一无二独一无二”意思。意思。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.2.表示表示“说话人刚才提到过人或事物说话人刚才提到过人或事物”。There is a boat in the river.The boat is made of wood.3.用在后面跟有限定性介词短语名词前。用在后面跟有限定性介词短语名词前。the letter from America,the fourteenth of April1.4.用在泛指乐器名词前。用在泛指乐器名词前。He plays the piano.5.一些惯用短语。一些惯用短语。by the way,in the morning,Whats the matter?第14页小学英语零冠词使用方法：零冠词使用方法：零冠词使用方法：零冠词使用方法：1.泛指抽象名词前。泛指抽象名词前。Life is very hard for some people.2.泛指物质名词前。泛指物质名词前。Water is very useful.3.泛指复数名词前。泛指复数名词前。Books are my best friends.4.泛指泛指“餐餐”名前。名前。Come to have dinner/breakfast with me.5.大多数专有名词前。大多数专有名词前。He comes from France.6.语言名词前。语言名词前。She can speak French.7.在季节和节日名词前。在季节和节日名词前。Winter is the best time for skating.8.当名词前已经有一些代词修饰时。当名词前已经有一些代词修饰时。My brother is a soldier.9.在体育项目标名词前。在体育项目标名词前。play basketball10.一些惯用短语。一些惯用短语。at home,go to school,at night第15页小学英语1.There is _notebook on my desk.I use _ notebook to keep a diary.2.There is _bottle on the table._ water in it is sweet.3.Wangs mother is _English teacher.She teaches in _ primary school.4.China is _ ancient country with _ long history.5.China has _ population of 12 hundred million._ Chinese people are _ great people.6.Her mother is _ university teacher.She is _ honest woman.7.None of _books should be taken out of _ room without _ permission of _ librarian.8._Party always teaches us to work for _ people heart and soul.9.She studies at _No.3 Middle School.She goes to _ school by _ bus every day.10.My elder sister is _student of _ English.She studies at _ college.PractiseatheaTheantheanatheThe/aanthethethe/The/aa第16页小学英语四、动词四、动词 动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质，动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质，有时态、语态、语气等形式改变。有时态、语态、语气等形式改变。小学阶段所包括动词主要有：实义动词、小学阶段所包括动词主要有：实义动词、be动词、情态动词动词、情态动词can,must等。等。第17页小学英语Be动词am,is,arewas,werebeen第18页小学英语Practise1.He _ very good at English.2.My father and I _ going to Beijing next month.3._ you on duty the day before yesterday?4.Mr.King _ in London two weeks ago.5.There _ many kinds of animals in the zoo.6.What _ the date yesterday?7.Look!A little girl _ flying a kite.8.Who _ not at school last Monday?9.Have you ever _ to Japan?10.I _ not a nurse.I work as a doctor.isareWerewasarewasiswasbeenam第19页小学英语动词基本形式原形第三人称单数现在式过去式过去分词现在分词studystudiesstudiedstudied studyingdodoesdiddonedoinghavehashadhadhavinglearnlearnslearned/learntlearned/learntlearning第20页小学英语第三人称单数现在式情况情况改变规则例词例词普通情况+sworks,learns,eats,needs,says结尾为结尾为s,x,sh,ch,o+espasses,washes,teaches,goes,fixes结尾为辅音结尾为辅音字母字母+y变y为i+escarries,studies,flies,hurries,cries 动词动词be和和have第三人称单数现在式分第三人称单数现在式分别是别是is和和has。第21页小学英语动词过去式组成例词读音在动词在动词后加后加ed在以e结尾动词后加ed在以辅音字母加y结尾动词后，先变y为i再加ed在重读闭音节或在重读闭音节或r音节音节结尾而末尾只有一个结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母时，须双写辅音字母时，须双写这个辅音字母再加这个辅音字母再加ed在清辅音后读在清辅音后读tlookedwashedpassedhopedlikedstoppeddropped在元音和浊辅音在元音和浊辅音后读后读dstayedcalledlivedstudiedtriedcarriedplannedpreferred在辅音在辅音t、d后读后读idtastedneededadmittedpermitted第22页小学英语现在分词情况情况改变规则例词例词普通情况+ingdoing,asking,helping以不发音e结尾动词去去e加加inghaving,taking,writing,living以重读闭音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母动词双写最终一个辅音字母，再加ingrunning,swimming,putting,sitting第23页小学英语原形第三人称单数现在式过去式现在分词have givegetread sweepplay carry hashadhavinggivesgavegivinggetsgotgettingreadsreadreadingsweepssweptsweepingplaysplayedplayingcarriescarriedcarryingPractise第24页小学英语五、动词时态动词时态是表示动作或状态发生或存在时间和表示方式一个动词形式。动词时态是表示动作或状态发生或存在时间和表示方式一个动词形式。小学阶段所学时态有：小学阶段所学时态有：1.普通现在时：work/works2.现在进行时：am/is/are working3.普通过去时：worked4.普通未来时：am/is/are going to work第25页小学英语普通现在时基本使用方法介绍普通现在时基本使用方法介绍普通现在时功效普通现在时功效1.表示事物或人物特征、状态。表示事物或人物特征、状态。如：如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色。天空是蓝色。2.表示经常性或习惯性动作。表示经常性或习惯性动作。常与时间副词连用：常与时间副词连用：always,often,usually,every,on Sundays,twice a week等。等。如：如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我天天六点起床。我天天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。表示客观现实。如：如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。地球绕着太阳转。普通现在时普通现在时第26页小学英语普通现在时基本结构必定句否定句普通疑问句I work.We work.I dont work.We dont work.Do I work?Do we work?You work.You dont work.Do you work?They work.They dont work.Do they work?SheHeworks.ItSheHe doesnt work.ItsheDoeshework?it第27页小学英语一、一、写出以下动词第三人称单数写出以下动词第三人称单数drink_go_stay_make_look_have_pass_carry_二、用括号内动词适当形式填空。二、用括号内动词适当形式填空。1.Heoften_(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_(be)inClassOne.3.We_(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5._they_(like)theWorldCup?6._yourparents_(read)newspaperseveryday?7.Thegirl_(teach)usEnglishonSundays.8.SheandI_(take)awalktogethereveryevening。第28页小学英语三、按照要求改写句子三、按照要求改写句子1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句改为否定句)_2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为普通疑问句，作否定回答改为普通疑问句，作否定回答)_3.Shelikesmilk.(改为普通疑问句，作必定回答改为普通疑问句，作必定回答)_4.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句改为否定句)_四四、改错、改错(划犯错误地方，将正确写在横线上划犯错误地方，将正确写在横线上)1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?_2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?_3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass._4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish._5.ShedontdoherhomeworkonSundays._第29页小学英语现在进行时通常表示说话时或现阶段正在发生或通常表示说话时或现阶段正在发生或进行着动作。它所表示动作含有连续进行着动作。它所表示动作含有连续性、暂时性和未完成性。性、暂时性和未完成性。常见与现在进行时相关词有：常见与现在进行时相关词有：now,these days,look,listen等。等。基本结构基本结构必定句否定句否定句普通疑问句I am working.We are working.Im not working.Were not working.Am I working?Are we working?You are working.You arent working.Are you working?They are working.They arent working.Are they working?SheHeisworking.ItSheHe isnt working.It sheIs he working?it第30页小学英语动词加动词加ing改变规则改变规则1普通情况下，直接加普通情况下，直接加ing，如：如：cook-cooking2以不发音以不发音e结尾，去结尾，去e加加ing，如：如：make-making,taste-tasting3假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾辅音字母，再加双写末尾辅音字母，再加ing如：如：run-running,stop-stopping第31页小学英语现在进行时专题练习：现在进行时专题练习：一、写出以下动词现在分词：一、写出以下动词现在分词：run_swim_make_begin_go_like_write_shop_have_sing_dance_put_see_love_live_take_come_get_stop_sit_二、用所给动词正确形式填空：二、用所给动词正确形式填空：1.Theboy_(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls_(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother_(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What_you_(do)now?5.Look.They_(have)anEnglishlesson.第32页小学英语三、句型转换：1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成普通疑问句和否定句)_2Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改普通疑问句并作必定和否定回答)_第33页小学英语普通过去时通常表示过去某一时间所发生动作或通常表示过去某一时间所发生动作或存在状态，其中也包含习惯性动作。存在状态，其中也包含习惯性动作。常与表示过去时间状语连用：常与表示过去时间状语连用：yesterday,last,ago,just now,in 1998等。等。基本结构基本结构必定句否定句否定句普通疑问句I worked.We worked.I didnt work.We didnt work.Did I work?Did we work?You worked.You didnt work.Did you work?They worked.They didnt work.Did they work?She He worked.ItSheHe didnt work.It sheDid he work?it第34页小学英语动词过去式改变规则：动词过去式改变规则：1普通在动词末尾加普通在动词末尾加-ed，如：，如：work-worked,2结尾是结尾是e加加d，如：，如：live-lived3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母重读闭音节，应双写末尾辅音字母，再母重读闭音节，应双写末尾辅音字母，再加加-如：如：stop-stopped4以以“辅音字母辅音字母y”结尾，变结尾，变y为为i，再再加加-ed，如：，如：study-studied第35页小学英语5不规则动词过去式：不规则动词过去式：am、is-was,are-were,do-didsee-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-gotgo-went,come-came,have-had,eat-atetake-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,swim-swam,sit-sat第36页小学英语一、一、用动词适当形式填空用动词适当形式填空1.It_(be)BensbirthdaylastFriday.2.Weall_(have)agoodtimelastnight.3.He_(jump)highonlastSportsDay.4.Helen_(milk)acowonFriday.5.Shelikes_newspapers,butshe_abookyesterday.(read)6._they_(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they_.7.I_(watch)acartoononMonday.第37页小学英语普通未来时表示未来发生动作或情况。表示未来发生动作或情况。常与一些表示未来时间状语连用：常与一些表示未来时间状语连用：tomorrow,next,Be going to do表示主表达在打算在最近或未来要表示主表达在打算在最近或未来要做某事；也能够表示做某事；也能够表示“预见预见”，即现在已经有迹象，即现在已经有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。基本结构基本结构必定句否定句普通疑问句Im going to work.Were going to work.Im not going to work.We arent going to work.Am I going to work?Are we going to work?Youre going to work.You arent going to work.Are you going to work?Theyre going to work.They arent going to work.Are they going to work?SheHe is going to work.ItSheHeisntgoingtowork.It sheIs he going to work?it第38页小学英语练习：填空。练习：填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_haveapicnicwithmyfriends.I_haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。我想去打篮球。What_nextMonday?I_playbasketball.（同义句（同义句3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_yourmother_goshoppingthis_?Yes,she_.She_buysomefruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。你们打算什么时候见面。Whattime_you_meet?第39页小学英语1.Todayisasunnyday.We_(have)apicnicthisafternoon.2.Mybrother_(go)toShanghainextweek.3.Tomoften_(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He_(go)toschoolbybike.4.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually_(watch)TVand_(catch)insects?5.ItsFridaytoday.What_she_(do)thisweekend?She_(watch)TVand_(catch)insects.用所给词适当形式填空第40页小学英语1.Peter _(play)basketball twice a week.2.Do you believe what he _(say)just now?3.Look!The lazy cat _(sleep)in the sofa.4.There _(be)a book and two pens on the desk.5._you _(see)a film tomorrow morning?6.She _(not play)the guitar at the moment.7.What _his father usually _(do)in the evening?8.They _(have)a meeting next week,arent they?9.Both he and I _(be)teachers.10.I _(not feel)very well yesterday.11.He put on his coat and _(go)out.12.Lei Feng often _(help)others and he was helpful.13.Next Sunday,we _(clean)up the park.14.Hurry!Your mother _(wait)for you at the school gate.summary playssaidis sleepingisAregoing to seeisnt playingdoesdo are going to havearedidnt feelwenthelpsare going to cleanis waiting第41页小学英语六、介词六、介词介词在句子中表示名词或代词等与其它词之间关系。不能单独作句介词在句子中表示名词或代词等与其它词之间关系。不能单独作句子成份，常位于名词或代词（或与之相当其它词类、短语、从句）子成份，常位于名词或代词（或与之相当其它词类、短语、从句）前面组成介词短语。介词后面成份作介词宾语。前面组成介词短语。介词后面成份作介词宾语。方位介词方位介词in,on,at,under,to,behind,beside,near,before,in front of,next to,between时间介词时间介词in,on,at,after,before,fromto,past,between 其它其它of,by,with,into,out of,for,第42页小学英语Practise1.Look _ the picture.Its picture_ my school.2.There is a school building _ my school.It has five floors._ the school building,there is a big playground._school,the children always play ball games there.3.My classroom is_ the fifth floor.Its big and clean.4.Miss Li is our class teacher.She comes _ school early every morning.She comes _bicycle.Then she does morning exercises _us.She likes sports.Tomorrow is her birthday.We will make a card _ her.We love her very much.5.There are some apples _ the tree.atofinNearAfterontobywithforon第43页小学英语七、数词1.表示数目标词称为基数词表示数目标词称为基数词2.表示数目次序词称为序数词表示数目次序词称为序数词1.112基数词基数词：one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve1319基数词：基数词：thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen2090基数词：基数词：twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety2129基数：基数：twenty-one,twenty-two,twenty-three,twenty-four,twenty-five,1.twenty-six,twenty-seven,twenty-eight,twenty-nine2.thirty-nine,forty-eight,fifty-seven.-teen-ty十位数和个位数之间要加连字符号十位数和个位数之间要加连字符号“-”第44页小学英语2.百位数百位数：one hundred,two hundred,three hundred,four hundredfive hundred and eight-six,six hundred and ninety-nine,seven hundred and eight,eight hundred and one3.千位数千位数：one thousand,four thousand,seven thousand one hundred and five百位数和十位数之间加百位数和十位数之间加and。注意注意 英语中没有英语中没有“万万”这个单位，所以惯用这个单位，所以惯用thousand来表示。来表示。ten thousand,thirty thousand,fifteen thousand one hundred,five hundred and one thousand four hundred and thirty-two第45页小学英语1.英语序数词第英语序数词第1-19除了除了first,second与与third有特殊形式外，其余都由基有特殊形式外，其余都由基数词加后缀数词加后缀-th组成。组成。注意：注意：fifth,eighth,ninth和和twelfth拼法。拼法。2.十位数序数词组成方法是：先把十位数基数词词尾十位数序数词组成方法是：先把十位数基数词词尾ty中中y变为变为i，然后加后，然后加后缀缀-eth,如：如：twentytwentieth,fortyfortieth3.十位数序数词假如含有十位数序数词假如含有1-9个位数时，十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，个位数时，十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，中间用中间用“-”连字符。如：连字符。如：1.twenty-fourth,ninety-fifth2.4.百、千、万等序数词由百、千、万等序数词由hundred,thousand,million等加等加-th,前面加相前面加相关基数词组成。如：关基数词组成。如：one hundredth,one thousandth 注意：序数词前注意：序数词前one不能用不能用a代替。代替。1.one hundred and twenty-first第46页小学英语Practise1.There are _ days in a year.A.three hundreds sixty-five B.three hundreds and sixty-five C.three hundred and sixty-five D.three hundred and sixty five2._people visit this museum every day.A.Hundred B.Hundreds C.Hundred of D.Hundreds of3.There are two_ people in the meeting room.A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundreds of D.hundred of4._ trees have been plant